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Robert Proud

April 12, 2024

Robert Proud (1728–1813) was an English educator, Quaker and historian known for his research and writing about the Province of Pennsylvania (also known as the Pennsylvania Colony).[1]

Robert Proud
BornMay 10, 1728
Yorkshire, England
DiedJuly 7, 1813
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Occupation(s)Quaker educator and historian of the Province of Pennsylvania
Parent(s)William and Ann Proud

Dubbed "Pennsylvania's first historian"[2][3] Proud was a Loyalist during the American Revolution, and completed much of his writing while living in poverty after emigrating from England to Philadelphia.[4]

Formative years edit

Born on May 10, 1728, in Yorkshire, England, Robert Proud was a son of Ann and William Proud, a prosperous farmer. Initially reared "on a leasehold near the North-Riding market-town of Thirsk," according to historian J. H. Powell, he was educated in a primary school in the community of his birth, but was then sent at the age of 18 by his parents to David Hall's Quaker boarding school at Skipton. While there, he trained intensively in classical studies. After completing his education in 1750, he worked briefly as a bookkeeper in London before being persuaded by Dr. John Fothergill to pursue studies in botany and pharmacopoeia, which he did. In order to support himself, he secured work as a tutor for several families, including that of Timothy Bevan of Hackney, with whom he resided for a number of years before emigrating from England in late winter of 1758.[5][6][7]

Shortly after arriving in the Province of Pennsylvania (also known as the Pennsylvania Colony), he settled in Philadelphia, where he launched a private school for boys dedicated to the instruction of Latin. When that school failed two years later, he was hired to teach at The Friends School in that city in September 1761. Also known as The Friends Academy, The Public School or the Penn Charter School, it is known today as the Friends Select School.[8] He ultimately rose to the level of master teacher.[9][10][11] He was elected to the revived American Philosophical Society in 1768.[12]

But even after having some success as an educator, Proud's life remained far from secure. Per Powell, during "his first twenty years [in Philadelphia, Proud] lived in fourteen different Quaker homes, dependent upon Friends for his bed and board".[13] Persecuted politically during the American Revolution for his Loyalist sympathies toward England and religiously for his pacifist views as a Quaker — the latter of which may have been kindled by the decreased Quaker population and resulting decline of Quaker influence, according to historian Robert F. Oaks[14] — Proud attempted to gain a more secure financial footing by establishing another enterprise of his own — a London-based business venture launched in partnership with his brother in September 1770 — but it also failed quickly.[15] Briefly moderating his "views on 'the American cause'", according to Kara Flynn, Special Collections cataloguer at Haverford College, he "returned to his Loyalist roots" following a series of revolts by Patriot sympathizers. As Philadelphia became an increasingly dangerous place for him, he resigned from his teaching position in 1775, opting to remain in seclusion until 1880 to avoid arrest and preserve his own life. He used this time to write poetry, translate Latin works into English, and perform significant research that would later form the backbone of his two-volume The History of Pennsylvania in North America.[16][17][18][19]

Leaving seclusion sometime around 1788, Proud returned to teaching at the Friends School and described his educational philosophy that same year via his Some Short Notes & Memoranda by R.P. Philadelphia, Respecting the Scholastic Education of Youth Among Friends, according to biographer Melissa Hozik:[20]

"To render the Minds of youth attentive to Instruction & to habituate them to a decent & agreeable Deportment, in improved Society, are great Points in Education; but too little attended to by many ... the Education of youth ought to be considered, as it really is, a Religious Duty & Concern, as being introductory to the great Interests of Virtue & Happiness. ... "

 
Title page from Robert Proud's The History of Pennsylvania in North America, Vol. 1 (1897).

