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Reichsuniversität Straßburg

October 28, 2023

The Reichsuniversität Straßburg was founded in 1941 by the Nazis in Alsace after the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Nazi Germany. The University of Strasbourg had moved to Clermont-Ferrand in 1939. The university's purpose was to restore the German character of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Universität, as the University of Strasbourg was named from 1872 to 1918, and to advance "German knowledge" in the annexed territory. When the Allies arrived in Alsace in 1944, the Reichsuniversität was first transferred to Tübingen and then dissolved.

Seal of the Department of Germanic and Norse Studies

History edit

 
Memorial for the victims of August Hirt's racial researches at the Institute of Anatomy of the Reichsuniversität Straßburg. The inscription reads, in translation:
"In memory of the 86 Jewish victims assassinated in 1943 at Struthof by August Hirt, professor at the Nazi Reichsuniversität of Strasbourg.
Their remains rest in the Israelite cemetery in Cronenbourg.
The French Faculty of Medicine of annexed Strasbourg had moved to Clermont-Ferrand.
Remember them so that medicine may never again go astray."

The University of Strasbourg evacuated to Clairmont-Ferrand in 1939, in advance of the Nazi invasion.[1] The Reichsuniversität Straßburg was formally opened in the university's facilities on 23 November 1941, the last of three "Reich Universities"; the other two were in occupied Poland.[2] It was intended to advance and spread German learning as defined by the Nazis, and to eclipse the Sorbonne.[3] Most of the faculty and students fled when the Allies re-entered the city in November 1944.[3]

Academics edit

The initial organisation of the Reichsuniversität was overseen by Ernst Anrich, a historian who became Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy. An SS man, he sought to orient it closely with the Nazi Party, the SS, and the Ministry of Education.[4]

The university had four of the traditional faculties: Philosophy (i.e., Humanities), Law, Medicine and Science, but no division of Theology.[5] An independent institute of religion (Allgemeine Religionswissenschaft) within the department of early history and antiquities was presided over by Otto Huth, head of the section on Indo-European religion within the Ahnenerbe, the academic and research division of the SS.[6][7] The institute had as one of its purposes bolstering the case for Alsace belonging culturally to Germany.[8]

The Faculty of Natural Science at the Reichsuniversität Straßburg was particularly important to the Ahnenerbe.[9] In particular, the Faculty of Medicine was more involved in the war effort than at the other two Reich universities.[10] August Hirt, subsequently convicted as a war criminal, headed the Institute of Anatomy, where he conducted "racial anatomy" experiments and murdered concentration camp inmates for the Ahnenerbe's Jewish skeleton collection and his own Jewish skull collection.[11] Victims were selected at Auschwitz as well as at the nearby Natzweiler-Struthof camp, and put to death in the gas chambers at Struthof, which had originally been installed for chemical weapons experiments.[12] Hirt also had corpses delivered to the institute from French hospitals, POW hospitals, and from executions of French civilians.[13] In addition to chemical weapons, criminal research on typhus was also conducted at the university.[1] In 2016 the University of Strasbourg commissioned an investigation of medical crimes committed at the Reichsuniversität, and the report was published in May 2022.[1][14][15]

