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Reformed confessions of faith

January 01, 1970

The reformed confessions of faith are the confessional documents of various Reformed churches. These express the doctrinal views of the churches adopting the confession. Confessions play a crucial part in the theological identity of reformed churches, either as standards to which ministers must subscribe, or more generally as accurate descriptions of their faith. Most confessions date to the 16th and 17th century.

The Westminster Confession. Title page, 1st ed.

Catechisms, canons, theses and other such documents may not be confessions per se, yet these still serve as symbols of the reformed faith.[1]

Confessions edit

 
The Belgic Confession.

Confessions state that church's beliefs in a full, while not exhaustive, way.

Continental Reformed edit

Presbyterian edit

 
The Westminster Confession and catechisms were produced by a committee rather than a single author.

Congregationalist edit

The presbyterians' Westminster was formed by an assembly of ministers called by parliament for use in the established churches of England and Scotland. For congregationalists, this was not the case. The difference in application of the congregationalists' primary confession, Savoy, is that it was written as a declaration of consensus, and as such it was not treated as morally binding upon church officers like Westminster for presbyterians[10] (called subscriptionism[11]).

Local congregational churches are historically formed around covenants (e.g. the Dedham Covenant), often unique to that church, another kind of confession.[1]

Baptist edit

Baptist confessions, like the congregationalists, are statements of agreement rather than enforceable rules. They "have never been held as tests of orthodoxy, as of any authoritative or binding force; they merely reflect the existing harmony of views and the scriptural interpretations of the churches assenting to them."[15]

Part of the baptist movement finds its origin in the nonconformist movement in England, observing Calvinistic theology with the presbyterians and congregationalists. Calvinistic baptists are called reformed or particular baptists. There are further subdivisions of reformed baptists, such as regular and primitive.

Baptist churches, like the congregationalists with whom they share views of polity, compose church covenants for the local congregation.[1]

Anglican edit

Anglican churches are not confessional in the same strict sense as in Lutheran churches.[18][19] Anglican doctrine is most defined by Lex orandi, lex credendi ("the law of praying [is] the law of believing").[20][21]

Methodist edit

  • Calvinistic Methodist Confession of Faith (1823)[26]

Catechisms edit

 
German Theologian Michael Landgraf portraying a reenactment of Zacharias Ursinus, principal author of the Heidelberg Catechism.

Catechisms are teaching tools in the church, usually in a question and answer format.

Continental edit

Presbyterian edit

Congregationalist edit

Baptist edit

Anglican edit

Constitutions, ordinals, and platforms of church order edit

 
The Synod of Dort was convened to respond to the Remonstrants.

These documents relate to the ecclesiastical polity of the church.

Continental edit

  • Church Order of Dort (1618)
  • Ecclesiastical Ordinances (1641)[28]

Presbyterian edit

Congregationalist edit

Occasional documents edit

 
The Consensus Tigurinus found common ground between Calvin in Geneva and Bullinger in Zurich.

These documents are less general in scope than a usual confession. They may confess that church's response to a theological controversy (e.g. the Canons of Dort) or seek to find common ground between discrete churches (e.g. the Consensus Tigurinus).

