Red fluorescent protein (RFP) is a fluorophore that fluoresces red-orange when excited. Several variants have been developed using directed mutagenesis.[1] The original was isolated from Discosoma, and named DsRed. Others are now available that fluoresce orange, red, and far-red.[2]
Bioluminescence response to local Ca2+ after intraperitoneal injection of recombinant tdTA in an anesthetized mouse. An overlay of the mouse reflection image (grayscale) and Ca2+-induced bioluminescence (red pseudocolor) is shown.
Issues with fluorescent proteins include the length of time between protein synthesis and expression of fluorescence. DsRed has an maturation time of around 24 hours,[1] which can make it unusable for many experiments that take place in a shorter time frame. Additionally, DsRed exists in a tetrameric form, which can affect the function of proteins to which it is attached. Genetic engineering has improved the utility of RFP by increasing the speed of fluorescent development and creating monomeric variants.[3][4] Improved variants of RFP include mFruits (mCherry, mOrange, mRaspberry), mKO, TagRFP, mKate, mRuby, FusionRed, mScarlet and DsRed-Express.[4][5]
^ abBevis, Brooke J.; Glick, Benjamin S. (2002). "Rapidly maturing variants of the Discosoma red fluorescent protein (DsRed)". Nature Biotechnology. 20 (1): 83–87. doi:10.1038/nbt0102-83. ISSN 1546-1696. PMID 11753367. S2CID 20320166.
^Miyawaki, Atsushi; Shcherbakova, Daria M; Verkhusha, Vladislav V (October 2012). "Red fluorescent proteins: chromophore formation and cellular applications". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 22 (5): 679–688. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2012.09.002. ISSN 0959-440X. PMC3737244. PMID 23000031.
^ abRemington, S. James (1 January 2002). "Negotiating the speed bumps to fluorescence". Nature Biotechnology. 20 (1): 28–29. doi:10.1038/nbt0102-28. PMID 11753356. S2CID 37021603.
^ abcPiatkevich, Kiryl D.; Verkhusha, Vladislav V. (2011). "Guide to Red Fluorescent Proteins and Biosensors for Flow Cytometry". Methods in Cell Biology. 102: 431–461. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374912-3.00017-1. ISBN9780123749123. ISSN 0091-679X. PMC3987785. PMID 21704849.
^Bindels, Daphne S; Haarbosch, Lindsay (2017). "mScarlet: a bright monomeric red fluorescent protein for cellular imaging". Nature Methods. 14 (1): 53–56. doi:10.1038/nmeth.4074. ISSN 1548-7105. PMID 27869816. S2CID 3539874.
^Böhm I, Gehrke S, Kleb B, Hungerbühler M, Müller R, Klose KJ, Alfke H (2019). "Monitoring of tumor burden in vivo by optical imaging in a xenograft SCID mouse model: evaluation of two fluorescent proteins of the GFP-superfamily". Acta Radiol. 60 (3): 315–326. doi:10.1177/0284185118780896. PMID 29890843. S2CID 48353442.
External links
DsRed on FPBase
February 26, 2023
fluorescent, protein, fluorophore, that, fluoresces, orange, when, excited, several, variants, have, been, developed, using, directed, mutagenesis, original, isolated, from, discosoma, named, dsred, others, available, that, fluoresce, orange, source, source, s. Red fluorescent protein RFP is a fluorophore that fluoresces red orange when excited Several variants have been developed using directed mutagenesis 1 The original was isolated from Discosoma and named DsRed Others are now available that fluoresce orange red and far red 2 source source source source source source Bioluminescence response to local Ca2 after intraperitoneal injection of recombinant tdTA in an anesthetized mouse An overlay of the mouse reflection image grayscale and Ca2 induced bioluminescence red pseudocolor is shown Red fluorescent protein drFP583IdentifiersOrganismDiscosoma sp Symbol UniProtQ9U6Y8Search forStructuresSwiss modelDomainsInterProRFP is approximately 25 9 kDa The excitation maximum is 558 nm and the emission maximum is 583 nm 3 The first fluorescent protein to be discovered green fluorescent protein GFP has been adapted to identify and develop fluorescent markers in other colors Variants such as yellow fluorescent protein YFP and cyan fluorescent protein CFP were discovered in Anthozoa 4 Issues with fluorescent proteins include the length of time between protein synthesis and expression of fluorescence DsRed has an maturation time of around 24 hours 1 which can make it unusable for many experiments that take place in a shorter time frame Additionally DsRed exists in a tetrameric form which can affect the function of proteins to which it is attached Genetic engineering has improved the utility of RFP by increasing the speed of fluorescent development and creating monomeric variants 3 4 Improved variants of RFP include mFruits mCherry mOrange mRaspberry mKO TagRFP mKate mRuby FusionRed mScarlet and DsRed Express 4 5 DsRed has been shown to be more suitable for optical imaging approaches than EGFP 6 References Edit a b Bevis Brooke J Glick Benjamin S 2002 Rapidly maturing variants of the Discosoma red fluorescent protein DsRed Nature Biotechnology 20 1 83 87 doi 10 1038 nbt0102 83 ISSN 1546 1696 PMID 11753367 S2CID 20320166 Miyawaki Atsushi Shcherbakova Daria M Verkhusha Vladislav V October 2012 Red fluorescent proteins chromophore formation and cellular applications Current Opinion in Structural Biology 22 5 679 688 doi 10 1016 j sbi 2012 09 002 ISSN 0959 440X PMC 3737244 PMID 23000031 a b Remington S James 1 January 2002 Negotiating the speed bumps to fluorescence Nature Biotechnology 20 1 28 29 doi 10 1038 nbt0102 28 PMID 11753356 S2CID 37021603 a b c Piatkevich Kiryl D Verkhusha Vladislav V 2011 Guide to Red Fluorescent Proteins and Biosensors for Flow Cytometry Methods in Cell Biology 102 431 461 doi 10 1016 B978 0 12 374912 3 00017 1 ISBN 9780123749123 ISSN 0091 679X PMC 3987785 PMID 21704849 Bindels Daphne S Haarbosch Lindsay 2017 mScarlet a bright monomeric red fluorescent protein for cellular imaging Nature Methods 14 1 53 56 doi 10 1038 nmeth 4074 ISSN 1548 7105 PMID 27869816 S2CID 3539874 Bohm I Gehrke S Kleb B Hungerbuhler M Muller R Klose KJ Alfke H 2019 Monitoring of tumor burden in vivo by optical imaging in a xenograft SCID mouse model evaluation of two fluorescent proteins of the GFP superfamily Acta Radiol 60 3 315 326 doi 10 1177 0284185118780896 PMID 29890843 S2CID 48353442 External links EditDsRed on FPBase Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Red fluorescent protein amp oldid 1124598714, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