Resigning from teaching again in 1793 in order to shepherd his The History of Pennsylvania in North America through its printing and marketing phases,[21] he was able, in 1797, to release his first volume, which presented a biographical sketch of William Penn and also covered Pennsylvania's religious history from 1681 to 1709.[22]

After soliciting and securing financial support from his students and other members of Philadelphia's Quaker community in order to continue his historical research and writing,[23] he was then able to release the second volume of this work the following year. Volume II covered the periods of 1709 to 1742 and 1760 to 1770.[24]

According to curators at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Proud's two-volume set was "unsuccessful, due to its Loyalist leanings, and some very strong inaccuracies.[25]

Later years, death and legacy edit

Locked into a lifelong struggle with poverty, Proud finally retired to a life of seclusion.[26] Having never married, he died in Philadelphia on July 7, 1813.[27][28][29][30]

In addition to the criticism and lack of financial success which his works suffered during his lifetime, Proud's The History of Pennsylvania in North America has also been criticized by latter day historians. According to Powell, "the first observation that occurs to one on reading Proud's History" is that "there was much material available which he chose not to consult, and much that he did use was of a highly partisan nature."[31]

Also, from the perspectiveof Robert Bray Wingate, the former rare books librarian at the Pennsylvania State Library:[32]

Proud had available to him historical resources which he chose to ignore and much of his work is marred by partisanship and bias. A pacifist of staunchly conservative outlook ... he remained throughout his life a Tory of deepest hue. Never an egalitarian, he was dismayed by the sweeping social and economic changes wrought by American independence and never reconciled himself to the objectives of the new republic. Although well-trained as a scholar, there is much truth to Proud's own assertion that his History was imperfect, deficient, and not what he had hoped for after some twenty years of gathering material and writing amidst gnawing privation as a schoolmaster.

But, added Wingate, despite these problems, "Proud exemplifies the dissenting commentator whose political criticisms and trenchant observations of the passing scene remain perennially interesting and valuable to the historian".[33]

Publications (abridged list) edit

  • Proud, Robert. ''The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742, Vol. I. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Zachariah Poulson, Jr., 1797. OCLC 970881579
  • Proud, Robert. The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742, Vol. II. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Zachariah Poulson, Jr., 1798. OCLC 970881579

Selected excerpts from the author's works edit

  • "The wisdom of former ages, when transmitted, in writing, to posterity, in an inestimable treasure; but the actions of illustrious and virtuous persons, in the same manner exhibited, is still more beneficial: by the former our judgments are rightly informed, and our minds brought into a proper way of thinking; by the latter we are animated to an imitation; and while the excellency of noble examples is displayed before our understandings, our minds are inspired with a love of virtue. This appears to be the office of history; by which every succeeding age may avail itself of the wisdom, and, even, of the folly, of the preceding, and become wiser and happier by a proper application. Through this medium when we view the conduct of those great men of antiquity, who have benefited mankind, in their most essential interests, they appear frequently to have been actuated by motives, the most disinterested, and attended with a satisfaction more than human! — Adversity, which refines men, and renders them more fit to benefit the human race, is a frequent concomitant of worthy minds; and apparent success doth not always immediately attend noble and just designs:— When a Socrates is put to death, wisdom and truth seem to suffer; and when an Aristides is exiled, justice appears to be in disgrace. But virtue is its own reward, and depends not on the fluctuating opinions of mortals, not on the breath of popular applause; which is often on the side of error, and entirely opposite to the real interest of its votaries." — Robert Proud, The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742, Vol. I (Introduction: Part the First, p. 1)

