Qiongthela gets its name from "Qiong-" referring to Hainan Province, China (where some species of this genus are found). "-thela" comes from the Ancient Greek "θηλη" meaning "nipple-like protuberance", referring to the spinnerets. This "-thela" suffix is a tradition for heptatheline genera.[4]
Descriptionedit
Qiongthela ranges in size from 13-31mm in length (excluding the chelicerae). The male's palp has a long, blade-like conductor with a slightly hook-like apex. The tegulum has two margins and the paracymbium is spinose.
Females have two paired receptacular clusters, situated on the anterior edge of the bursa copulatrix.
Biologyedit
These primitive spiders live in burrows with trapdoors at the entrance. These trapdoors are 3.3 cm wide and 2.5 cm long for females and the males' trapdoors are 2.0-2.3 cm wide and 1.5-1.8 cm long. The hinges of the trapdoor are located at the top and the bottom protrudes slightly. The spiders prefer not to rest near the top of the burrow and will not be coaxed out by flexible grass blades, which will often coax out other genera in the family, e.g. Liphistius.
Egg cases of this genus contain yellow eggs and have more than one hundred individual eggs in them. They are coated in a thin layer of coagulated vulval secretion and some fine silken threads. This structure rests on a mesh of fine threads above the bottom of the inner chamber of the egg case.
When medium to large-sized individuals are disturbed, they rise their bodies up off the ground whilst keeping their tarsi on the ground and spreading their chelicerae. This behaviour is known as "tip-toeing".[5]
^ abc"Qiongthela". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
^"Family Heptathelidae Kishida, 1923 (genus list)". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
^ abYu, L., Liu, F. X., Zhang, Z. T., Li, D. Q. & Xu, X. (2021). Three new species of the segmented spider genus Qiongthela (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 1009: 123-138.
^Xu, X., Liu, F. X., Chen, J., Ono, H., Li, D. Q. & Kuntner, M. (2015a). A genus-level taxonomic review of primitively segmented spiders (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). ZooKeys 488: 121-151.
^Schwendinger, P. J. & Ono, H. (2011). On two Heptathela species from southern Vietnam, with a discussion of copulatory organs and systematics of the Liphistiidae (Araneae: Mesothelae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 118: 599-637.
March 15, 2024
qiongthela, genus, spiders, family, heptathelidae, 2021, update, contains, species, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, arthropodasubphylum, chelicerataclass, arachnidaorder, araneaesuborder, mesothelaefamily, heptathelidaegenus. Qiongthela is a genus of spiders in the family Heptathelidae 2 As of 2021 update it contains 14 species 1 3 QiongthelaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaSubphylum ChelicerataClass ArachnidaOrder AraneaeSuborder MesothelaeFamily HeptathelidaeGenus QiongthelaXu amp Kuntner 2015 1 SpeciesSee text Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Biology 4 Species 5 ReferencesTaxonomy editQiongthela gets its name from Qiong referring to Hainan Province China where some species of this genus are found thela comes from the Ancient Greek 8hlh meaning nipple like protuberance referring to the spinnerets This thela suffix is a tradition for heptatheline genera 4 Description editQiongthela ranges in size from 13 31mm in length excluding the chelicerae The male s palp has a long blade like conductor with a slightly hook like apex The tegulum has two margins and the paracymbium is spinose Females have two paired receptacular clusters situated on the anterior edge of the bursa copulatrix Biology editThese primitive spiders live in burrows with trapdoors at the entrance These trapdoors are 3 3 cm wide and 2 5 cm long for females and the males trapdoors are 2 0 2 3 cm wide and 1 5 1 8 cm long The hinges of the trapdoor are located at the top and the bottom protrudes slightly The spiders prefer not to rest near the top of the burrow and will not be coaxed out by flexible grass blades which will often coax out other genera in the family e g Liphistius Egg cases of this genus contain yellow eggs and have more than one hundred individual eggs in them They are coated in a thin layer of coagulated vulval secretion and some fine silken threads This structure rests on a mesh of fine threads above the bottom of the inner chamber of the egg case When medium to large sized individuals are disturbed they rise their bodies up off the ground whilst keeping their tarsi on the ground and spreading their chelicerae This behaviour is known as tip toeing 5 Species editQiongthela is found only in Asia As of January 2021 update the World Spider Catalog accepted 14 species 1 3 Qiongthela australis Ono 2002 Vietnam Qiongthela baishensis Xu 2015 Hainan Qiongthela baoting Yu Liu Zhang Wang Li amp Xu 2020 Hainan Qiongthela bawang Xu Liu Kuntner amp Li 2017 Hainan Qiongthela dongfang Yu Liu Zhang Li amp Xu 2021 Hainan Qiongthela jianfeng Xu Liu Kuntner amp Li 2017 Hainan Qiongthela nankai Yu Liu Zhang Li amp Xu 2021 Hainan Qiongthela nui Schwendinger amp Ono 2011 Vietnam Qiongthela qiongzhong Yu Liu Zhang Wang Li amp Xu 2020 Hainan Qiongthela sanya Yu Liu Zhang Wang Li amp Xu 2020 Hainan Qiongthela wuzhi Xu Liu Kuntner amp Li 2017 Hainan Qiongthela yalin Yu Liu Zhang Li amp Xu 2021 Hainan Qiongthela yinai Xu Liu Kuntner amp Li 2017 Hainan Qiongthela yinggezui Yu Liu Zhang Wang Li amp Xu 2020 HainanReferences edit a b c Qiongthela World Spider Catalog Natural History Museum Bern Retrieved 2021 01 12 Family Heptathelidae Kishida 1923 genus list World Spider Catalog Natural History Museum Bern Retrieved 2023 12 14 a b Yu L Liu F X Zhang Z T Li D Q amp Xu X 2021 Three new species of the segmented spider genus Qiongthela Mesothelae Liphistiidae from Hainan Island China ZooKeys 1009 123 138 Xu X Liu F X Chen J Ono H Li D Q amp Kuntner M 2015a A genus level taxonomic review of primitively segmented spiders Mesothelae Liphistiidae ZooKeys 488 121 151 Schwendinger P J amp Ono H 2011 On two Heptathela species from southern Vietnam with a discussion of copulatory organs and systematics of the Liphistiidae Araneae Mesothelae Revue Suisse de Zoologie 118 599 637 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Qiongthela amp oldid 1189874851, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,