Purism (company)
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Purism, SPC is an American computer technology corporation based in San Francisco, California[2] and registered in the state of Washington.[3]
| Type | Social purpose corporation |
|---|---|
| Industry | |
| Founded | November 19, 2014 |
| Founder | Todd Weaver |
| Headquarters | San Francisco, California, U.S. |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | |
| Products | Laptops, smartphones, tablet computers, handhelds |
| Revenue | US$1 million (2015) |
Number of employees | 32 (April 2022)[1] |
| Website | puri |
Purism manufactures the Librem personal computing devices with a focus on software freedom, computer security, and Internet privacy. In addition to hardware, Purism also maintains PureOS, an operating system along with Librem One, a suite of software as a service based on open standards.
History edit
Purism was founded in 2014[3] with the start of a crowdfunding campaign for the Librem 15,[4] an attempt to manufacture an Intel-based high-end laptop for Linux with "almost no proprietary software".[5][6][7][8] A second campaign[9] funded development of a 13-inch model with hardware switches to disable the microphone and camera as a privacy feature.[10] Kill switches were also added to the 15-inch model[further explanation needed].
The two campaigns raised US$1,052,174 from 1,042 initial backers, and production began at the end of 2015.[11] In 2017 Purism announced its transition from a build to order to a build to stock order fulfillment model.[12]
Purism reincorporated as a social purpose corporation in February 2017[13] and announced the change in May.[14]
In 2023, Purism was criticized for inconsistent messaging and enforcement of their refund policy, rejecting refunds for multiple customers having valid refund requests. Louis Rossmann covered Purism in two videos: the first described one customer's refund request experience and Rossmann's disdain for Purism's behavior; the second described an impassioned email addressed to Rossmann from a former Purism associate, describing the situation from their perspective with the goal of removing the critical video. Rossmann did not remove the video.[15]
Products edit
PureOS edit
Purism manages development of PureOS, a free Linux distro based on Debian. PureOS mostly ships with software from the Debian software repository but has all software removed that violates Purism's guidelines and the GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines.[16] PureOS was endorsed by the Free Software Foundation in December 2017.[17] Librem laptops ship with PureOS by default and an optional Qubes OS Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive.[18][19][20] Purism says that it is easy for Librem device owners to install alternative Linux distributions and that owners have the freedom to install any operating system that they desire.[21]
Librem hardware edit
Librem has been the brand name used by Purism for all of their computer hardware products since the firm's first website in late 2014.[22] The name is based on the French word libre for the English word free as used in the term logiciel libre for free software.
Purism devices feature hardware kill switches to allow users to shut off the camera, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular or mobile broadband modem on devices that have one (or can be purchased air gapped).
Laptops edit
Purism's first products were two laptop computers. Since late 2015, they have made laptops of two sizes: Librem 13 and 15, featuring a 13 and a 15-inch screen, respectively. These products ship with Purism's own operating system, PureOS, a derivative of Debian GNU/Linux, and an optional Qubes OS USB drive.[18][19][20]
Purism does its best to remove Intel's Management Engine from its Librem laptops, considering it a security problem.[23] Still, it was not able to completely avoid use of proprietary BIOS firmware, earning it criticism from the Coreboot and Libreboot projects (which are working on completely free firmware, but as of 2015 had not yet achieved support of the contemporary hardware that Librem was using).[24] Since summer 2017, new Librem laptops are shipped with coreboot as their standard BIOS, and updates are available for all older models.[25]
In July 2020, Purism announced the Librem 14, the successor of the Librem 13.[26] The Librem 14 features a 10th generation Intel processor, and was scheduled to begin shipping in February 2021.
