In June 1939, on the authority of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, Craigie successfully managed to end the Tientsin incident with only limited loss to British prestige.[2] During the course of negotiations with the Japanese, Craigie took advantage of divisions within the Japanese leadership, especially between the prime minister, Hiranuma Kiichirō, who wished for a greater degree of control over the military, and the military itself, which wanted less civilian control.[3]
In July 1939, Craigie took part in negotiations with Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Hachiro Arita, leading to the acceptance of the Craigie–Arita formula by which the British government agreed not to resist Japanese actions in China but did not recognise their legality.[4] In July 1940, following the arrest of several British nationals in Japan, he suggested to the British government to arrest some Japanese nationals in British territory against whom a case could be made in court as a move to prove Japanese subversive intentions against Britain.[5]
On the morning of 8 December 1941, he received from Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Shigenori Togo an official document, stating that negotiations with the US government had failed but without mentioning any war between the Japanese and the British governments.[6]
As one of the Allied diplomats interned in Japan until agreement was reached for their repatriation, he observed the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942. Initial reports said that it was a "practice raid", but one staff member (Pleasant) was sure from the start that it was a real raid, and won several bets from sceptics. Craigie said that Japanese staff had been amused at the embassy's air raid precautions as the idea of an attack on Tokyo was "laughable" with the allies in retreat, but the guards now showed "considerable excitement and perturbation". Several false alarms followed, and in poorer districts, people rushed into the streets, shouted and gesticulated, lost their normal "iron control" over their emotions and showed a "tendency to panic". The police guards on Allied and neutral missions were doubled to foil xenophobic attacks, but the guard on the German mission was "tripled".[7]
After returning to Britain in 1942, Craigie suggested that a more conciliatory policy towards the Japanese government would have postponed the outbreak of war in the Far East and would have allowed the British government more time to prepare for such a war.[9]
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Robert Craigie, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 8 works in 10+ publications in 1 language and 200+ library holdings.[10]
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Behind the Japanese mask (1945)
Ten years in Japan: a contemporary record drawn from the diaries and private and official papers of Joseph C. Grew, United States ambassador to Japan, 1932-1942 by Joseph Grew; foreword by Robert Craigie (1944)
^Ian Nish. (2004). British Envoys in Japan 1859-1972, pp. 140-156; Hoare, James. (1999). Embassies in the East: the Story of the British Embassies in Japan, China, and Korea from 1859 to the Present, p. 214., p. 214, at Google Books
^Watt, D.C. How War Came, New York: Pantheon, 1939 pages 356–357
^Watt, D.C. How War Came, New York: Pantheon, 1939 page 357
^National Archives, War Cabinet 217 (40), p. 182, Catalogue Reference CAB/65/8/29, August 1940.
^Iguchi, Takeo. Takeo Iguchi, "Controversy over Japan's Surprise Attack on the United States and Britain in December 1941," Asiatic Society of Japan. 22 March 2004.
^Craigie, Robertt (1945). Behind the Japanese Mask. London: Hutchinson & Co. pp. 146, 147.
^Hackett, Bob and Sander Kingsepp, "Kokansen, Stories of Diplomatic Exchange and Repatriation Ships," 27 March 2010.
^Lamb, Richard. Letter: "Churchill's wartime rights and wrongs," The Independent (London). 20 January 1993.