Notable people edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Aurelien Breeden (24 July 2022). "A French University Confronts Medical Crimes and Its Nazi Past". The New York Times. from the original on 24 July 2022.
  2. ^ Teresa Wróblewska (2000). Die Reichsuniversitäten Posen, Prag und Strassburg als Modelle nationalsozialistischer Hochschulen in den von Deutschland besetzten Gebieten (in German). Toruń: Adam Marszałek. p. 221. ISBN 9788371746741.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Forschung und Verbrechen" (with documentary film) (in German). 18 December 2018.
  4. ^ Michael H. Kater (2006). Das "Ahnenerbe" der SS 1935-1945: Ein Beitrag zur Kulturpolitik des Dritten Reiches. Studien zur Zeitgeschichte (in German). Vol. 6 (4th ed.). Munich: Oldenbourg. p. 286. ISBN 978-3-486-57950-5.
  5. ^ a b Frank-Rutger Hausmann (2006). Hans Bender (1907–1991) und das "Institut für Psychologie und Klinische Psychologie" an der Reichsuniversität Strassburg 1941–1944. Grenzüberschreitungen (Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene) (in German). Würzburg: Ergon. p. 15. ISBN 9783899135305.
  6. ^ Horst Junginger (2008). "Otto Huth". In Ingo Haar; Michael Fahlbusch (eds.). Handbuch der völkischen Wissenschaften: Personen, Institutionen, Forschungsprogramme, Stiftungen (PDF) (in German). Munich: Saur. p. 320. ISBN 9783598117787.
  7. ^ Kater, p. 287.
  8. ^ Horst Junginger (2008). "Introduction". In Horst Junginger (ed.). The Study of Religion under the Impact of Fascism. Numen Book Series: Studies in the History of Religions. Vol. 117. Leiden / Boston: Brill. p. 25. ISBN 978-90-04-16326-3.
  9. ^ a b Julien Reitzenstein (2018). Das SS-Ahnenerbe und die »Straßburger Schädelsammlung« – Fritz Bauers letzter Fall. Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungen (in German). Vol. 52. Berlin: Dunckler & Humblot. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-3-428-55313-6.
  10. ^ Wróblewska, p. 123.
  11. ^ Patrick Wechsler (1991). La Faculté de médecine de la 'Reichsuniversität Strassburg' (1941–1945) à l'heure nationale-socialiste (PhD, medicine) (in French). University of Strasbourg. OCLC 1136994009.
  12. ^ Sören Flachowsky; Rüdiger Hachtmann; Florian Schmaltz, eds. (30 January 2017). Ressourcenmobilisierung: Wissenschaftspolitik und Forschungspraxis im NS Herrschaftssystem (in German). Wallstein Verlag. p. 519. ISBN 9783835340046.
  13. ^ Raphael Toledano (May 2016). "Anatomy in the Third Reich – The Anatomical Institute of the Reichsuniversität Strassburg and the deliveries of dead bodies". Annals of Anatomy. 205: 128–44. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2016.03.006. PMID 27060203.
  14. ^ Georges Yoram Federmann. "Le Cercle Menachem Taffel". judaisme.sdv.fr (in French).
  15. ^ Niklas Bender (23 June 2022). "Reichsuniversität Straßburg ließ Häftlinge ermorden". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German).
  16. ^ Burghard Weiss (2006). "Der Kernphysiker Rudolf Fleischmann und die Medizin an der Reichsuniversität Straßburg (1941–1944)". NTM Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (in German). 14: 107–18.
  17. ^ Klee, Ernst (2005). Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Frankfurt am Main: Aktualisierte Ausgabe. p. 161.
  18. ^ Aisling Shalvey (2022). "Career, Proximity to National Socialism, and Post-War Reception of Dr Kurt Hofmeier, Director of the Children's Clinic at the Reichsuniversität Straßburg (1941–1944)". Revue d'Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande. 54 (1): 253–68. doi:10.4000/allemagne.3050. S2CID 251169177.
  19. ^ a b Kater, p. 248.
  20. ^ Brigitte Van Tiggelen (2019). "Ida Noddack, the Eka-Manganeses and Nuclear Fission". In Annette Lykknes; Brigitte Van Tiggelen (eds.). Women In Their Element: Selected Women's Contributions To The Periodic System. Singapore: World Scientific. pp. 219–20. ISBN 978-981-120-628-3.
  21. ^ Hubert Fehr (2001). "Hans Zeiss, Joachim Werner und die archäologischen Forschungen zur Merowingerzeit". In Heiko Steuer (ed.). Eine hervorragend nationale Wissenschaft: deutsche Prähistoriker zwischen 1900 und 1995. Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde (in German). Vol. 29. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 346. ISBN 9783110864595.