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 2. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rohls, Jan (1998) [1987]. Theologie reformierter Bekenntnisschriften [Reformed confessions: Theology from Zurich to Barmen] (in German). Translated by John Hoffmeyer. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 0-664-22078-9.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cochrane, Arthur C. (2003). Reformed Confessions of the Sixteenth Century. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22694-7.
  4. ^ Schaff, Philip (ed.). "Creeds of Christendom, Volume I." ccel.org. § 41. Retrieved 2024-04-18. It is, to a certain extent, also the Confession of the Reformed and the so-called Union Churches, in Germany, namely, with the explanations and modifications of the author himself in the edition of 1540
  5. ^ Carson, D. A. (27 January 2015). Themelios, Volume 36, Issue 2. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 313. ISBN 978-1-62564-954-6.
  6. ^ Scots Confession (1560). Confession of Faith Ratification Act (1560), (Acts of the Old Scottish Parliament). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aosp/1560/1.
  7. ^ "Confession of Faith: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church". opc.org. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  8. ^ Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (2004). (PDF). Louisville, Kentucky: The Office of the General Assembly. pp. 252–262. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  9. ^ Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (2004). (PDF). Louisville, Kentucky: The Office of the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  10. ^ Davies, Horton (1948). The worship of the English Puritans. Internet Archive. Westminster [London] : Dacre Press. p. 274.
  11. ^ "The Confessional Subscription Debate at Westminster Theological Seminary in California". opc.org. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  12. ^ a b c d "Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 103. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  13. ^ Bremer, Francis J.; Webster, Tom, Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2006, p. 354.
  14. ^ a b "Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 102. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  15. ^ a b c d "Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 105. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  16. ^ Gribben, Crawford. The Puritan Millennium: Literature and Theology, 1550–1682 (Revised Edition), Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2008, p. 252.
  17. ^ The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith, Documents, Reformed.
  18. ^ Turnbull, Richard (15 July 2010). Anglican and Evangelical?. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-1-4411-1475-4.
  19. ^ Avis, Paul (2013). The Anglican Understanding of the Church: An introduction. SPCK. pp. 65–. ISBN 978-0-281-06815-9.
  20. ^ Earey, Mark (2013). Beyond Common Worship: Anglican Identity and Liturgical Diversity. SCM Press. pp. 100–. ISBN 978-0-334-04739-1.
  21. ^ Platten, Stephen; Woods, Christopher (2012). Comfortable Words: Polity, Piety and the Book of Common Prayer. Hymns Ancient and Modern. pp. 142–. ISBN 978-0-334-04670-7.
  22. ^ a b "Reformed Confessions of the 16th and 17th Centuries in English Translation: Volume 2, 1552–1566". The Gospel Coalition. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  23. ^ Muller, Richard A. (2004). "John Calvin and later Calvinism". In Bagchi, David; Steinmetz, David C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-52177-662-2.
  24. ^ Schaff, Philip (1877). The Creeds of Christendom: The history of creeds. Harper.
  25. ^ (PDF). Louisville, Kentucky: Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). 2004 [1646]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
  26. ^ at the Wayback Machine (archived July 27, 2011)
  27. ^ "Reformed Confessions of the 16th and 17th Centuries in English Translation: Volume 1, 1523–1552". The Gospel Coalition. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  28. ^ Calvin, Jean; Reid, J. K. S. (John Kelman Sutherland) (1977). Calvin: theological treatises. Internet Archive. Philadelphia : Westminster Press. pp. 56–72. ISBN 978-0-664-24156-8.
  29. ^ Walker 1894, pp. 114, 221.

