Puma (car manufacturer)
Puma Automóveis Ltda. is a Brazilian manufacturer of sports cars. It was established in 1963 as Sociedade de Automóveis Lumimari, then became Puma Veículos e Motores the following year, and Puma Indústria de Veículos SA in 1974.
Native name | Puma Automóveis |
|---|---|
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded |
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| Founders |
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| Headquarters | , |
| Products | Sports cars, trucks |
| Website | pumaautomoveis |
The brand ceded production rights for a limited time to other companies, including Brazilian companies Araucária Veículos Ltda first and Alfa Metais Veículos Ltda later, and also to a company in South Africa in the years 1973–1974, 1989–1991, 2007, and finally 2014, when the production rights for Puma models expired.
In 2013 the company was revived by a former industrial director of Puma Indústria de Veículos SA under the name Puma Automóveis Ltda, with headquarters in the countryside of São Paulo. New projects included the Puma P-052 prototype built specifically for motorsports, and the Puma GT Lumimari, named in honor of the company's original name.[1]
History Edit
Puma originated with Italian-born Brazilian immigrant and designer Rino Malzoni, who conceived of a vehicle with a sporty looking fiberglass body mounted on a production car chassis, with engine and suspension modifications to boost performance.[2][3]
This idea moved Malzoni to create a prototype racing car, developed on his farm in Matão in the interior of São Paulo. It had the support of Veículos e Máquinas Agrícolas S.A. (Vemag), the Brazilian DKW representative, who supplied an engine and rolling chassis with the goal of unseating Willys at the Autodromo de Interlagos. The prototype, which had a front-mounted 981 cc (59.9 cu in), three-cylinder DKW engine and weighed 720 kg (1,587 lb), posted five wins at Interlagos in 1964, and won the main races the following year.[2][3]
With the enormous success of the model and several victories in various competitions, in the same year the first vehicle was launched, Sociedade de Automóveis Lumimari Ltda was founded by several car enthusiasts, Luiz Roberto Alves da Costa (LU) Milton Masteguin (MI) ), Mário César de Camargo Filho (MA) and Rino Malzoni, who each contributed the first two letters of their first names to the company's name. The first model produced was named the GT Malzoni in honor of the creator and principal person involved in the brand.[3] In 1966 the brand was renamed to Puma Veículos e Motores Ltda at the suggestion of the head of the competition department at Vemag, Jorge Lettry.[2]
Also in 1966, Puma participated in the Motor Show and presented its newest model, the Puma GT, known by many as the Puma DKW, which was for the most part an improvement on the GT Malzoni, as it used the same bodywork and corrected some problems of the first and added some new features, in total about 125 units were produced, until Vemag was bought by Volkswagen (VW) in 1967.[3] In the same year, Puma was renamed Puma Indústria de Veículos SA, becoming a publicly traded company.[4]
Change to Volkswagen Edit
When VW took over DKW-Vemag, Malzoni lost his supply of chassis and engines. He spent nine months on his farm working to create a new vehicle using a Volkswagen Karmann Ghia chassis, and a rear-mounted 1.5 L Volkswagen air-cooled engine and transaxle. This became one of Puma's most successful models, being produced between 1967 and 1970 and helping the company's growth and consolidating the brand.[3]
In 1969, Puma made a limited edition of its sports cars to be drawn in Quatro Rodas magazine, one of the most important magazines in the automotive world in the country, the model in question was the Puma GT4R, in which only 3 were produced for the draw, in copper, blue and green; later on, another model was made, this one for Malzoni.[3][5]
In 1970, Puma launched its most successful car to date, the Puma GTE, (E for “Export”), a sports car to be distributed around the world, including sales to Europe, Asia, Africa and the American continent. The Puma GTE was an updated version of the Puma GT, having its design reformulated, updated and complying with the traffic laws of each country where it was ordered. In 1971 the Puma Spider was launched, a modified, convertible version of the Puma GTE. Both vehicles made extensive use of VW components. The models were updated and re-released in 1976.[3][4][5]
Diversification Edit
In 1971, Puma began to manufacture truck cabs for Chevrolet as a sideline. In 1978, Puma decided to launch its own truck model, called the 4T. Years later the Puma 6T model was launched, and in 1981 the Puma 2T model and buses were also made with chassis of its trucks.[3] In 1974 the Puma GTB (for Gran Turismo Brasil) was launched. Based on the chassis of the Chevrolet Opala, it had been in development since 1971. It was one of the most expensive cars in Brazil at the time, but was a great success between the year of its launch and 1987. In 1978, the Puma GTB S2 was launched, an updated GTB for the 1980s with a more modern, more powerful and larger design, that used the chassis of the Volkswagen Brasília instead of the Karmann Ghia's.[3][5]
The founder and creator of the brand, Rino Malzoni, died in 1979, at the age of 62.
