Recurrent brief depression (RBD) defines a mental disorder characterized by intermittent depressive episodes, not related to menstrual cycles in women, occurring between approximately 6–12 times per year, over at least one year or more fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes (DSM-IV and ICD-10) except for duration in which RBD is less than 14 days (typically 5–7 days).[1] Despite the short duration of the depressive episodes, such episodes are severe, and suicidal ideation and impaired function is rather common. The majority of patients with RBD also report symptoms of anxiety and increased irritability. Hypersomnia is also rather frequent. About 1/2 of patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for RBD may have additional short episodes of brief hypomania, which is a severity marker of RBD. RBD may be the only mental disorder present, however RBD may also occur as part of a history of recurrent major depressive episodes or bipolar disorders. RBD is also seen among some patients with personality disorders.
Due to the lack of studies for RBD, the results for prevalence vary widely. The lifetime prevalence of RBD has been estimated at 16%, and the one-year prevalence at 5%.[2] The World Health Organization project on "Psychological problems in general health care", which was based on primary care samples, reported a one-year prevalence of 3.7 – 9.9%. However none of these studies differentiate between RBD with and without a history of other mood disorders (e.g. major depression). DSM-IV field trial estimated the lifetime of RBD only to be about 2%.
Causeedit
The cause of RBD is unknown, but recent findings may suggest a link between RBD and bipolar disorders, pointing to the importance of genetic factors. A small subgroup of patients with RBD have temporal lobe epilepsy.[3]
Treatmentedit
Both psychotherapy as well as different drugs (e.g. serotonin reuptake inhibitors – SSRIs or mood stabilizers, e.g. lithium, antiepileptics) have been suggested as treatments. However, no randomized controlled treatment trial of RBD has been conducted.
Historyedit
Disorders characterized by periods with depressive episodes lasting hours to days have been described since 1852 and have been labelled "periodic melancholia", "intermittent depressive disorder" or "brief depression". The third version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1980), which relied heavily on findings from studies conducted in psychiatric in- and out-patient settings, required at least 14 days duration for a diagnosis of depression. No diagnostic category was allocated a depressive episode of shorter duration. Thus, intermittent depressive disorder, included in the Research Diagnostic Criteria (1975) was considered to identify minor versions of major depression ("minor depression") and not included in the DSM-III.
However, based on data from epidemiological studies, the Swiss psychiatrist and researcher, Jules Angst, coined the concept "recurrent brief depression" (RBD) and provided diagnostic criteria for this type of mood disorder in 1985. Several other European studies independently confirmed the occurrence of RBD in the general population and clinical samples. RBD was thus included in the 10th classification of mental and behavioral disorders (ICD-10 F38.1) published by the World Health Organization in 1992 (WHO, 1992; WHO, 1993). Less frequent episodes of brief depressions were labelled "infrequent brief depression" and not included in ICD-10. The American classification system of mental disorders, DSM-IV (1994), provided provisional diagnostic criteria for RBD, but decided to await further studies before including RBD in the classification system. As of 2022, Recurrent Brief Depression is listed under "Other Specified Depressive Disorder" in the DSM-5-TR.
Referencesedit
^Montgomery, S. A.; Montgomery, D. (September 1992). "Features of recurrent brief depression". L'Encephale. 18 Spec No 4: 521–523. ISSN 0013-7006. PMID 1308849.
^Angst, J.; Hochstrasser, B. (April 1994). "Recurrent brief depression: the Zurich Study". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 55 Suppl: 3–9. ISSN 0160-6689. PMID 8077170.
W. Maier's Article on RBD in Primary Care Settings
April 11, 2024
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Recurrent brief depression news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Recurrent brief depression RBD defines a mental disorder characterized by intermittent depressive episodes not related to menstrual cycles in women occurring between approximately 6 12 times per year over at least one year or more fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes DSM IV and ICD 10 except for duration in which RBD is less than 14 days typically 5 7 days 1 Despite the short duration of the depressive episodes such episodes are severe and suicidal ideation and impaired function is rather common The majority of patients with RBD also report symptoms of anxiety and increased irritability Hypersomnia is also rather frequent About 1 2 of patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for RBD may have additional short episodes of brief hypomania which is a severity marker of RBD RBD may be the only mental disorder present however RBD may also occur as part of a history of recurrent major depressive episodes or bipolar disorders RBD is also seen among some patients with personality disorders Recurrent brief depressionOther namesPeriodic melancholia intermittent depressive disorderMelancholy by French artist Edgar Degas 1874 SpecialtyPsychiatry clinical psychologySymptomsLow mood anhedonia impaired function suicidal ideation irritability anxiety hypersomniaComplicationsHypomania self harm suicideDuration2 13 days for 6 12 times per yearDifferential diagnosisMajor Depressive Disorder Dysthymia Bipolar Disorder Borderline Personality DisorderTreatmentPsychotherapy psychopharmacologyFrequency 9 lifetime risk 5 12 month risk Contents 1 Prevalence 2 Cause 3 Treatment 4 History 5 References 6 External linksPrevalence editDue to the lack of studies for RBD the results for prevalence vary widely The lifetime prevalence of RBD has been estimated at 16 and the one year prevalence at 5 2 The World Health Organization project on Psychological problems in general health care which was based on primary care samples reported a one year prevalence of 3 7 9 9 However none of these studies differentiate between RBD with and without a history of other mood disorders e g major depression DSM IV field trial estimated the lifetime of RBD only to be about 2 Cause editThe cause of RBD is unknown but recent findings may suggest a link between RBD and bipolar disorders pointing to the importance of genetic factors A small subgroup of patients with RBD have temporal lobe epilepsy 3 Treatment editBoth psychotherapy as well as different drugs e g serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs or mood stabilizers e g lithium antiepileptics have been suggested as treatments However no randomized controlled treatment trial of RBD has been conducted History editDisorders characterized by periods with depressive episodes lasting hours to days have been described since 1852 and have been labelled periodic melancholia intermittent depressive disorder or brief depression The third version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1980 which relied heavily on findings from studies conducted in psychiatric in and out patient settings required at least 14 days duration for a diagnosis of depression No diagnostic category was allocated a depressive episode of shorter duration Thus intermittent depressive disorder included in the Research Diagnostic Criteria 1975 was considered to identify minor versions of major depression minor depression and not included in the DSM III However based on data from epidemiological studies the Swiss psychiatrist and researcher Jules Angst coined the concept recurrent brief depression RBD and provided diagnostic criteria for this type of mood disorder in 1985 Several other European studies independently confirmed the occurrence of RBD in the general population and clinical samples RBD was thus included in the 10th classification of mental and behavioral disorders ICD 10 F38 1 published by the World Health Organization in 1992 WHO 1992 WHO 1993 Less frequent episodes of brief depressions were labelled infrequent brief depression and not included in ICD 10 The American classification system of mental disorders DSM IV 1994 provided provisional diagnostic criteria for RBD but decided to await further studies before including RBD in the classification system As of 2022 Recurrent Brief Depression is listed under Other Specified Depressive Disorder in the DSM 5 TR References edit Montgomery S A Montgomery D September 1992 Features of recurrent brief depression L Encephale 18 Spec No 4 521 523 ISSN 0013 7006 PMID 1308849 Angst J Hochstrasser B April 1994 Recurrent brief depression the Zurich Study The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 55 Suppl 3 9 ISSN 0160 6689 PMID 8077170 Depression Epilepsy Foundation Retrieved 2023 04 02 External links editJ Angst s Editorial on RBD History W Maier s Article on RBD in Primary Care Settings Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Recurrent brief depression amp oldid 1151772908, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