Further information edit

  • Horst Kant (1997). (PDF) (in German). Max Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-01.
  • Herwig Schäfer (1999). Juristische Lehre und Forschung an der Reichsuniversität Straßburg 1941–1944. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts (in German). Vol. 23. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 9783161470974.
  • Joachim Lerchenmüller (2004). "Die Reichsuniversität Straßburg: SD-Wissenschaftspolitik und Wissenschaftlerkarrieren vor und nach 1945". In Karen Bayer; Frank Sparing; Wolfgang Woelk (eds.). Universitäten und Hochschulen im Nationalsozialismus und in der frühen Nachkriegszeit (in German). Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 53–79. ISBN 9783515081757.
  • Christian Baechler; François Igersheim; Pierre Racine, eds. (2005). Les Reichsuniversitäten de Strasbourg et de Poznan et les résistances universitaires - 1941–1944. Les Mondes germaniques. Strasbourg: University of Strasbourg. ISBN 978-2868202680. (in French and German)
  • Elisabeth T. Crawford; Josiane Olff-Nathan, eds. (2005). La Science sous influence: l'université de Strasbourg enjeu des conflits franco-allemands, 1872–1945 (in French). Strasbourg: Nuée Bleue. ISBN 9782716506441.
  • Frank W. Stahnisch (2016). "Die Neurowissenschaften in Straßburg zwischen 1872 und 1945: Forschungstätigkeiten zwischen politischen und kulturellen Zäsuren". Sudhoffs Archiv (in German). 100 (2): 227–62. doi:10.25162/sudhoff-2016-0011. JSTOR 24913789. S2CID 211445792.
  • Kirsten Esch (2018). Forschung und Verbrechen: Die Reichsuniversität Straßburg (documentary film, 42 mins, 34 secs) (in German). Deutsche Welle DokuFilm.
  • Rainer Möhler (2020). Die Reichsuniversität Straßburg 1940–1944: eine nationalsozialistische Musteruniversität zwischen Wissenschaft, Volkstumspolitik und Verbrechen. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg, Reihe B: Forschungen (in German). Vol. 227. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. ISBN 9783170380981.
  • "The Reichsuniversität Straßbourg (1941-1944): Results of the research by the Historical Commission into the history of the Medical Faculty". University of Strasbourg.
    • Christian Bonah; Florian Schmaltz; Paul Weindling, eds. (1 May 2022). "La Faculté de médecine de la Reichsuniversiät Straßburg et l'hôpital civil sous l'annexion de fait nationale-socialiste 1940–1945. Rapport final de la Commission historique pour l'histoire de la faculté de médecine de la Reichsuniversität Straßburg 2017–2022" (PDF) (in French). University of Strasbourg.
  • Aisling Shalvey (2023). Pediatrics in the Reichsuniversität Straßburg: Children's Medicine at a Bastion of Nazi Ideology. University of Exeter. ISBN 9781804130896.