In 1980 two models emerged, the Puma GTI and the Puma GTC, both being a re-styling of the Puma Spider, with the GTC being the convertible version of the Puma GTI. These vehicles also used the Brasília chassis, and became part of the new era Puma models that improved upon the old models.[2][5]
In the early 1980s the company experienced financial and structural difficulties, caused in part by fires in its factories. The company believed that a way out this crisis was to revive one of its classics. Puma began developing a new model based on the GTI, called the P-016, which would have its own chassis, a modern suspension, and a water-cooled engine. Due to high costs, the P-016 was cancelled.[3] In parallel with the P-016, the P-018 project was also developed. Still using the chassis and mechanics from Volkswagen, clothed in a new body, this project provided the inspiration for the later, front-engined GTB S2 model. The P-018 was released in 1981, but due to its problems, Puma ended up ceding its rights for a limited time in November 1985 to Araucária Veículos, a company from Paraná, which continued production of the Puma models.[3][6]
A few years later, in 1988, Alfa Metais Veículos Ltda bought Araucária Veículos and acquired the rights of Puma and also continued with the new models, but those with some design modifications and a Chevrolet Opala engine, these models did not please the buyers. In 1990, a major partner of the company, Nívio de Paula, died in an accident, causing even more problems for the company. Puma sports vehicles continued to be produced until 1993, until it was discontinued and Alfa Metais Veículos remained active. with the manufacture of buses and trucks.[2][6]
In 1991 the 914 truck was launched, which was based on the 4Q, but with further improvements and also remaining a large cargo truck; in 1994 the brand launched the 9000 Turbo Power truck, which is a much more powerful truck with a better design and resolution of the brand until that moment; in 1996 Puma launched its latest project, the 7900 CB, a cabin version little different from the 9000 Turbo Power and which was soon discontinued. Alfa Metais Veículos stopped the production of Puma trucks and vehicles in 1999, with this, the rights of the brand returned to Puma Indústria de Veículos SA.[2]
In 2007, Puma based in Durban, South Africa, began manufacturing the Puma GT model, with Volkswagen components, in limited quantities. Puma had already ceded its production rights in the country years before, in 1972 and 1989.[2][7]
Resurgence Edit
Puma returned to activity in 2013 initially with the partnership of two enthusiastic entrepreneurs: Fernando Mesquita and Reginaldo Galafazzi, who created the Mesgaferre Automobile Society. In November 2014, when the Puma brand turned 50 years old. Afterwards the name was definitively changed to Puma Automóveis Ltda (new official name of the company) announced the creation of a prototype model of the brand for P-052 racing. The car is inspired by the former GT model, Lotus Elise and Porsche boxers.[8]
The new model would be manufactured with lines inspired by the classic Puma “shark” GTE and with a fiberglass body, as well as a central-rear engine and tubular structure. The main idea was to produce a batch of 25 to 30 cars to create its own automobile category, sponsored by Jan Balder, director of competitions at Puma and former driver, partner of Emerson Fittipaldi in the legendary Thousand Miles of 1966, driving a GT Malzoni.[9] The prototype was presented at the end of 2016 in the last stage of the São Paulo Automotive Championship, at the Autodromo de Interlagos, in São Paulo. The track category has not yet been completed, but Puma has created the approved version for the streets. The new Puma is named GT Lumimari in honor of the company's original 1963 name.[10][3]
Timeline Edit
- 1964 — The GT Malzoni gives rise to a series of models that seek to stay current with trends in design and mechanical technology, while keeping production flexible to adapt to the availability of suppliers and parts.
- 1966 — The Puma GT (DKW) appears. It is basically the GT Malzoni with aesthetic touches.
- 1968 — The Karmann Ghia 1500 platform replaces the DKW platform whose manufacture was discontinued after Volkswagen acquired DKW.
- 1970 — The Puma GT is renamed the Puma GTE.
- 1971 — A convertible model, called the Puma Spider, is launched.
- 1973 — A new body is launched that, although similar to the previous one, is improved in detail. The Spider is renamed the Puma GTS.
- 1974 — The Puma GTB is launched, using the Chevrolet Opala platform.
- 1976 — The GTE and GTS models are now based on the chassis of the Volkswagen Brasília.
- 1980 — The P-018 is launched, the GTE is renamed the GTI, and the GTS is renamed the GTC.
- 1986 — Due to financial difficulties, Puma leases its brands and molds for a limited time to Araucária Veículos, who manufacture a small number of vehicles.
- 1988 — Production of Puma cars is transferred to Alfa Metais, which produces the AM1, AM2, AM3, AM4 and AMV models.
- 1995 — The last car with the Puma brand name is sold, an AM4 Spyder.
- 1999 — The last Puma truck, a model 7900, is sold.