January 01, 1970
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The reformed confessions of faith are the confessional documents of various Reformed churches These express the doctrinal views of the churches adopting the confession Confessions play a crucial part in the theological identity of reformed churches either as standards to which ministers must subscribe or more generally as accurate descriptions of their faith Most confessions date to the 16th and 17th century The Westminster Confession Title page 1st ed Catechisms canons theses and other such documents may not be confessions per se yet these still serve as symbols of the reformed faith 1 Contents 1 Confessions 1 1 Continental Reformed 1 2 Presbyterian 1 3 Congregationalist 1 4 Baptist 1 5 Anglican 1 6 Methodist 2 Catechisms 2 1 Continental 2 2 Presbyterian 2 3 Congregationalist 2 4 Baptist 2 5 Anglican 3 Constitutions ordinals and platforms of church order 3 1 Continental 3 2 Presbyterian 3 3 Congregationalist 4 Occasional documents 5 ReferencesConfessions edit nbsp The Belgic Confession Confessions state that church s beliefs in a full while not exhaustive way Continental Reformed edit Confession of the East Friesland Preachers 1528 2 15 Tetrapolitan Confession 1530 Synodical Declaration of Bern 1532 2 13 First Confession of Basel 1534 3 First Helvetic Confession Second Confession of Basel 1536 3 Geneva Confession 1536 3 Altered Augsburg Confession 1540 4 Confession of the English Congregation at Geneva 1556 3 Guanabara Confession of Faith 1558 5 Authored by Huguenots in South America French Confession of Faith 1559 Confession of the Christian Faith 1559 2 19 Belgic Confession 1561 Second Helvetic Confession 1562 Erlauthal Confession 1562 2 18 Hungarian Confession 1562 2 19 Confession of Nassau 1578 2 21 Bremen Consensus 1595 2 21 Sigismund Confession 1614 2 21 Theological Declaration of Barmen 1934 Belhar Confession 1986 First adopted in South Africa and since adopted by many mainline Reformed churches Presbyterian edit nbsp The Westminster Confession and catechisms were produced by a committee rather than a single author Scots Confession 1560 6 Westminster Confession of Faith 1646 7 Confession of 1967 8 Brief Statement of Faith 1991 9 Congregationalist edit The presbyterians Westminster was formed by an assembly of ministers called by parliament for use in the established churches of England and Scotland For congregationalists this was not the case The difference in application of the congregationalists primary confession Savoy is that it was written as a declaration of consensus and as such it was not treated as morally binding upon church officers like Westminster for presbyterians 10 called subscriptionism 11 Local congregational churches are historically formed around covenants e g the Dedham Covenant often unique to that church another kind of confession 1 Westminster Confession of Faith 1646 Though not produced by congregationalists the Synod of Cambridge 1648 adopted the WCF without revision only referring to their own Cambridge Platform regarding church government ch XXV XXX and XXXI 12 Savoy Declaration 1658 13 14 Adopted in America as the Saybrook 1708 12 The Declaration of 1833 14 Declaration of Faith 1865 12 Baptist edit Baptist confessions like the congregationalists are statements of agreement rather than enforceable rules They have never been held as tests of orthodoxy as of any authoritative or binding force they merely reflect the existing harmony of views and the scriptural interpretations of the churches assenting to them 15 Part of the baptist movement finds its origin in the nonconformist movement in England observing Calvinistic theology with the presbyterians and congregationalists Calvinistic baptists are called reformed or particular baptists There are further subdivisions of reformed baptists such as regular and primitive Baptist churches like the congregationalists with whom they share views of polity compose church covenants for the local congregation 1 First London Baptist Confession 1644 16 The Confession of Somerset 1656 15 Second London Baptist Confession 1689 17 Adopted in America as the Philadelphia Confession 1742 15 New Hampshire Confession 1833 or 1844 15 Baptist Affirmation of Faith 1966 Anglican edit Anglican churches are not confessional in the same strict sense as in Lutheran churches 18 19 Anglican doctrine is most defined by Lex orandi lex credendi the law of praying is the law of believing 20 21 Forty two Articles 1553 22 Thirty Nine Articles 1562 63 23 22 Lambeth Articles Irish Articles of 1615 24 Westminster Confession of Faith 25 1646 Produced by the Church of England during the English Civil War Methodist edit Calvinistic Methodist Confession of Faith 1823 26 Catechisms edit nbsp German Theologian Michael Landgraf portraying a reenactment of Zacharias Ursinus principal author of the Heidelberg Catechism Catechisms are teaching tools in the church usually in a question and answer format Continental edit Genevan Catechism 1541 Emden Catechism 1554 2 15 Heidelberg Catechism 1563 Wittenberg Catechism 1571 2 21 Presbyterian edit Westminster Shorter Catechism 1649 Westminster Larger Catechism 1649 Congregationalist edit Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes 1656 Baptist edit Keach s Catechism 1677 Anglican edit Anglican Catechism 1549 27 Found within the Book of Common PrayerConstitutions ordinals and platforms of church order edit nbsp The Synod of Dort was convened to respond to the Remonstrants These documents relate to the ecclesiastical