October 28, 2023
reichsuniversität, straßburg, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, french, february, 2023, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, . You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French February 2023 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 815 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Universite du Reich de Strasbourg see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Universite du Reich de Strasbourg to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German February 2023 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 8 919 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Reichsuniversitat Strassburg see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Reichsuniversitat Strassburg to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Reichsuniversitat Strassburg was founded in 1941 by the Nazis in Alsace after the annexation of Alsace Lorraine by Nazi Germany The University of Strasbourg had moved to Clermont Ferrand in 1939 The university s purpose was to restore the German character of the Kaiser Wilhelm Universitat as the University of Strasbourg was named from 1872 to 1918 and to advance German knowledge in the annexed territory When the Allies arrived in Alsace in 1944 the Reichsuniversitat was first transferred to Tubingen and then dissolved Seal of the Department of Germanic and Norse Studies Contents 1 History 2 Academics 3 Notable people 4 References 4 1 Further informationHistory edit nbsp Memorial for the victims of August Hirt s racial researches at the Institute of Anatomy of the Reichsuniversitat Strassburg The inscription reads in translation In memory of the 86 Jewish victims assassinated in 1943 at Struthof by August Hirt professor at the Nazi Reichsuniversitat of Strasbourg Their remains rest in the Israelite cemetery in Cronenbourg The French Faculty of Medicine of annexed Strasbourg had moved to Clermont Ferrand Remember them so that medicine may never again go astray The University of Strasbourg evacuated to Clairmont Ferrand in 1939 in advance of the Nazi invasion 1 The Reichsuniversitat Strassburg was formally opened in the university s facilities on 23 November 1941 the last of three Reich Universities the other two were in occupied Poland 2 It was intended to advance and spread German learning as defined by the Nazis and to eclipse the Sorbonne 3 Most of the faculty and students fled when the Allies re entered the city in November 1944 3 Academics editThe initial organisation of the Reichsuniversitat was overseen by Ernst Anrich a historian who became Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy An SS man he sought to orient it closely with the Nazi Party the SS and the Ministry of Education 4 The university had four of the traditional faculties Philosophy i e Humanities Law Medicine and Science but no division of Theology 5 An independent institute of religion Allgemeine Religionswissenschaft within the department of early history and antiquities was presided over by Otto Huth head of the section on Indo European religion within the Ahnenerbe the academic and research division of the SS 6 7 The institute had as one of its purposes bolstering the case for Alsace belonging culturally to Germany 8 The Faculty of Natural Science at the Reichsuniversitat Strassburg was particularly important to the Ahnenerbe 9 In particular the Faculty of Medicine was more involved in the war effort than at the other two Reich universities 10 August Hirt subsequently convicted as a war criminal headed the Institute of Anatomy where he conducted racial anatomy experiments and murdered concentration camp inmates for the Ahnenerbe s Jewish skeleton collection and his own Jewish skull collection 11 Victims were selected at Auschwitz as well as at the nearby Natzweiler Struthof camp and put to death in the gas chambers at Struthof which had originally been installed for chemical weapons experiments 12 Hirt also had corpses delivered to the institute from French hospitals POW hospitals and from executions of French civilians 13 In addition to chemical weapons criminal research on typhus was also conducted at the university 1 In 2016 the University of Strasbourg commissioned an investigation of medical crimes committed at the Reichsuniversitat and the report was published in May 2022 1 14 15 Notable people editHans Bender 5 Otto Bickenbach 1 Rudolf Fleischmann 16 Gunther Franz 17 Eugen Haagen de 1 August Hirt Kurt Hofmeier de 18 Ernst Rudolf Huber 3 Otto Huth Anton Kiesselbach de 19 Georg Niemeier de 9 Walter Noddack 20 Johannes Stein de 3 Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker 3 Joachim Werner archaeologist 21 Karl Wimmer de 19 References edit a b c d e Aurelien Breeden 24 July 2022 A French University Confronts Medical Crimes and Its Nazi Past The New York Times Archived from the original on 24 July 2022 Teresa Wroblewska 2000 Die Reichsuniversitaten Posen Prag und Strassburg als Modelle nationalsozialistischer Hochschulen in den von Deutschland besetzten Gebieten in German Torun Adam Marszalek p 221 ISBN 9788371746741 a b c d e Forschung und Verbrechen with documentary film in German 18 December 2018 Michael H Kater 2006 Das Ahnenerbe der SS 1935 1945 Ein Beitrag zur Kulturpolitik des Dritten Reiches Studien zur Zeitgeschichte in German Vol 6 4th ed Munich Oldenbourg p 286 ISBN 978 3 486 57950 5 a b Frank Rutger Hausmann 2006 Hans Bender 1907 1991 und das Institut fur Psychologie und Klinische Psychologie an der Reichsuniversitat Strassburg 1941 1944 Grenzuberschreitungen Institut fur Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene in German Wurzburg Ergon p 15 ISBN 9783899135305 