Radziejów
Radziejów (Polish pronunciation: [raˈd͡ʑɛjuf]) is a town in Poland, in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, about 45 km south of Toruń. It is the capital of Radziejów County. Its population is 5,696 (2010).[1]
Radziejów | |
|---|---|
Town hall | |
Flag Coat of arms | |
Radziejów Radziejów | |
| Coordinates: 52°38′N 18°31′E / 52.633°N 18.517°E | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Radziejów County |
| Gmina | Radziejów (urban gmina) |
| Established | 12th century |
| Town rights | 1252 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Sławomir Bartłomiej Bykowski |
| Area | |
| • Total | 5.69 km2 (2.20 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 124 m (407 ft) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
| • Total | 5,696 |
| • Density | 1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 88-200 |
| Area code | +48 54 |
| Car plates | CRA |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Website | http://www.umradziejow.pl/ |
History edit
The earliest known mention of Radziejów is found in a document from 1142, which states that it was given by the High Duchess consort of Poland Salomea of Berg to the monastery in Mogilno.[2] Later it passed to the Diocese of Płock.[2] In the second half of the 13th century it grew into a significant center of local administration. It was granted town rights in 1252 by Duke Casimir I of Kuyavia, confirmed in 1298 by future Polish King Władysław I Łokietek,[2] who granted it Magdeburg Law. Kings Władysław I Łokietek and Władysław II Jagiełło vested it with new trade privileges[2] and Sigismund I the Old established a weekly fair. Władysław I Łokietek founded the Franciscan monastery with the Gothic Church of the Feast of the Cross, one of the landmarks of the town.[3]
It was a royal town, located in the Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. The sejmiks for entire Kuyavia were held in Radziejów.[2] The local royal castle was demolished by the Swedes in 1702, during the Great Northern War.[2] In 1720 the first Piarist college of Poland was founded in Radziejów.[2] It was moved to Włocławek in 1819.[2]
In 1793 the town found itself in Prussia following the Second Partition of Poland. In 1807 it passed to the short lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and then in 1815 it became a part of the Congress Poland in the Russian Empire. In the course of the 19th century the town declined. As part of Russian reprisals after the failed Polish January Uprising, the Franciscan monastery was closed down in 1864,[3] and in 1867 Radziejów lost its city charter.[2] In 1918 it became a part of reconstituted, independent Poland, was again granted city rights in 1919 and developed again afterwards.[2]
The town had a Jewish community since the 18th century, with 15 Jews (5% of the population) recorded in 1793.[4] Restrictions on Jewish settlement were in force from 1822 to 1862.[4] According to the 1921 census the town had a Jewish community consisting of 599 people, or 19.0 percent of its total population.[4]
In 1933 Radziejów obtained a railway connection as the newly built Polish Coal Trunk-Line passed just 3 km west of the town. Though no dedicated Radziejów station was built, the inhabitants of the town could board trains in nearby Chełmce.
During World War II, the German army entered the town on September 9, 1939. During the German occupation, the town was part of Reichsgau Wartheland, a portion of Poland directly annexed by Germany. In 1940 hundreds of Poles were expelled, and their houses, shops and workshops were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[5] Local catechist, priest Jan Wieczorek was among Polish teachers murdered by the Germans in the Dachau concentration camp during the Intelligenzaktion.[6] In 1943 the Germans renamed the town to Rädichau.[7]
In the course of the Holocaust, the town's Jewish population was confined in a ghetto which existed from 1941 until 1942, with about 800 inmates.[4] The ghetto was liquidated in 1942 when its population was transported to Chelmno extermination camp in April, 1942[8][9] where they were killed in gas vans by carbon monoxide exhaust. The town was liberated from the Nazis by the Soviet army on January 20, 1945.
After the war, some Jewish survivors returned to Radziejów in the summer of 1945, where they found their houses and businesses taken over by Poles. After the murder on the night of 29/30 September 1945 of two Jews in nearby village Osięciny, Radziejów's Jews fled the town, but returned a few weeks later. In 1946 they organized a local branch of the Central Committee of Polish Jews (Centralny Komitet Żydów Polskich), which functioned until 1948 by which time most of its members left Radziejów. After 1949 no organised Jewish community existed and only a few individual Jews remained in the town during the subsequent decades.[10]
In 1979 a new hospital opened in Radziejów designed to accommodate 272 patient beds (today functioning as Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Radziejowie).
In 2018, "The Nazi, the Princess, and the Shoemaker" was published, describing the relationship of Poles and Jews in Radziejow prior to World War II as well as the Nazi occupation of the town and what happened to its Jewish population.[12]
Sports edit
The local football club is Start Radziejów. It competes in the lower leagues.
Notable People edit
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ a b c (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Historia Miasta". Urząd Miasta Radziejów portal miejski (in Polish). Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Rys historyczny". franciszkanie-radziejow.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d Jewish Historical Institute community database 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 234. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 181.
- ^ Jehke, Rolf. "Amtsbezirk Rädichau Stadt und Land".
- ^ "Chelmno Deportations". deathcamps.org. Retrieved May 17, 2007.
- ^ The List of Jewish Communities Liquidated in Chelmno, accessed 2007-05-17
- ^ "Historia - Społeczność żydowska przed 1989 - Radziejów - Wirtualny Sztetl".
- ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 198.
- ^ "The Nazi, the Princess, and the Shoemaker".
External links edit
Media related to Radziejów at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Webpage of hospital in Radziejów