polity of the church Continental edit Church Order of Dort 1618 Ecclesiastical Ordinances 1641 28 Presbyterian edit Form of Presbyterial Church Government 1645 Congregationalist edit Cambridge Platform 1648 29 Platform of Discipline of the Savoy Declaration 1658 Full title Of the Institution of Churches and the Order appointed in them by Jesus Christ Fifteen Articles of the Saybrook Platform 1708 Boston Platform 1865 12 Occasional documents edit nbsp The Consensus Tigurinus found common ground between Calvin in Geneva and Bullinger in Zurich These documents are less general in scope than a usual confession They may confess that church s response to a theological controversy e g the Canons of Dort or seek to find common ground between discrete churches e g the Consensus Tigurinus Zwingli s Sixty Seven Articles 1523 3 Ten Theses of Berne 1528 3 Lausanne Articles 1536 3 Zurich Consensus 1549 2 14 Sendomir Consensus 1570 2 19 Harmony of the Confessions of Faith 1581 a response to the Lutheran Formula of Concord Canons of Dort 1619 Helvetic Consensus 1675 Conclusions of Utrecht 1905 References edit a b c Philip Schaff Creeds of Christendom with a History and Critical notes Volume I The History of Creeds Christian Classics Ethereal Library ccel org 2 Retrieved 2024 03 07 a b c d e f g h i j k l Rohls Jan 1998 1987 Theologie reformierter Bekenntnisschriften Reformed confessions Theology from Zurich to Barmen in German Translated by John Hoffmeyer Louisville Kentucky Westminster John Knox Press ISBN 0 664 22078 9 a b c d e f g Cochrane Arthur C 2003 Reformed Confessions of the Sixteenth Century Louisville KY Westminster John Knox Press ISBN 978 0 664 22694 7 Schaff Philip ed Creeds of Christendom Volume I ccel org 41 Retrieved 2024 04 18 It is to a certain extent also the Confession of the Reformed and the so called Union Churches in Germany namely with the explanations and modifications of the author himself in the edition of 1540 Carson D A 27 January 2015 Themelios Volume 36 Issue 2 Wipf and Stock Publishers p 313 ISBN 978 1 62564 954 6 Scots Confession 1560 Confession of Faith Ratification Act 1560 Acts of the Old Scottish Parliament https www legislation gov uk aosp 1560 1 Confession of Faith The Orthodox Presbyterian Church opc org Retrieved 2023 11 13 Presbyterian Church U S A 2004 Book of Confessions Confession of 1967 PDF Louisville Kentucky The Office of the General Assembly pp 252 262 Archived from the original PDF on 2009 08 11 Retrieved 2023 11 13 Presbyterian Church U S A 2004 Book of Confessions PDF Louisville Kentucky The Office of the General Assembly Presbyterian Church U S A Archived from the original PDF on 2009 08 11 Retrieved 2023 11 13 Davies Horton 1948 The worship of the English Puritans Internet Archive Westminster London Dacre Press p 274 The Confessional Subscription Debate at Westminster Theological Seminary in California opc org Retrieved 2024 03 07 a b c d Philip Schaff Creeds of Christendom with a History and Critical notes Volume I The History of Creeds Christian Classics Ethereal Library ccel org 103 Retrieved 2024 03 07 Bremer Francis J Webster Tom Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America A Comprehensive Encyclopedia Volume 1 ABC CLIO USA 2006 p 354 a b Philip Schaff Creeds of Christendom with a History and Critical notes Volume I The History of Creeds Christian Classics Ethereal Library ccel org 102 Retrieved 2024 03 07 a b c d Philip Schaff Creeds of Christendom with a History and Critical notes Volume I The History of Creeds Christian Classics Ethereal Library ccel org 105 Retrieved 2024 03 07 Gribben Crawford The Puritan Millennium Literature and Theology 1550 1682 Revised Edition Wipf and Stock Publishers USA 2008 p 252 The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith Documents Reformed Turnbull Richard 15 July 2010 Anglican and Evangelical Bloomsbury Publishing pp 45 ISBN 978 1 4411 1475 4 Avis Paul 2013 The Anglican Understanding of the Church An introduction SPCK pp 65 ISBN 978 0 281 06815 9 Earey Mark 2013 Beyond Common Worship Anglican Identity and Liturgical Diversity SCM Press pp 100 ISBN 978 0 334 04739 1 Platten Stephen Woods Christopher 2012 Comfortable Words Polity Piety and the Book of Common Prayer Hymns Ancient and Modern pp 142 ISBN 978 0 334 04670 7 a b Reformed Confessions of the 16th and 17th Centuries in English Translation Volume 2 1552 1566 The Gospel Coalition Retrieved 2024 03 07 Muller Richard A 2004 John Calvin and later Calvinism In Bagchi David Steinmetz David C eds The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology New York Cambridge University Press p 135 ISBN 978 0 52177 662 2 Schaff Philip 1877 The Creeds of Christendom The history of creeds Harper Confessions of Faith The Westminster Confession of Faith PDF Louisville Kentucky Presbyterian Church U S A 2004 1646 Archived from the original PDF on 2009 08 11 Retrieved 2023 11 13 Confession of Faith of the Calvinistic Methodists or the Presbyterians of Wales at the Wayback Machine archived July 27 2011 Reformed Confessions of the 16th and 17th Centuries in English Translation Volume 1 1523 1552 The Gospel Coalition Retrieved 2024 03 07 Calvin Jean Reid J K S John Kelman Sutherland 1977 Calvin theological treatises Internet Archive Philadelphia Westminster Press pp 56 72 ISBN 978 0 664 24156 8 Walker 1894 pp 114 221 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Reformed confessions of faith amp oldid 1219493565, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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