Horst Junginger 2008 Otto Huth In Ingo Haar Michael Fahlbusch eds Handbuch der volkischen Wissenschaften Personen Institutionen Forschungsprogramme Stiftungen PDF in German Munich Saur p 320 ISBN 9783598117787 Kater p 287 Horst Junginger 2008 Introduction In Horst Junginger ed The Study of Religion under the Impact of Fascism Numen Book Series Studies in the History of Religions Vol 117 Leiden Boston Brill p 25 ISBN 978 90 04 16326 3 a b Julien Reitzenstein 2018 Das SS Ahnenerbe und die Strassburger Schadelsammlung Fritz Bauers letzter Fall Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungen in German Vol 52 Berlin Dunckler amp Humblot pp 70 71 ISBN 978 3 428 55313 6 Wroblewska p 123 Patrick Wechsler 1991 La Faculte de medecine de la Reichsuniversitat Strassburg 1941 1945 a l heure nationale socialiste PhD medicine in French University of Strasbourg OCLC 1136994009 Soren Flachowsky Rudiger Hachtmann Florian Schmaltz eds 30 January 2017 Ressourcenmobilisierung Wissenschaftspolitik und Forschungspraxis im NS Herrschaftssystem in German Wallstein Verlag p 519 ISBN 9783835340046 Raphael Toledano May 2016 Anatomy in the Third Reich The Anatomical Institute of the Reichsuniversitat Strassburg and the deliveries of dead bodies Annals of Anatomy 205 128 44 doi 10 1016 j aanat 2016 03 006 PMID 27060203 Georges Yoram Federmann Le Cercle Menachem Taffel judaisme sdv fr in French Niklas Bender 23 June 2022 Reichsuniversitat Strassburg liess Haftlinge ermorden Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in German Burghard Weiss 2006 Der Kernphysiker Rudolf Fleischmann und die Medizin an der Reichsuniversitat Strassburg 1941 1944 NTM Journal of the History of Science Technology and Medicine in German 14 107 18 Klee Ernst 2005 Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich Wer war was vor und nach 1945 Frankfurt am Main Aktualisierte Ausgabe p 161 Aisling Shalvey 2022 Career Proximity to National Socialism and Post War Reception of Dr Kurt Hofmeier Director of the Children s Clinic at the Reichsuniversitat Strassburg 1941 1944 Revue d Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 54 1 253 68 doi 10 4000 allemagne 3050 S2CID 251169177 a b Kater p 248 Brigitte Van Tiggelen 2019 Ida Noddack the Eka Manganeses and Nuclear Fission In Annette Lykknes Brigitte Van Tiggelen eds Women In Their Element Selected Women s Contributions To The Periodic System Singapore World Scientific pp 219 20 ISBN 978 981 120 628 3 Hubert Fehr 2001 Hans Zeiss Joachim Werner und die archaologischen Forschungen zur Merowingerzeit In Heiko Steuer ed Eine hervorragend nationale Wissenschaft deutsche Prahistoriker zwischen 1900 und 1995 Erganzungsbande zum Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde in German Vol 29 Berlin De Gruyter p 346 ISBN 9783110864595 Further information edit Horst Kant 1997 Zur Geschichte der Physik an der Reichsuniversitat Strassburg in der Zeit des Zweiten Weltkrieges PDF in German Max Planck Institut fur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Archived from the original PDF on 2015 12 01 Herwig Schafer 1999 Juristische Lehre und Forschung an der Reichsuniversitat Strassburg 1941 1944 Beitrage zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20 Jahrhunderts in German Vol 23 Tubingen Mohr Siebeck ISBN 9783161470974 Joachim Lerchenmuller 2004 Die Reichsuniversitat Strassburg SD Wissenschaftspolitik und Wissenschaftlerkarrieren vor und nach 1945 In Karen Bayer Frank Sparing Wolfgang Woelk eds Universitaten und Hochschulen im Nationalsozialismus und in der fruhen Nachkriegszeit in German Stuttgart Steiner pp 53 79 ISBN 9783515081757 Christian Baechler Francois Igersheim Pierre Racine eds 2005 Les Reichsuniversitaten de Strasbourg et de Poznan et les resistances universitaires 1941 1944 Les Mondes germaniques Strasbourg University of Strasbourg ISBN 978 2868202680 in French and German Elisabeth T Crawford Josiane Olff Nathan eds 2005 La Science sous influence l universite de Strasbourg enjeu des conflits franco allemands 1872 1945 in French Strasbourg Nuee Bleue ISBN 9782716506441 Frank W Stahnisch 2016 Die Neurowissenschaften in Strassburg zwischen 1872 und 1945 Forschungstatigkeiten zwischen politischen und kulturellen Zasuren Sudhoffs Archiv in German 100 2 227 62 doi 10 25162 sudhoff 2016 0011 JSTOR 24913789 S2CID 211445792 Kirsten Esch 2018 Forschung und Verbrechen Die Reichsuniversitat Strassburg documentary film 42 mins 34 secs in German Deutsche Welle DokuFilm Rainer Mohler 2020 Die Reichsuniversitat Strassburg 1940 1944 eine nationalsozialistische Musteruniversitat zwischen Wissenschaft Volkstumspolitik und Verbrechen Veroffentlichungen der Kommission fur geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden Wurttemberg Reihe B Forschungen in German Vol 227 Stuttgart Kohlhammer ISBN 9783170380981 The Reichsuniversitat Strassbourg 1941 1944 Results of the research by the Historical Commission into the history of the Medical Faculty University of Strasbourg Christian Bonah Florian Schmaltz Paul Weindling eds 1 May 2022 La Faculte de medecine de la Reichsuniversiat Strassburg et l hopital civil sous l annexion de fait nationale socialiste 1940 1945 Rapport final de la Commission historique pour l histoire de la faculte de medecine de la Reichsuniversitat Strassburg 2017 2022 PDF in French University of Strasbourg Aisling Shalvey 2023 Pediatrics in the Reichsuniversitat Strassburg Children s Medicine at a Bastion of Nazi Ideology University of Exeter ISBN 9781804130896 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Reichsuniversitat Strassburg amp oldid 1172116167, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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