Little is known of Kyd's early life. He was born in Scotland at Forfarshire (now Angus), the son of Thomas, a merchant, and Rachel Eccles. He may have studied medicine at Edinburgh. He joined the Bengal Engineers as an ensign in 1764. He became a lieutenant a year later, a captain on 3 April 1768, major on 29 May 1780, and lieutenant-colonel by 7 December 1782. He was then made a Secretary to the Military Department of Inspection in Bengal and continued in that post until his death.[2]
Kyd was interested in horticulture and owned a private garden in Shalimar near Howrah. He proposed the idea of a botanic garden to the then Governor-General Sir John Macpherson, who passed on the idea to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. His idea was that it should help in finding alternate sources of food to prevent famines and to identify plants that might be commercially useful. The plants he mentioned included the sago palm from Malaya and the Persian date. The plan was approved on 31 July 1787 and Kyd was made an honorary superintendent.[3] Kyd had proposed that the botanical garden would help in introduction of economically important plants and help the East India Company "outstrip our rivals in every valuable production which nature has confined to this part of the globe".[4][5][6] By 1790 Kyd had 4000 plants in the garden and when the botanist Joseph Hooker visited in 1848, he noted that it had "contributed more useful and ornamental tropical plants to the public and private gardens of the world than any other establishment before or since".[2][7]
Kyd made a request in his will that he be buried without any religious ceremony in the botanical garden that he founded, but was instead interred in South Park Street Cemetery.
A beautiful urn sculpted by a Mr Banks has been placed as a memorial in the botanical garden that he founded.[8]
He also left behind specific payments to be made to his native servants "Rajemahl Missah ... in retribution for the unsuitable education given to him, entailing separation from his native soil and kindred. To the other native known by the name of George, in reparation of the injury dune him by his former master, in alienating him from his tribe (understood Rajpoot), converting him to Christianity, and secluding him from all future connection with his family, the monthly sum of six rupees during his life; to both on condition of their continuing to serve Major Alexander Kyd during his residence in India..."[9][10][11]
Familyedit
Major Alexander Kyd, later Lieutenant General and Surveyor General of Bengal, was a first cousin once removed of Robert (Thomas Kyd was brother of George Kyd, grandfather of Alexander Kyd) and was the father of James Kyd (1786-1836) and his brother Robert (d. 1825), who became shipbuilders, also an Alexander Kyd. Kyd street and the locality Kidderpore derive their names from this family. James Kyd became Company Master Builder after the retirement of A. Waddell.[12]
Referencesedit
^Holmes and Co. (1851). The Bengal Obituary. Calcutta: W Thacker and Co. p. 99.
^ abcdDesmond, Ray (2004). "Kyd, Robert (1746–1793)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15814. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Hastings, RB (1986). "The relationships between the Indian botanic garden, Howrah and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in economic botany" (PDF). Bull. Bot. Surv. India. 28 (1–4): 1–12.
^Sharma, Jayeeta (2006). "British science, Chinese skill and Assam tea: Making empire's garden". Indian Economic and Social History Review. 43 (4): 429. doi:10.1177/001946460604300402. S2CID 154354876.
^Axelby, Richard (2008). "Calcutta Botanic Garden and the colonial re-ordering of the Indian environment" (PDF). Archives of Natural History. 35 (1): 150–163. doi:10.3366/E0260954108000144.
^Thomas, A. P. (2006). "The establishment of Calcutta Botanic Garden: plant transfer, science and the East India Company, 1786–1806". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 16 (2): 165–177. doi:10.1017/s1356186306005992. S2CID 163003756.
^Hooker, JD (1854). Himalayan Journals. volume 1. London: John Murray. pp. 3–4.
^Holmes and Co (1851). The Bengal Obituary. London: W. M. Thacker & Co, London & St Andrews Library, Calcutta. p. 99.
^George King (1893). "Preface". Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. 4: i–xi.
^Desmond, Ray (1992). The European Discovery of the Indian Flora. Oxford University Press, Delhi.
^Blechynden, Kathleen (1905). Calcutta past and present. Calcutta: W. Thacker and Co. pp. 161–165.
^Carey, WH (1882). The good old days of the Honorable John Company. Calcutta: Quins Book Co. p. 64.
