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Raphaël-Georges Lévy

January 01, 1970

Raphaël-Georges Lévy (24 February 1853 – 8 December 1933) was a French banker, economist and politician. He taught for many years at the École libre des sciences politiques. He had liberal economic beliefs, including support for free trade and central bank independence. He was a Senator of Seine from 1920 to 1927.

Raphaël-Georges Lévy
Raphaël-Georges Lévy in 1921
Senator of Seine
In office
11 January 1920 – 8 January 1927
Personal details
Born(1853-02-24)24 February 1853
Paris, France
Died8 December 1933(1933-12-08) (aged 80)
Paris, France
OccupationEconomist, politician

Early years (1853–70) edit

Raphaël-Georges Lévy was born on 24 February 1853 in Paris.[1] His parents were Benjamin Lévy and Eugénie Bamberger.[2] His father was an inspector-general of public instruction.[1] His mother Eugénie Bamberger (1828-1904), known as Jenny, was the daughter of August Bamberger and Amelie Bischoffsheim, of the Bischoffsheim family of bankers.[3] His uncle, the banker Henri Bamberger, was co-founder of the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas.[1] He was related to Marcel Proust through his sister Marguerite (née Lévy, 1859-1926), wife of Daniel Mayer, the first cousin of Proust's mother.[4][a]

Raphaël-Georges Lévy grew up in an intellectual environment. He attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, graduating with first prize in mathematics and a prize of honour in rhetoric, which earned him the personal congratulations of Napoleon III. After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 he obtained a degree in Law.[1]

Businessman and academic (1870–1914) edit

Lévy joined his uncle's Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas, where he was responsible for a number of foreign inquiries in which he showed his business acumen. He was interested in turn in South African gold mines, the Crédit Mobilier, the Franco-Chinese economic association and the Channel Tunnel. He left banking and taught at the Association des cours commerciaux, then the Ecole supérieure d'enseignement financier and finally at the Ecole libre des sciences politiques. He spent 30 years at this last school, where he became one of the most eminent professors. He became a municipal councilor for Deauville in 1900.[1]

On 4 January 1882 Lévy married Marguerite Augustine Halphen (1861-1929) in Paris. Their daughter was Suzanne Guillemette Ernesta Lévy (1884-1955).[2] Lévy became president of various learned societies such as the Société de statistique.[1] He was elected a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques in 1913.[4]

World War I (1914–18) edit

With the outbreak of World War I (1914-18) Lévy remained in Paris and converted his town house into a military hospital, keeping two modest rooms for himself and his wife. From 1914 to 1919 this hospital treated soldiers at Lévy's expense. He was assisted at the hospital by Antoine-Louis Cornette, founder of the Scouts de France. On 9 February 1917 Le Figaro reported that by a large majority Levy had been elected president of the Societe d'Économie politique. The society had two presidents. Yves Guyot had replaced Paul Leroy-Beaulieu as the first president.[5]

Postwar career (1919–33) edit

Lévy was elected Senator for the Seine department on 11 January 1920. He joined the Finance Committee, and for five years was rapporteur of the budget of the liberated regions. In 1923 he called for two years of military service. He supported liberal economic policies, and was opposed to laws preventing export of capital, against excessive taxes on securities which would threaten savings, and against obstacles to the wheat trade. He presented many reports, including reports on reminting silver coins, the Moroccan loan and the proposed borrowing by the city of Paris and department of the Seine. Due to declining health he did not seek reelection in 1927.[1] He left office on 8 January 1927.[6]

Lévy was able to continue to attend the sessions of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques until 1930. In the last three year of his life he did not leave his Paris town house. This became a literary and artistic salon, where he was visited by the King of Belgium and the President of the Chinese Republic.[1] Raphaël-Georges Lévy died on 8 December 1933 in Paris. He was an officer of the Order of the Crown (Romania), grand officer of the Order of the Crown (Belgium), grand officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy, commander of the Order of Christ (Portugal).[1]

Publications edit

Lévy published many books on economics, but his first publication was a volume of poems inspired by Alfred de Musset.[4] He contributed to the Revue des deux Mondes, Revue d'économie politique, Journal des économistes and L'Economiste français and wrote many books.[1] In 1896 he proposed creation of an international issuing bank with its headquarters in Berne, which would also clear international debts and credits based on gold.[7] In Banques d'émission et trésors publics (1911) Levy made the case that exchange rate stability depended on the central bank being independent of the state. He wrote that "the less public authority gets involved with the management of the banking system, the better national credit and wealth are protected."[8] In La juste paix ou le traité de Versailles (1920) he defended the 1919 Treaty of Versailles against attacks by the British economist John Maynard Keynes.[1] Other publications included:[9]

