The original RST required participants to read series of unconnected sentences aloud and to remember the final word of each sentence of a series (grouped according to the total number of sentences). With each sentence presented on a card, participants were cued to recall the memorized end-of-sentence words in their original order by a blank card at the end of a series. The number of sentences of a series was incrementally increased until a participant's reading span, or the maximum number of final words correctly recalled, was found.
The reading span task was the first instance of the family of "complex span" tasks (as opposed to "simple span" tasks). It is a complex verbal test because it draws upon both storage and processing (i.e., reading) elements of working memory, while simple verbal tests (e.g., word span) require the storage element alone.[2]
Variantsedit
Besides the "listening span" variant also developed by Daneman and Carpenter,[1] several variants have been developed in recent years based upon the RST.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Van den Noort et al. created a computerized version of the test, which, when tested among four different languages (Dutch, English, German, and Norwegian), was shown to meet strict methodological criteria of the original RST and yielded similar results. This allowed direct comparisons of RST results to be made across different language groups.[10]
Problemsedit
In an attempt to formulate a standardized version of the RST, numerous problems with both the original and variants have been critically examined.
Findingsedit
Daneman and Carpenter found that reading span was much more strongly related to reading comprehension than word span. Later research corroborated the finding that reading span is more closely related to language comprehension than word span.[11]
^Lobley, K.J., Baddeley, A.D., & Gathercole, S.E. (2005). Phonological similarity effects in verbal complex span. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58A, 1462–1478.
^Desmette, D., Hupet, M., Schelstraete, M.A., & Van der Linden, M. (1995). Adaptation en langue française du "Reading Span Test" de Daneman et Carpenter. [A French adaptation of Daneman and Carpenter's "Reading Span Test"] L'Année Psychologique, 95, 459–482.
^Kondo, H., & Osaka, N. (2004). Effect of concreteness of target word on verbal working memory: An evaluation using Japanese version of reading span test. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 71, 51–56.
^LaPointe, L.B., & Engle, R.W. (1990). Simple and complex word spans as measures of working memory capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 1118–1133.
^Payne, J.S., & Whitney, P.J. (2002). Developing L2 oral proficiency through synchronous CMC: Output, working memory, and interlanguage development. CALICO Journal, 20(1), 7–32.
^Whitney, P., Ritchie, B.G., & Clark, M.B. (1991). Working memory capacity and the use of inferences in text comprehension. Discourse Processes, 14, 133–145.
^Whitney, P., Arnett, P.A., Driver, A., & Budd, D. (2001). Measuring central executive functioning: What's in a reading span?. Brain and Cognition, 45, 1–14.
^van den Noort, Maurits; Bosch, Peggy; Haverkort, Marco; Hugdahl, Kenneth (2008). "A Standard Computerized Version of the Reading Span Test in Different Languages". European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 24 (1): 35–42. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.24.1.35.
^van den Noort, Maurits; Bosch, Peggy; Haverkort, Marco; Hugdahl, Kenneth (January 21, 2008). "A Standard Computerized Version of the Reading Span Test in Different Languages". European Journal of Psychological Assessment: 35–42.
^Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and language comprehension: a meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 422–433.
External linksedit
A reading-span task variant implemented using flash.
December 15, 2023
reading, span, task, reading, span, task, common, memory, span, task, widely, cited, adapted, investigations, working, memory, cognitive, processing, reading, comprehension, that, first, published, meredyth, daneman, patricia, carpenter, 1980, verbal, working,. The reading span task RST is a common memory span task widely cited in and adapted for investigations of working memory cognitive processing and reading comprehension that was first published by Meredyth Daneman and Patricia Carpenter in 1980 1 It is a verbal working memory test Contents 1 Task 1 1 Original 1 2 Variants 1 3 Problems 2 Findings 3 References 4 External linksTask editOriginal edit The original RST required participants to read series of unconnected sentences aloud and to remember the final word of each sentence of a series grouped according to the total number of sentences With each sentence presented on a card participants were cued to recall the memorized end of sentence words in their original order by a blank card at the end of a series The number of sentences of a series was incrementally increased until a participant s reading span or the maximum number of final words correctly recalled was found The reading span task was the first instance of the family of complex span tasks as opposed to simple span tasks It is a complex verbal test because it draws upon both storage and processing i e reading elements of working memory while simple verbal tests e g word span require the storage element alone 2 Variants edit Besides the listening span variant also developed by Daneman and Carpenter 1 several variants have been developed in recent years based upon the RST 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Van den Noort et al created a computerized version of the test which when tested among four different languages Dutch English German and Norwegian was shown to meet strict methodological criteria of the original RST and yielded similar results This allowed direct comparisons of RST results to be made across different language groups 10 Problems edit In an attempt to formulate a standardized version of the RST numerous problems with both the original and variants have been critically examined Findings editDaneman and Carpenter found that reading span was much more strongly related to reading comprehension than word span Later research corroborated the finding that reading span is more closely related to language comprehension than word span 11 References edit a b Daneman M amp Carpenter P A 1980 Individual differences in working memory and reading Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 19 4 450 466 Lobley K J Baddeley A D amp Gathercole S E 2005 Phonological similarity effects in verbal complex span The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 58A 1462 1478 Desmette D Hupet M Schelstraete M A amp Van der Linden M 1995 Adaptation en langue francaise du Reading Span Test de Daneman et Carpenter A French adaptation of Daneman and Carpenter s Reading Span Test L Annee Psychologique 95 459 482 Kondo H amp Osaka N 2004 Effect of concreteness of target word on verbal working memory An evaluation using Japanese version of reading span test Japanese Journal of Psychology 71 51 56 LaPointe L B amp Engle R W 1990 Simple and complex word spans as measures of working memory capacity Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 16 1118 1133 Payne J S amp Whitney P J 2002 Developing L2 oral proficiency through synchronous CMC Output working memory and interlanguage development CALICO Journal 20 1 7 32 Whitney P Ritchie B G amp Clark M B 1991 Working memory capacity and the use of inferences in text comprehension Discourse Processes 14 133 145 Whitney P Arnett P A Driver A amp Budd D 2001 Measuring central executive functioning What s in a reading span Brain and Cognition 45 1 14 van den Noort Maurits Bosch Peggy Haverkort Marco Hugdahl Kenneth 2008 A Standard Computerized Version of the Reading Span Test in Different Languages European Journal of Psychological Assessment 24 1 35 42 doi 10 1027 1015 5759 24 1 35 van den Noort Maurits Bosch Peggy Haverkort Marco Hugdahl Kenneth January 21 2008 A Standard Computerized Version of the Reading Span Test in Different Languages European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35 42 Daneman M amp Merikle P M 1996 Working memory and language comprehension a meta analysis Psychonomic Bulletin amp Review 3 422 433 External links editA reading span task variant implemented using flash Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Reading span task amp oldid 1142762904, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