External linksedit
Biography of Kyd at RBG, Kew
October 27, 2023
robert, colonel, 1746, 1793, british, army, officer, stationed, india, founded, botanical, garden, calcutta, 1787, born1746forfarshire, scotland, united, kingdomdied27, 1793calcutta, bengal, presidency, british, indiaburiedsouth, park, street, cemeteryallegian. Colonel Robert Kyd 1746 27 May 1793 1 was a British army officer stationed in India He founded the botanical garden at Calcutta in 1787 2 Robert KydBorn1746Forfarshire Scotland United KingdomDied27 May 1793Calcutta Bengal Presidency British IndiaBuriedSouth Park Street CemeteryAllegianceEast India CompanyService wbr branchBengal ArmyYears of service1764 1793RankColonelUnitBengal Engineers Contents 1 Life and career 2 Interment 3 Family 4 References 5 External linksLife and career editLittle is known of Kyd s early life He was born in Scotland at Forfarshire now Angus the son of Thomas a merchant and Rachel Eccles He may have studied medicine at Edinburgh He joined the Bengal Engineers as an ensign in 1764 He became a lieutenant a year later a captain on 3 April 1768 major on 29 May 1780 and lieutenant colonel by 7 December 1782 He was then made a Secretary to the Military Department of Inspection in Bengal and continued in that post until his death 2 nbsp Kyd memorial urn by Thomas Banks 1795 at the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden Kyd was interested in horticulture and owned a private garden in Shalimar near Howrah He proposed the idea of a botanic garden to the then Governor General Sir John Macpherson who passed on the idea to the Court of Directors of the East India Company His idea was that it should help in finding alternate sources of food to prevent famines and to identify plants that might be commercially useful The plants he mentioned included the sago palm from Malaya and the Persian date The plan was approved on 31 July 1787 and Kyd was made an honorary superintendent 3 Kyd had proposed that the botanical garden would help in introduction of economically important plants and help the East India Company outstrip our rivals in every valuable production which nature has confined to this part of the globe 4 5 6 By 1790 Kyd had 4000 plants in the garden and when the botanist Joseph Hooker visited in 1848 he noted that it had contributed more useful and ornamental tropical plants to the public and private gardens of the world than any other establishment before or since 2 7 A genus Kydia Kydia calycina in the family Malvaceae was named after him by William Roxburgh 2 Interment editKyd made a request in his will that he be buried without any religious ceremony in the botanical garden that he founded but was instead interred in South Park Street Cemetery A beautiful urn sculpted by a Mr Banks has been placed as a memorial in the botanical garden that he founded 8 He also left behind specific payments to be made to his native servants Rajemahl Missah in retribution for the unsuitable education given to him entailing separation from his native soil and kindred To the other native known by the name of George in reparation of the injury dune him by his former master in alienating him from his tribe understood Rajpoot converting him to Christianity and secluding him from all future connection with his family the monthly sum of six rupees during his life to both on condition of their continuing to serve Major Alexander Kyd during his residence in India 9 10 11 Family editMajor Alexander Kyd later Lieutenant General and Surveyor General of Bengal was a first cousin once removed of Robert Thomas Kyd was brother of George Kyd grandfather of Alexander Kyd and was the father of James Kyd 1786 1836 and his brother Robert d 1825 who became shipbuilders also an Alexander Kyd Kyd street and the locality Kidderpore derive their names from this family James Kyd became Company Master Builder after the retirement of A Waddell 12 References edit Holmes and Co 1851 The Bengal Obituary Calcutta W Thacker and Co p 99 a b c d Desmond Ray 2004 Kyd Robert 1746 1793 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 15814 Subscription or UK public library membership required Hastings RB 1986 The relationships between the Indian botanic garden Howrah and the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in economic botany PDF Bull Bot Surv India 28 1 4 1 12 Sharma Jayeeta 2006 British science Chinese skill and Assam tea Making empire s garden Indian Economic and Social History Review 43 4 429 doi 10 1177 001946460604300402 S2CID 154354876 Axelby Richard 2008 Calcutta Botanic Garden and the colonial re ordering of the Indian environment PDF Archives of Natural History 35 1 150 163 doi 10 3366 E0260954108000144 Thomas A P 2006 The establishment of Calcutta Botanic Garden plant transfer science and the East India Company 1786 1806 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 16 2 165 177 doi 10 1017 s1356186306005992 S2CID 163003756 Hooker JD 1854 Himalayan Journals volume 1 London John Murray pp 3 4 Holmes and Co 1851 The Bengal Obituary London W M Thacker amp Co London amp St Andrews Library Calcutta p 99 George King 1893 Preface Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden Calcutta 4 i xi Desmond Ray 1992 The European Discovery of the Indian Flora Oxford University Press Delhi Blechynden Kathleen 1905 Calcutta past and present Calcutta W Thacker and Co pp 161 165 Carey WH 1882 The good old days of the Honorable John Company Calcutta Quins Book Co p 64 External links editBiography of Kyd at RBG Kew Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Robert Kyd amp oldid 1173483361, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