References edit

  1. ^ Skotheim, Robert Allen. American Intellectual Histories and Historians. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Legacy Library, 2015, pp. 11–12.
  2. ^ Powell, J. H. "Robert Proud, Pennsylvania’s First Historian", in Pennsylvania History, Vol. XIII, No. 2, April 1946. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Free Library of Pennsylvania, 1946, pp. 85–112 (retrieved online August 4, 2018).
  3. ^ Wingate, Robert Bray. "An Introduction to This Volume and This Author", in Robert Proud's The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742, Vol. I. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Zachariah Poulson, Jr., 1797.
  4. ^ Burt, Daniel S., ed. The Chronology of American Literature: Literary Achievements from the Colonial Era to Modern Times. Boston, Massachusetts and New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, P. 106.
  5. ^ Powell, "Robert Proud, Pennsylvania's First Historian", Pennsylvania History, pp. 88, 90, 93.
  6. ^ "Robert Proud Collection" (finding aid). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, retrieved online August 4, 2018.
  7. ^ Flynn, Kara. "Robert Proud manuscripts, undated", in "Quaker and Special Collections". Haverford, Pennsylvania: Haveford College, March 2016 (retrieved online August 4, 2018).
  8. ^ Hozik, Melissa. "Robert Proud: Quaker, Classicist, Historian, and Loyalist", in "Fondly Pennsylvania". Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, July 29, 2010.
  9. ^ Burt, Daniel S., The Chronology of American Literature.
  10. ^ Powell, "Robert Proud, Pennsylvania's First Historian", Pennsylvania History, p. 93.
  11. ^ Flynn, "Robert Proud manuscripts", Haverford College.
  12. ^ Bell, Whitfield J., and Charles Greifenstein, Jr. Patriot-Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society. 3 vols. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997, I: 399, II:399, III:192-93, 359-67,360, 372, 504, 506-7, 586-87.
  13. ^ Powell, "Robert Proud, Pennsylvania's First Historian", Pennsylvania History, p. 93.
  14. ^ Oaks, Robert F. "Philadelphians in Exile: The Problem of Loyalty during the American Revolution", in The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 96, No. 3 (July, 1972), pp. 298-319, 321-325. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and University of Pennsylvania Press (free access is available to article, but registration is required).
  15. ^ Powell, "Robert Proud, Pennsylvania's First Historian", Pennsylvania History, p. 94.
  16. ^ Hozik, "Robert Proud: Quaker, Classicist, Historian, and Loyalist".
  17. ^ "Robert Proud Collection" (finding aid), Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
  18. ^ Flynn, "Robert Proud manuscripts", Haverford College.
  19. ^ Oaks, Robert F. "Philadelphians in Exile: The Problem of Loyalty during the American Revolution". Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and University of Pennsylvania Press (free access is available to article, but registration is required).
  20. ^ Hozik, "Robert Proud: Quaker, Classicist, Historian, and Loyalist".
  21. ^ Flynn, "Robert Proud manuscripts", Haverford College.
  22. ^ Proud, Robert. The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742, Vol. I. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Zachariah Poulson, Jr., 1797.
  23. ^ Burt, The Chronology of American Literature.
  24. ^ Proud, Robert. The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn, in 1681, till after the Year 1742, Vol. II. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Zachariah Poulson, Jr., 1798.
  25. ^ "Robert Proud Collection" (finding aid), Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
  26. ^ Burt, Daniel S., The Chronology of American Literature.
  27. ^ Powell, "Robert Proud, Pennsylvania's First Historian", Pennsylvania History, p. 112.
  28. ^ "Quaker School of Robert Proud" (including Proud's birth and death dates and locations), in "General Josiah Harmar", in "Fort Harmar". Marietta, Ohio: Sons of the American Revolution (Marietta Chapter), retrieved online August 5, 2018.
  29. ^ Young, John Russell, ed. Memorial History of the City of Philadelphia, from Its First Settlement to the Year 1895, Vol. I, p. 143 (footnotes). New York, New York: History Company, 1895.
  30. ^ Robert Proud, in "Today’s Anniversaries". Reading, Pennsylvania: Reading Times, May 10, 1927, p. 20.
  31. ^ Powell, "Robert Proud, Pennsylvania's First Historian", Pennsylvania History, p. 88.
  32. ^ Wingate, "An Introduction to This Volume and This Author", in Robert Proud's The History of Pennsylvania in North America, Vol. I.
  33. ^ Wingate, "An Introduction to This Volume and This Author", The History of Pennsylvania in North America.

External links edit

  • Beeson, John M. Robert Proud (1728–1813): A Biography. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms, University of Michigan, 1978. OCLC 1026670168
  • Bell, Whitfield J. Robert Proud (1728–1813). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 2010. OCLC 1026713516
  • Henkels, Stan V. The Proud Papers: Letters, Manuscripts, Books and Newspapers: Robert Proud, Historian of Pennsylvania (catalog compiled for May 8–9, 1903 sale). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Davis & Harvey, 1903. OCLC 960064054
  • Siebert, Wilbur H. "The Loyalists of Pennsylvania", in The Ohio State Bulletin, Vol. XXIV, No. 23, April 1, 1920. Columbus, Ohio: The University of Ohio, 1920. (No ISBN/OCLC/ISSN found, but publication is freely available online).