  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1877), De Bonorum possessione contra tabulas. De la quotité disponible... (Thesis), Paris: impr. E. Martinet, p. 62
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1886), Poésies, Paris: A. Lemerre, p. 280
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1886), Les conversions de rentes, Paris: Cercle Saint-Simon, p. 72
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1888), Le Péril financier, Paris: L. Cerf, p. 384
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1894), Mélanges financiers : la spéculation et la banque, l'avenir des métaux précieux, le change, le billet de banque, Paris: Hachette, p. 316
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy; Jacques Siegfried (1900), Du relèvement du marché financier français, Paris: Chaix, p. 75
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1901), Des tendances nouvelles de la législation fiscale en Europe depuis 50 ans, Paris: Société française d'imprimerie et de librairie / Congrès des sciences politiques, p. 178
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1911), De la Méthode à suivre pour passer du cours forcé aux paiements en espèces, Paris: siège de la Société des industriels et des commerçants de France, p. 39
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1911), Banques d'émission et trésors publics, Paris: Hachette, p. 628
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1913), "L'Économie politique aux États-Unis", Revue internationale du commerce, de l'industrie et de la banque, Paris: Société des industriels et des commerçants de France: 76
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1914), Effets économiques de la mobilisation austro-hongroise, Paris: F. Alcan, p. 68
  • Daniel Bellet; Émile Bourgeois; Raphaël-Georges Lévy; Gabriel Malleterre; Louis Renault (1915), La guerre: Les origines de la guerre. L'Allemagne et le droit des gens. La guerre et les armées. La guerre et les finances. L'industrie moderne et la guerre, Paris: F. Alcan, p. 228
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1918), Qu'est-ce qu'une banque, Paris: B. Grasset, p. 61
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1919), La Vie chère, causes, effets, remèdes, Paris: Hachette, p. 23
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1920), La juste paix, ou La vérité sur le traité de Versailles, Paris: Plon-Nourrit et Cie, p. 243
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1921), Initiation financière, Paris: Hachette, p. 238
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1927), Initiation financière (revue et corrigée ed.), Paris: Hachette, p. 241

Notes edit

  1. ^ In 1907 or 1908 Proust asked Lévy for advice on his investments, and after that the two men exchanged several letters. The two men do not seem to have had more than a passing acquaintance.[4]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jolly 1960.
  2. ^ a b Blanc.
  3. ^ Eugénie dite Jenny Levy – geni.com.
  4. ^ a b c d Wise 2005, pp. 19–30.
  5. ^ Renseignements mondains 1917.
  6. ^ Lévy Raphaël – Sénat.
  7. ^ Griziotti 1968, p. 383.
  8. ^ Flandreau 2005, p. 27.
  9. ^ Raphaël-Georges Lévy ... BnF.

Sources edit

  • Blanc, Jean-Daniel, "Raphaël Georges Lévy", Geneanet (in French), retrieved 2017-10-18
  • "Eugénie dite Jenny Levy", geni.com (in French), retrieved 2017-10-18
  • Flandreau, Marc (2005-07-26), Money Doctors: The Experience of International Financial Advising 1850-2000, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-35655-3, retrieved 2017-10-18
  • Griziotti, B. (1968-12-01), "Banque des Reglements Internationaux", Recueil Des Cours, Collected Courses, 1932 (in French), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ISBN 90-286-0792-7, retrieved 2017-10-18
  • Jolly, Jean (1960), "Lévy (Raphaël-Georges)", Dictionnaire des parlementaires français (1889-1940) (in French), Presses Universitaires de France, retrieved 2017-10-18
  • Lévy Raphaël (in French), Sénat, retrieved 2017-10-18
  • Raphaël-Georges Lévy (1853-1933) - Auteur du texte (in French), BnF: Bibliotheque nationale de France, retrieved 2017-10-18
  • "Renseignements mondains", Le Figaro (in French), 9 February 1917, retrieved 2017-10-18 – via Gallica
  • Wise, Pyra (2005), "Trois lettres et une dédicace inédites de Marcel Proust conservées à la Pierpont Morgan Library", Bulletin d'Informations Proustiennes (in French) (35), Éditions rue d’Ulm, Presses de l’École normale supérieure, retrieved 2017-10-18

External links edit

  • "Lévy Raphaël Georges", Léonore, Archives nationales, retrieved 2017-10-18 Official documents such as birth and death certificates, Legion of Honour etc.