Comparison of laptops edit
| Librem model | Coreboot version | CPU | Intel ME | Release | Max RAM (GB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 v1[27] | Intel Core i7 5557U | Enabled | July 2015 | 32 | |
| 13 v1[28] | 4.21 (2023)[29] | Intel Core i5 5200U | Enabled | September 2015 | 16 |
| 15 v2[30] | 4.21 (2023)[31] | Intel Core i7-5557U | Enabled | September 2015 | 32 |
| 13 v2[32] | 4.21 (2023)[33] | Intel Core i5 6200U | Disabled | June 14, 2017 | 16 |
| 15 v3[32] | 4.21 (2023)[34] | Intel Core i7 6500U | Disabled | June 28, 2017 | 32 |
| 13 v3[35] | 4.6 (2017)[36] | Intel Core i7 6500U | Disabled | October 2017 | 16 |
| 15 v4 | 4.21 (2023)[37] | Intel Core i7 7500U | Disabled[38] | January 2019 | 32 |
| 13 v4[39] | 4.21 (2023)[40] | Intel Core i7 7500U | Disabled[38] | January 2019 | 16 |
| 14 v1[41] | 4.21 (2023)[42] | Intel Core i7 10710U | Disabled (but not "neutralized")[43][unreliable source] | early Q4 2020 | 64 |
Tablet: Librem 11 edit
Purism has proposed a 2-in-1 PC, a convertible, hybrid, tablet-to-laptop computer: the Librem 11, sometimes termed Librem 10 or 12. It would have an 11-inch touchscreen in an 11.6-inch body with a detachable keyboard, and an optional docking station. Development on the device began in April 2016[44] and was suspended in October 2018 to focus on the Librem 5 smartphone.[45]
Smartphone: Librem 5 edit
The Librem 5 is Purism's first smartphone. They began a funding campaign on 24 August 2017, for a $599 "security and privacy focused phone".[46] The 60-day funding campaign aimed to collect US$1.5 million, but the goal was surpassed two weeks early and concluded with US$2,677,609.10 raised, 78% over the goal.[47][48] The phone's operating system is entirely free software: it comes with PureOS pre-installed but also supports Ubuntu Touch.[49] Further, the baseband processor is separated from the CPU main bus and instead connected via a fast USB interface, thus isolated from the main CPU RAM bus. Also, the phone features hardware kill switches for the isolated baseband processor, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, camera, and microphone.[50] The firmware for the cellular modem on the phone is proprietary.[51] Purism shipped the first Librem 5 phones in September 2019.[52] There is also a model whose electronics are entirely fabricated in the US.[53]
As of Q2 2021, many of the original backers of the 2017 funding campaign are still waiting for their orders to be fulfilled. Purism has cited product development and supply chain challenges. The company now promises shipments will resume in October, 2021, but also expects backorders to extend into 2022.[54] As of Q3 2023, Librem 5's remain rare and many of the original backers, and prominent technology YouTuber Louis Rossmann, have called the Librem 5 a scam as Purism stalled refund requests for months before switching to a no refund policy, even for those who purchased a phone and those who requested a refund before the policy was implemented.[55]
Librem Key edit
The Librem Key is a hardware USB security token with many features, including integration with tamper-evident Heads Firmware. Heads helps to ensure that the Librem laptop's BIOS was not altered since the last laptop boot. The Librem Key also holds a one-time password storage (3x HOTP (RFC 4226), 15 x TOTP (RFC 6238)), integrated password manager (16 entries), 40 kbit/s true random number generator, and tamper-resistant smart card. The key supports type A USB 2.0, has dimensions of 48 mm × 19 mm × 7 mm (1.89 in × 0.75 in × 0.28 in), and weighs 6 grams (0.21 oz).[56]
Librem One edit
Librem One is a paid subscription free-software social-networking suite launched April 30, 2019[57] claiming to prioritize decentralization and privacy, using repackaged open source applications. At present, services provided are: Librem Mail supporting OpenPGP standards using a K-9-based client; Librem Tunnel based on OpenVPN; Librem Social microblogging using Mastodon server and Tusky-based client software federated via the ActivityPub protocol,[58] and Librem Chat using Element software federated via Matrix and XMPP.[58]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "The Core Team". Purism. 7 April 2022. from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Contact". Purism. from the original on 2020-01-04. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ a b "Registration Detail". Washington Secretary of State. from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
- ^ Weaver, Todd (2016-08-30). "Librem 15: A Laptop That Respects Your Rights". Crowd Supply. Portland, Oregon. from the original on 2015-05-14. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
- ^ Gallagher, Sean (2014-11-19). "Crowdfunding project promises a "laptop that respects essential freedoms"". Ars Technica. Wired Media Group. from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ Biggs, John (2015-01-23). "Purism Aims To Build A Philosophically Pure Laptop". TechCrunch. Verizon Media. from the original on 2019-11-13. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ Low, Cherlynn (2014-11-19). "Librem 15: Sexy Open Source Laptop Wants Your Money". Laptop Mag. New York City, New York: Purch (Future plc). Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ Hoffman, Chris (2014-11-19). "Purism Librem 15 Linux laptop blends high-end hardware with totally free software". PC World. San Francisco, California, U.S.: IDG Communications. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
- ^ Weaver, Todd. "Librem 13: A Laptop That Respects Your Rights". Crowd Supply. Portland, Oregon. from the original on 2015-07-27. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ Casey, Henry T. (2015-06-19). "Purism Puts Physical Kill Switches on Latest Laptop". Laptop Mag. New York City, New York: Purch (Future plc). from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ Weaver, Todd (2015-12-28). "Purism Librem Shipping Status". Crowd Supply. Portland, Oregon. from the original on 2016-04-29. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ Weaver, Todd (2016-12-15). "Growing to Ship from Inventory in 2017". Purism. from the original on 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
- ^ "Social purpose". Purism. from the original on 2020-01-21. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
- ^ "Purism now a Social Purpose Corporation – What this means for you and us". Purism. 2017-05-06. from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
- ^ Purism wants me to delete my video exposing their refund scam & delay tactic - answer is no, retrieved 2023-11-09
- ^ "List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions". GNU Project. from the original on 2014-12-16. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ^ Robertson, Donald (2017-12-21). "FSF adds PureOS to list of endorsed GNU/Linux distributions". Free Software Foundation. from the original on 2019-06-22. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ a b "Librem 13". Purism. from the original on 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ^ a b "Librem 15". Purism. from the original on 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ^ a b Carbone, Michael (2015-12-09). "Partnering with Purism and the first Qubes-certified laptop". Qubes OS. from the original on 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ^ "FAQ". Purism. from the original on 2014-11-21. Retrieved 2018-12-02.