April 12, 2024
robert, proud, 1728, 1813, english, educator, quaker, historian, known, research, writing, about, province, pennsylvania, also, known, pennsylvania, colony, bornmay, 1728yorkshire, englanddiedjuly, 1813philadelphia, pennsylvania, united, statesoccupation, quak. Robert Proud 1728 1813 was an English educator Quaker and historian known for his research and writing about the Province of Pennsylvania also known as the Pennsylvania Colony 1 Robert ProudBornMay 10 1728Yorkshire EnglandDiedJuly 7 1813Philadelphia Pennsylvania United StatesOccupation s Quaker educator and historian of the Province of PennsylvaniaParent s William and Ann ProudDubbed Pennsylvania s first historian 2 3 Proud was a Loyalist during the American Revolution and completed much of his writing while living in poverty after emigrating from England to Philadelphia 4 Contents 1 Formative years 2 Later years death and legacy 3 Publications abridged list 3 1 Selected excerpts from the author s works 4 References 5 External linksFormative years editBorn on May 10 1728 in Yorkshire England Robert Proud was a son of Ann and William Proud a prosperous farmer Initially reared on a leasehold near the North Riding market town of Thirsk according to historian J H Powell he was educated in a primary school in the community of his birth but was then sent at the age of 18 by his parents to David Hall s Quaker boarding school at Skipton While there he trained intensively in classical studies After completing his education in 1750 he worked briefly as a bookkeeper in London before being persuaded by Dr John Fothergill to pursue studies in botany and pharmacopoeia which he did In order to support himself he secured work as a tutor for several families including that of Timothy Bevan of Hackney with whom he resided for a number of years before emigrating from England in late winter of 1758 5 6 7 Shortly after arriving in the Province of Pennsylvania also known as the Pennsylvania Colony he settled in Philadelphia where he launched a private school for boys dedicated to the instruction of Latin When that school failed two years later he was hired to teach at The Friends School in that city in September 1761 Also known as The Friends Academy The Public School or the Penn Charter School it is known today as the Friends Select School 8 He ultimately rose to the level of master teacher 9 10 11 He was elected to the revived American Philosophical Society in 1768 12 But even after having some success as an educator Proud s life remained far from secure Per Powell during his first twenty years in Philadelphia Proud lived in fourteen different Quaker homes dependent upon Friends for his bed and board 13 Persecuted politically during the American Revolution for his Loyalist sympathies toward England and religiously for his pacifist views as a Quaker the latter of which may have been kindled by the decreased Quaker population and resulting decline of Quaker influence according to historian Robert F Oaks 14 Proud attempted to gain a more secure financial footing by establishing another enterprise of his own a London based business venture launched in partnership with his brother in September 1770 but it also failed quickly 15 Briefly moderating his views on the American cause according to Kara Flynn Special Collections cataloguer at Haverford College he returned to his Loyalist roots following a series of revolts by Patriot sympathizers As Philadelphia became an increasingly dangerous place for him he resigned from his teaching position in 1775 opting to remain in seclusion until 1880 to avoid arrest and preserve his own life He used this time to write poetry translate Latin works into English and perform significant research that would later form the backbone of his two volume The History of Pennsylvania in North America 16 17 18 19 Leaving seclusion sometime around 1788 Proud returned to teaching at the Friends School and described his educational philosophy that same year via his Some Short Notes amp Memoranda by R P Philadelphia Respecting the Scholastic Education of Youth Among Friends according to biographer Melissa Hozik 20 To render the Minds of youth attentive to Instruction amp to habituate them to a decent amp agreeable Deportment in improved Society are great Points in Education but too little attended to by many the Education of youth ought to be considered as it really is a Religious Duty amp Concern as being introductory to the great Interests of Virtue amp Happiness nbsp Title page from Robert Proud s The History of Pennsylvania in North America Vol 1 1897 Resigning from teaching again in 1793 in order to shepherd his The History of Pennsylvania in North America through its printing and marketing phases 21 he was able