January 01, 1970
raphaël, georges, lévy, february, 1853, december, 1933, french, banker, economist, politician, taught, many, years, École, libre, sciences, politiques, liberal, economic, beliefs, including, support, free, trade, central, bank, independence, senator, seine, fr. Raphael Georges Levy 24 February 1853 8 December 1933 was a French banker economist and politician He taught for many years at the Ecole libre des sciences politiques He had liberal economic beliefs including support for free trade and central bank independence He was a Senator of Seine from 1920 to 1927 Raphael Georges LevyRaphael Georges Levy in 1921Senator of SeineIn office 11 January 1920 8 January 1927Personal detailsBorn 1853 02 24 24 February 1853Paris FranceDied8 December 1933 1933 12 08 aged 80 Paris FranceOccupationEconomist politician Contents 1 Early years 1853 70 2 Businessman and academic 1870 1914 3 World War I 1914 18 4 Postwar career 1919 33 5 Publications 6 Notes 7 Sources 8 External linksEarly years 1853 70 editRaphael Georges Levy was born on 24 February 1853 in Paris 1 His parents were Benjamin Levy and Eugenie Bamberger 2 His father was an inspector general of public instruction 1 His mother Eugenie Bamberger 1828 1904 known as Jenny was the daughter of August Bamberger and Amelie Bischoffsheim of the Bischoffsheim family of bankers 3 His uncle the banker Henri Bamberger was co founder of the Banque de Paris et des Pays Bas 1 He was related to Marcel Proust through his sister Marguerite nee Levy 1859 1926 wife of Daniel Mayer the first cousin of Proust s mother 4 a Raphael Georges Levy grew up in an intellectual environment He attended the Lycee Louis le Grand graduating with first prize in mathematics and a prize of honour in rhetoric which earned him the personal congratulations of Napoleon III After the Franco Prussian War of 1870 he obtained a degree in Law 1 Businessman and academic 1870 1914 editLevy joined his uncle s Banque de Paris et des Pays Bas where he was responsible for a number of foreign inquiries in which he showed his business acumen He was interested in turn in South African gold mines the Credit Mobilier the Franco Chinese economic association and the Channel Tunnel He left banking and taught at the Association des cours commerciaux then the Ecole superieure d enseignement financier and finally at the Ecole libre des sciences politiques He spent 30 years at this last school where he became one of the most eminent professors He became a municipal councilor for Deauville in 1900 1 On 4 January 1882 Levy married Marguerite Augustine Halphen 1861 1929 in Paris Their daughter was Suzanne Guillemette Ernesta Levy 1884 1955 2 Levy became president of various learned societies such as the Societe de statistique 1 He was elected a member of the Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques in 1913 4 World War I 1914 18 editWith the outbreak of World War I 1914 18 Levy remained in Paris and converted his town house into a military hospital keeping two modest rooms for himself and his wife From 1914 to 1919 this hospital treated soldiers at Levy s expense He was assisted at the hospital by Antoine Louis Cornette founder of the Scouts de France On 9 February 1917 Le Figaro reported that by a large majority Levy had been elected president of the Societe d Economie politique The society had two presidents Yves Guyot had replaced Paul Leroy Beaulieu as the first president 5 Postwar career 1919 33 editLevy was elected Senator for the Seine department on 11 January 1920 He joined the Finance Committee and for five years was rapporteur of the budget of the liberated regions In 1923 he called for two years of military service He supported liberal economic policies and was opposed to laws preventing export of capital against excessive taxes on securities which would threaten savings and against obstacles to the wheat trade He presented many reports including reports on reminting silver coins the Moroccan loan and the proposed borrowing by the city of Paris and department of the Seine Due to declining health he did not seek reelection in 1927 1 He left office on 8 January 1927 6 Levy was able to continue to attend the sessions of the Academie des sciences morales et politiques until 1930 In the last three year of his life he did not leave his Paris town house This became a literary and artistic salon where he was visited by the King of Belgium and the President of the Chinese Republic 1 Raphael Georges Levy died on 8 December 1933 in Paris He was an officer of the Order of the Crown Romania grand officer of the Order of the Crown Belgium grand officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy commander of the Order of Christ Portugal 1 Publications editLevy published many books on economics but his first publication was