- ^ "Purism". Purism. 2014. from the original on 2014-11-21. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
- ^ Claburn, Thomas (21 Oct 2017). "Wanna exorcise Intel's secretive hidden CPU from your hardware? Meet Purism's laptops". www.theregister.co.uk. from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ Hoffman, Chris; PCWorld | (2015-08-07). "Why Linux enthusiasts are arguing over Purism's sleek, idealistic Librem laptops". PCWorld. from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
- ^ "Downloading and installing coreboot on Purism Librem devices". Purism. from the original on 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- ^ "Purism Launches Librem 14, Successor to Security-focused Librem 13 Product Line – Purism". 2 July 2020. from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
- ^ . CrowdSupply.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ . CrowdSupply.com. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "librem_13v1 · master · firmware / releases". GitLab. 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ^ . CrowdSupply.com. Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "librem_15v2 · master · firmware / releases". GitLab. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ^ a b . puri.sm. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "librem_13v2 · master · firmware / releases". GitLab. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ^ "librem_15v3 · master · firmware / releases". GitLab. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ^ . puri.sm. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "Coreboot". wiki.puri.sm. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ "librem_15v4 · master · firmware / releases". GitLab. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ^ a b "The Purism Freedom Roadmap: Road to FSF endorsement, and Beyond". Purism. 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
- ^ . puri.sm. Archived from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "librem_13v4 · master · firmware / releases". GitLab. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ^ "Purism- Librem 14". puri.sm. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "librem_14 · master · firmware / releases". GitLab. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
- ^ . Purism community. 2021-03-10. Archived from the original on Jan 3, 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
- ^ Baldwin, Roberto (2016-05-19). "Purism expands its line of privacy-focused devices to include a 2-in-1". Engadget. Verizon Media. from the original on 2018-08-02. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ "Tabling the Librem tablet". Purism. from the original on 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
- ^ Moon, Mariella (2017-08-24). "Purism will try its hand at security-focused smartphones". Engadget. Verizon Media. from the original on 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ Sneddon, Joey (2017-10-09). "Success – Linux Phone Crowdfunding Campaign Reaches Its Goal". OMG! Ubuntu!. Ohso. from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ "Librem 5 – A Security and Privacy Focused Phone". Purism. from the original on 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
- ^ Verma, Adarsh (2018-04-25). "Open Source Smartphone Librem 5 Will Officially Support Ubuntu Touch". Fossbytes. from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
- ^ Byfield, Bruce. "Librem 5 and the Challenge of the Free Phone". Linux Magazine. from the original on 2017-10-04. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
- ^ FaerberCTO, Nicole (2018-09-04). "Progress update from the Librem 5 hardware department". Purism. from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
- ^ "First Librem 5 Smartphones are Shipping". Purism. 2019-09-24. from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
- ^ "Librem 5 USA". from the original on 2022-06-02. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
- ^ Social, Kyle RankinPGP ID: 0xB9EF770D6EFE360FFingerprint: 0DFE 2A03 7FEF B6BF C56F73C5 B9EF 770D 6EFE 360FLibrem (2022-08-22). "Where Is My Librem 5?". Purism. from the original on 2023-05-04. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Linder, Brad. "Lilbits: Purism's refund policy (or lack thereof), Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 FE, and better QR code scanning". liliputing. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ "Librem Key". Purism. from the original on 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
- ^ "Librem One by Purism -". archive.is. April 30, 2019. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
- ^ a b "Librem One by Purism - We don't look at your junk... or anything else". librem.one. from the original on 2019-04-30. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
External links edit
- Official website
- Purism on Odysee.com
- Purism on Mastodon.social