in 1797 to release his first volume which presented a biographical sketch of William Penn and also covered Pennsylvania s religious history from 1681 to 1709 22 After soliciting and securing financial support from his students and other members of Philadelphia s Quaker community in order to continue his historical research and writing 23 he was then able to release the second volume of this work the following year Volume II covered the periods of 1709 to 1742 and 1760 to 1770 24 According to curators at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania Proud s two volume set was unsuccessful due to its Loyalist leanings and some very strong inaccuracies 25 Later years death and legacy editLocked into a lifelong struggle with poverty Proud finally retired to a life of seclusion 26 Having never married he died in Philadelphia on July 7 1813 27 28 29 30 In addition to the criticism and lack of financial success which his works suffered during his lifetime Proud s The History of Pennsylvania in North America has also been criticized by latter day historians According to Powell the first observation that occurs to one on reading Proud s History is that there was much material available which he chose not to consult and much that he did use was of a highly partisan nature 31 Also from the perspectiveof Robert Bray Wingate the former rare books librarian at the Pennsylvania State Library 32 Proud had available to him historical resources which he chose to ignore and much of his work is marred by partisanship and bias A pacifist of staunchly conservative outlook he remained throughout his life a Tory of deepest hue Never an egalitarian he was dismayed by the sweeping social and economic changes wrought by American independence and never reconciled himself to the objectives of the new republic Although well trained as a scholar there is much truth to Proud s own assertion that his History was imperfect deficient and not what he had hoped for after some twenty years of gathering material and writing amidst gnawing privation as a schoolmaster But added Wingate despite these problems Proud exemplifies the dissenting commentator whose political criticisms and trenchant observations of the passing scene remain perennially interesting and valuable to the historian 33 Publications abridged list editProud Robert The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn in 1681 till after the Year 1742 Vol I Philadelphia Pennsylvania Zachariah Poulson Jr 1797 OCLC 970881579 Proud Robert The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn in 1681 till after the Year 1742 Vol II Philadelphia Pennsylvania Zachariah Poulson Jr 1798 OCLC 970881579Selected excerpts from the author s works edit The wisdom of former ages when transmitted in writing to posterity in an inestimable treasure but the actions of illustrious and virtuous persons in the same manner exhibited is still more beneficial by the former our judgments are rightly informed and our minds brought into a proper way of thinking by the latter we are animated to an imitation and while the excellency of noble examples is displayed before our understandings our minds are inspired with a love of virtue This appears to be the office of history by which every succeeding age may avail itself of the wisdom and even of the folly of the preceding and become wiser and happier by a proper application Through this medium when we view the conduct of those great men of antiquity who have benefited mankind in their most essential interests they appear frequently to have been actuated by motives the most disinterested and attended with a satisfaction more than human Adversity which refines men and renders them more fit to benefit the human race is a frequent concomitant of worthy minds and apparent success doth not always immediately attend noble and just designs When a Socrates is put to death wisdom and truth seem to suffer and when an Aristides is exiled justice appears to be in disgrace But virtue is its own reward and depends not on the fluctuating opinions of mortals not on the breath of popular applause which is often on the side of error and entirely opposite to the real interest of its votaries Robert Proud The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn in 1681 till after the Year 1742 Vol I Introduction Part the First p 1 References edit Skotheim Robert Allen American Intellectual Histories and Historians Princeton New Jersey Princeton Legacy Library 2015 pp 11 12 Powell J H Robert Proud Pennsylvania s First Historian in Pennsylvania History Vol XIII No 2 April 1946 Philadelphia Pennsylvania The Free Library of Pennsylvania 1946 pp 85 112 retrieved online August 4 2018 Wingate Robert Bray An Introduction to This Volume and This Author