a volume of poems inspired by Alfred de Musset 4 He contributed to the Revue des deux Mondes Revue d economie politique Journal des economistes and L Economiste francais and wrote many books 1 In 1896 he proposed creation of an international issuing bank with its headquarters in Berne which would also clear international debts and credits based on gold 7 In Banques d emission et tresors publics 1911 Levy made the case that exchange rate stability depended on the central bank being independent of the state He wrote that the less public authority gets involved with the management of the banking system the better national credit and wealth are protected 8 In La juste paix ou le traite de Versailles 1920 he defended the 1919 Treaty of Versailles against attacks by the British economist John Maynard Keynes 1 Other publications included 9 Raphael Georges Levy 1877 De Bonorum possessione contra tabulas De la quotite disponible Thesis Paris impr E Martinet p 62 Raphael Georges Levy 1886 Poesies Paris A Lemerre p 280 Raphael Georges Levy 1886 Les conversions de rentes Paris Cercle Saint Simon p 72 Raphael Georges Levy 1888 Le Peril financier Paris L Cerf p 384 Raphael Georges Levy 1894 Melanges financiers la speculation et la banque l avenir des metaux precieux le change le billet de banque Paris Hachette p 316 Raphael Georges Levy Jacques Siegfried 1900 Du relevement du marche financier francais Paris Chaix p 75 Raphael Georges Levy 1901 Des tendances nouvelles de la legislation fiscale en Europe depuis 50 ans Paris Societe francaise d imprimerie et de librairie Congres des sciences politiques p 178 Raphael Georges Levy 1911 De la Methode a suivre pour passer du cours force aux paiements en especes Paris siege de la Societe des industriels et des commercants de France p 39 Raphael Georges Levy 1911 Banques d emission et tresors publics Paris Hachette p 628 Raphael Georges Levy 1913 L Economie politique aux Etats Unis Revue internationale du commerce de l industrie et de la banque Paris Societe des industriels et des commercants de France 76 Raphael Georges Levy 1914 Effets economiques de la mobilisation austro hongroise Paris F Alcan p 68 Daniel Bellet Emile Bourgeois Raphael Georges Levy Gabriel Malleterre Louis Renault 1915 La guerre Les origines de la guerre L Allemagne et le droit des gens La guerre et les armees La guerre et les finances L industrie moderne et la guerre Paris F Alcan p 228 Raphael Georges Levy 1918 Qu est ce qu une banque Paris B Grasset p 61 Raphael Georges Levy 1919 La Vie chere causes effets remedes Paris Hachette p 23 Raphael Georges Levy 1920 La juste paix ou La verite sur le traite de Versailles Paris Plon Nourrit et Cie p 243 Raphael Georges Levy 1921 Initiation financiere Paris Hachette p 238 Raphael Georges Levy 1927 Initiation financiere revue et corrigee ed Paris Hachette p 241Notes edit In 1907 or 1908 Proust asked Levy for advice on his investments and after that the two men exchanged several letters The two men do not seem to have had more than a passing acquaintance 4 a b c d e f g h i j k Jolly 1960 a b Blanc Eugenie dite Jenny Levy geni com a b c d Wise 2005 pp 19 30 Renseignements mondains 1917 Levy Raphael Senat Griziotti 1968 p 383 Flandreau 2005 p 27 Raphael Georges Levy BnF Sources editBlanc Jean Daniel Raphael Georges Levy Geneanet in French retrieved 2017 10 18 Eugenie dite Jenny Levy geni com in French retrieved 2017 10 18 Flandreau Marc 2005 07 26 Money Doctors The Experience of International Financial Advising 1850 2000 Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 35655 3 retrieved 2017 10 18 Griziotti B 1968 12 01 Banque des Reglements Internationaux Recueil Des Cours Collected Courses 1932 in French Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ISBN 90 286 0792 7 retrieved 2017 10 18 Jolly Jean 1960 Levy Raphael Georges Dictionnaire des parlementaires francais 1889 1940 in French Presses Universitaires de France retrieved 2017 10 18 Levy Raphael in French Senat retrieved 2017 10 18 Raphael Georges Levy 1853 1933 Auteur du texte in French BnF Bibliotheque nationale de France retrieved 2017 10 18 Renseignements mondains Le Figaro in French 9 February 1917 retrieved 2017 10 18 via Gallica Wise Pyra 2005 Trois lettres et une dedicace inedites de Marcel Proust conservees a la Pierpont Morgan Library Bulletin d Informations Proustiennes in French 35 Editions rue d Ulm Presses de l Ecole normale superieure retrieved 2017 10 18External links edit Levy Raphael Georges Leonore Archives nationales retrieved 2017 10 18 Official documents such as birth and death certificates Legion of Honour etc Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Raphael Georges Levy amp oldid 1177649457, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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