- 2013 — Puma Automóveis Ltda is created to continue the brand's history, being the current holder of the rights to the Puma brand, granted by Puma Indústria de Veículos SA.
Puma models Edit
- Puma GT (DKW) (1967) (VW) (1968-1970)
- Puma GT4R (1969–1970) (Special series)
- Puma P8 (1971)
- Puma Spider (1971–1972)
- Puma GTE (1970–1980)
- Puma GTS (1973–1980)
- Puma GTB (1974–1979)
- Puma GTB S2 (1979–1987)
- Puma GTB S3 (1984–1984)
- Puma GTB S4 (1984–1984)
- Puma P-018 (1981–1987)
- Puma GTC (1981–1986)
- Puma GTI (1981–1987)
- Puma AM1 (1988–1990)
- Puma AM2 (1988–1990)
- Puma AM3 (1989–1991)
- Puma AM4 (1989–1995)
- Puma AMV (1988–1991)
- Puma 7900 (Truck)
- Puma GT P-052 (2013– )
- Puma GT LUMIMARI (2017– )
Production Edit
Production per year Edit
- Brazil
| Year | Production (units) | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1964–1965 | 15 | GT Malzoni |
| 1966 | 34 | GT Malzoni and GT DKW |
| 1967 | 125 | GT DKW |
| 1968 | 151 | GT VW |
| 1969 | 272 | GT VW |
| 1970 | 202 | GT and GTE VW |
| 1971 | 323 | GTE VW and Spider |
| 1972 | 484 | |
| 1973 | 771 | GTE/GTS and GTB |
| 1974 | 1.137 | |
| 1975 | 1.583 | |
| 1976 | 1.911 | |
| 1977 | 2.898 | |
| 1978 | 3.390 | |
| 1979 | 3.595 | |
| 1980 | 3.042 | GTI, GTC, GTE |
| 1981 | 929 | |
| 1982 | 471 | |
| 1983 | 146 | |
| 1984 | 100 | |
| 1985 | 10 | São Paulo factory closes |
| 1986–1987 | 15 | By Araucária Veículos |
| 1987–1993 | 200 | By Alfa Metais |
| 2013– | (prototype) | P-052 |
| 2017– | (prototype) | GT LUMIMARI |
- South Africa
| Years | Units | Location |
|---|---|---|
| 1973–1974 | 357 | Durban |
| 1989–1991 | 26 | Verwoerdburg |
Production by country Edit
| Country | Units |
|---|---|
| Brazil | 21.891 |
| South Africa | 383 |
| TOTAL | 22.116 |
Production by model Edit
- Brazil
| Model | Units manufactured |
|---|---|
| GT Malzoni | 49+1=50 |
| DKW Puma GT | 125 |
| GT 1500 | 423 |
| GTE | 8.800 |
| Spider | 223 |
| GTS | 7.077 |
| GTI | 610 |
| GTC | 1.740 |
| GTB S1 | 701 |
| GTB S2 | 888 |
References Edit
- ^ "Puma Automóveis: A história que não teve fim!" [Puma Automóveis: The story that never ended!]. Revista Carro (in Brazilian Portuguese). 19 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g Scharinger, João (2015-05-30). "PUMA (i)". www.lexicarbrasil.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "História da Puma Automóveis — Puma Automóveis" [History of Puma Automobiles — Puma Automobiles] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ a b "Puma Club do Brasil » Cronologia Puma" [Puma Club do Brasil » Puma Chronology] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ a b c d "Carro Puma: conheça a história e os principais modelos" [Puma car: discover the history and main models]. www.portalautoshopping.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2017-10-05.
- ^ a b "Conheça a história do Puma, o esportivo brasileiro que fez muito sucesso aqui e no exterior" [Discover the history of Puma, the Brazilian sports car that was very successful here and abroad.]. sorocabamotors.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2002-09-06.
- ^ Price, Ryan Lee (April 2003). "The Story Behind the Puma". VW Trends. p. 38.
- ^ Hernandes, Dalmo (25 November 2014). "É oficial: a Puma está de volta e revela os detalhes do novo carro de corridas" [It's official: Puma is back and reveals details of the new racing car]. flatout.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ Ventura, Thiago (2014-11-27). "Puma está de volta para fabricar carros de corrida no Brasil" [Puma is back to manufacture racing cars in Brazil]. www.vrum.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese).
- ^ "Puma GT Lumimari — Puma Automóveis" [Puma GT Lumimari — Puma Automobiles]. pumaautomoveis.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese).
Further reading Edit
- Braun, Thomas (22 February 2022). Puma: Models — Technology — History. Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3754377789.
External links Edit
- Castaings, Francis. Samahá, Fabrício (ed.). [The Brazilian feline] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- Ritzinger, Andre (2011-07-24). "Car of the Month Archive - April 2011". www.ritzsite.nl.