in Robert Proud s The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn in 1681 till after the Year 1742 Vol I Philadelphia Pennsylvania Zachariah Poulson Jr 1797 Burt Daniel S ed The Chronology of American Literature Literary Achievements from the Colonial Era to Modern Times Boston Massachusetts and New York New York Houghton Mifflin Company 2004 P 106 Powell Robert Proud Pennsylvania s First Historian Pennsylvania History pp 88 90 93 Robert Proud Collection finding aid Philadelphia Pennsylvania Historical Society of Pennsylvania retrieved online August 4 2018 Flynn Kara Robert Proud manuscripts undated in Quaker and Special Collections Haverford Pennsylvania Haveford College March 2016 retrieved online August 4 2018 Hozik Melissa Robert Proud Quaker Classicist Historian and Loyalist in Fondly Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania Historical Society of Pennsylvania July 29 2010 Burt Daniel S The Chronology of American Literature Powell Robert Proud Pennsylvania s First Historian Pennsylvania History p 93 Flynn Robert Proud manuscripts Haverford College Bell Whitfield J and Charles Greifenstein Jr Patriot Improvers Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society 3 vols Philadelphia American Philosophical Society 1997 I 399 II 399 III 192 93 359 67 360 372 504 506 7 586 87 Powell Robert Proud Pennsylvania s First Historian Pennsylvania History p 93 Oaks Robert F Philadelphians in Exile The Problem of Loyalty during the American Revolution in The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography Vol 96 No 3 July 1972 pp 298 319 321 325 Philadelphia Pennsylvania The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and University of Pennsylvania Press free access is available to article but registration is required Powell Robert Proud Pennsylvania s First Historian Pennsylvania History p 94 Hozik Robert Proud Quaker Classicist Historian and Loyalist Robert Proud Collection finding aid Historical Society of Pennsylvania Flynn Robert Proud manuscripts Haverford College Oaks Robert F Philadelphians in Exile The Problem of Loyalty during the American Revolution Philadelphia Pennsylvania The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and University of Pennsylvania Press free access is available to article but registration is required Hozik Robert Proud Quaker Classicist Historian and Loyalist Flynn Robert Proud manuscripts Haverford College Proud Robert The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn in 1681 till after the Year 1742 Vol I Philadelphia Pennsylvania Zachariah Poulson Jr 1797 Burt The Chronology of American Literature Proud Robert The History of Pennsylvania in North America from the Original Institution and Settlement of That Province Under the First Proprietor and Governor William Penn in 1681 till after the Year 1742 Vol II Philadelphia Pennsylvania Zachariah Poulson Jr 1798 Robert Proud Collection finding aid Historical Society of Pennsylvania Burt Daniel S The Chronology of American Literature Powell Robert Proud Pennsylvania s First Historian Pennsylvania History p 112 Quaker School of Robert Proud including Proud s birth and death dates and locations in General Josiah Harmar in Fort Harmar Marietta Ohio Sons of the American Revolution Marietta Chapter retrieved online August 5 2018 Young John Russell ed Memorial History of the City of Philadelphia from Its First Settlement to the Year 1895 Vol I p 143 footnotes New York New York History Company 1895 Robert Proud in Today s Anniversaries Reading Pennsylvania Reading Times May 10 1927 p 20 Powell Robert Proud Pennsylvania s First Historian Pennsylvania History p 88 Wingate An Introduction to This Volume and This Author in Robert Proud s The History of Pennsylvania in North America Vol I Wingate An Introduction to This Volume and This Author The History of Pennsylvania in North America External links editBeeson John M Robert Proud 1728 1813 A Biography Ann Arbor Michigan University Microfilms University of Michigan 1978 OCLC 1026670168 Bell Whitfield J Robert Proud 1728 1813 Philadelphia Pennsylvania American Philosophical Society 2010 OCLC 1026713516 Henkels Stan V The Proud Papers Letters Manuscripts Books and Newspapers Robert Proud Historian of Pennsylvania catalog compiled for May 8 9 1903 sale Philadelphia Pennsylvania Davis amp Harvey 1903 OCLC 960064054 Siebert Wilbur H The Loyalists of Pennsylvania in The Ohio State Bulletin Vol XXIV No 23 April 1 1920 Columbus Ohio The University of Ohio 1920 No ISBN OCLC ISSN found but publication is freely available online Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Robert Proud amp oldid 1176847409, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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