Craigie, Robert. (1945). Behind the Japanese mask. London: Hutchinson & Co. OCLC 001384192. Reprinted 2004, ISBN978-0-7103-0876-4; OCLC 52358170
Hoare, James. (1999). Embassies in the East: the Story of the British Embassies in Japan, China, and Korea from 1859 to the Present. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. ISBN9780700705122; OCLC 42645589
Nish, Ian. (2004). British Envoys in Japan 1859-1972. Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental. ISBN978-1-901903-51-5; OCLC 249167170
Niwa, Yasuko. (1999). Anglo-Japanese relations, 1939-1941: the influence of diplomats on foreign policy-making. Thesis (M. Litt.)--University of Oxford. OCLC 043654409
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This article is about the diplomat For the naval officer see Robert Craigie admiral For the judge see Robert Craigie Lord Glendoick Sir Robert Leslie Craigie GCMG CB PC 6 December 1883 16 May 1959 was the British ambassador in Japan from 1937 to 1941 1 Sir Robert CraigieGCMG CB PCBritish Ambassador to JapanIn office 1937 1941MonarchGeorge VIPrime MinisterNeville ChamberlainWinston ChurchillPreceded bySir Robert CliveSucceeded bySir Alvary Gascoigne 1946 as Political Representative Personal detailsBorn 1883 12 06 6 December 1883Died16 May 1959 1959 05 16 aged 75 NationalityBritish Contents 1 Ambassador 2 Selected works 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksAmbassador EditIn June 1939 on the authority of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Craigie successfully managed to end the Tientsin incident with only limited loss to British prestige 2 During the course of negotiations with the Japanese Craigie took advantage of divisions within the Japanese leadership especially between the prime minister Hiranuma Kiichirō who wished for a greater degree of control over the military and the military itself which wanted less civilian control 3 In July 1939 Craigie took part in negotiations with Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Hachiro Arita leading to the acceptance of the Craigie Arita formula by which the British government agreed not to resist Japanese actions in China but did not recognise their legality 4 In July 1940 following the arrest of several British nationals in Japan he suggested to the British government to arrest some Japanese nationals in British territory against whom a case could be made in court as a move to prove Japanese subversive intentions against Britain 5 On the morning of 8 December 1941 he received from Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Shigenori Togo an official document stating that negotiations with the US government had failed but without mentioning any war between the Japanese and the British governments 6 As one of the Allied diplomats interned in Japan until agreement was reached for their repatriation he observed the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942 Initial reports said that it was a practice raid but one staff member Pleasant was sure from the start that it was a real raid and won several bets from sceptics Craigie said that Japanese staff had been amused at the embassy s air raid precautions as the idea of an attack on Tokyo was laughable with the allies in retreat but the guards now showed considerable excitement and perturbation Several false alarms followed and in poorer districts people rushed into the streets shouted and gesticulated lost their normal iron control over their emotions and showed a tendency to panic The police guards on Allied and neutral missions were doubled to foil xenophobic attacks but the guard on the German mission was tripled 7 On 30 July 1942 Craigie and staff left Japan on board the Tatsuta Maru returning to Britain via Lourenco Marques in East Africa today Maputo Mozambique 8 After returning to Britain in 1942 Craigie suggested that a more conciliatory policy towards the Japanese government would have postponed the outbreak of war in the Far East and would have allowed the British government more time to prepare for such a war 9 In 1945 he served briefly as the chairman of the United Nations War Crimes Commission Selected works EditIn a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Robert Craigie OCLC WorldCat encompasses roughly 8 works in 10 publications in 1 language and 200 library holdings 10 This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources Behind the Japanese mask 1945 Ten years in Japan a contemporary record drawn from the diaries and private and official papers of Joseph C Grew United States ambassador to Japan 1932 1942 by Joseph Grew foreword by Robert Craigie 1944 See also EditList of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Japan Anglo Japanese relationsNotes Edit Ian Nish 2004 British Envoys in Japan 1859 1972 pp 140 156 Hoare James 1999 Embassies in the East the Story of the British Embassies in Japan China and Korea from 1859 to the Present p 214 p 214 at Google Books Watt D C How War Came New York Pantheon 1939 pages 356 357 Watt D C How War Came New York Pantheon 1939 page 357 Japan Great Britain Formula Time 31 July 1939 National Archives War Cabinet 217 40 p 182 Catalogue Reference CAB 65 8 29 August 1940 Iguchi Takeo Takeo Iguchi Controversy over Japan s Surprise Attack on the United States and Britain in December 1941 Asiatic Society of Japan 22 March 2004 Craigie Robertt 1945 Behind the Japanese Mask London Hutchinson amp Co pp 146 147 Hackett Bob and Sander Kingsepp Kokansen Stories of Diplomatic Exchange and Repatriation Ships 27 March 2010 Lamb Richard Letter Churchill s wartime rights and wrongs The Independent London 20 January 1993 WorldCat Identities Craigie Robert Sir b 1883References EditCraigie Robert 1945 Behind the Japanese mask London Hutchinson amp Co OCLC 001384192 Reprinted 2004 ISBN 978 0 7103 0876 4 OCLC 52358170 Hoare James 1999 Embassies in the East the Story of the British Embassies in Japan China and Korea from 1859 to the Present Richmond Surrey Curzon Press ISBN 9780700705122 OCLC 42645589 Nish Ian 2004 British Envoys in Japan 1859 1972 Folkestone Kent Global Oriental ISBN 978 1 901903 51 5 OCLC 249167170 Niwa Yasuko 1999 Anglo Japanese relations 1939 1941 the influence of diplomats on foreign policy making Thesis M Litt University of Oxford OCLC 043654409External links EditUK in Japan Chronology of Heads of MissionDiplomatic postsPreceded bySir Robert Clive British Ambassador to Japan1937 1941 Succeeded bySir Alvary Gascoigne Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Robert Craigie diplomat amp oldid 1034718406, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
