To publish is to make content available to the general public.[1][2] While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper (newspapers, magazines, catalogs, etc.). The word publication means the act of publishing, and also any printed copies issued for public distribution.
"Publication" is a technical term in legal contexts and especially important in copyright legislation. An author of a work generally is the initial owner of the copyright on the work. One of the copyrights granted to the author of a work is the exclusive right to publish the work.
any reading, broadcasting, exhibition of works using any means, either electronically or nonelectronically, or performing in any way so that works can be read, heard, or seen by others.
—Article 1, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2014
the distribution of copies or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. The offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of people for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public display, constitutes publication. A public performance or display of a work does not of itself constitute publication.
To perform or display a work "publicly" means –
(1) to perform or display it at a place open to the public or at any place where a substantial number of people outside a normal circle of a family and its social acquaintances is gathered; or
(2) to transmit or otherwise communicate a performance or display of the work to a place specified by clause (1) or to the public, by means of any device or process, whether the members of the public capable of receiving the performance or display receive it in the same place or in separate places and at the same time or at different times.
—17 USC 101
The US Copyright Office provides further guidance in Circular 40 [1], which states: "When the work is reproduced in multiple copies, such as in reproductions of a painting or castings of a statue, the work is published when the reproductions are publicly distributed or offered to a group for further distribution or public display".
Generally, the right to publish a work is an exclusive right of copyright owner (17 USC 106), and violating this right (e.g. by disseminating copies of the work without the copyright owner's consent) is a copyright infringement (17 USC 501(a)), and the copyright owner can demand (by suing in court) that e.g. copies distributed against their will be confiscated and destroyed (17 USC 502, 17 USC 503). Exceptions and limitations are written into copyright law, however; for example, the exclusive rights of the copyright owner eventually expire, and even when in force, they don't extend to publications covered by fair use or certain types of uses by libraries and educational institutions.
The definition of "publication" as "distribution of copies to the general public with the consent of the author" is also supported by the Berne Convention, which makes mention of "copies" in article 3(3), where "published works" are defined.[1] In the Universal Copyright Convention, "publication" is defined in article VI as "the reproduction in tangible form and the general distribution to the public of copies of a work from which it can be read or otherwise visually perceived."[2] Many countries around the world follow this definition, although some make some exceptions for particular kinds of works. In Germany, §6 of the Urheberrechtsgesetz additionally considers works of the visual arts (such as sculptures) "published" if they have been made permanently accessible by the general public (i.e., erecting a sculpture on public grounds is publication in Germany).[3] Australia and the UK (as the U.S.) do not have this exception and generally require the distribution of copies necessary for publication. In the case of sculptures, the copies must be even three-dimensional.[4][5]
Biological classification
In biological classification (taxonomy), the publication of the description of a taxon has to comply with some rules. The definition of the "publication" is defined in nomenclature codes. Traditionally there were the following rules:
The publication must be generally available.
The date of publication is the date the published material became generally available.
Electronic publication with some restrictions is permitted for publication of scientific names of fungi since 1 January 2013.[6]
Types
Material types
There is an enormous variety of material types of publication, some of which are:
Book: Pages attached together between two covers, to allow a person to read from or write in.
Bulletin: Information written in short on a flyer or inside another publication for public viewing. Bulletins are also brief messages or announcements broadcast to a wide audience by way of television, radio, or internet.
Booklet: Leaflet of more than one sheet of paper, usually attached in the style of a book.
Broadside: A large single sheet of paper printed on one side, designed to be plastered onto walls. Produced from 16th - 19th cent. Became obsolete with the development of newspapers and cheap novels.
Flyer or handbill: A small sheet of paper printed on one side, designed to be handed out free
Leaflet: Single sheet of paper printed on both sides and folded.
Journal: A book with blank pages inside, to allow you to write down any personal information. Another word for a newspaper or similar publication.
Newsletter: A bulletin, leaflet, pamphlet, or newspaper distributed to a specific audience.
Newspaper: A publication of several pages printed with news, sports, information, and advertising. Newspapers may be published and distributed daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annually.
Magazine: A book with front and back paper covers, printed with information and advertising. Some magazines are published and distributed every week or every month.
Pamphlet: Can be a leaflet, booklet or saddle-stapled booklet.
Electronic publishing (also referred to as e-publishing or digital publishing or online publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues. Electronic publishing has become common. It is also becoming common to distribute books, magazines, and newspapers to consumers through digital devices, by online sources.
Modern computing and networking have revolutionized publishing.
Server rack, delivering data to inquiries.
Content types
Types of publication can also be distinguished by content:
Brochure: an informative document made for advertising products or services, usually in the form of a pamphlet or leaflet.
Tract: a religious or political argument written by one person and designed to be distributed free, usually in the form of a booklet or pamphlet, but sometimes longer.
Monograph: a long research publication written by one person.
Unpublished works
A work that has not undergone publication, and thus is not generally available to the public, or for citation in scholarly or legal contexts, is called an unpublished work. In some cases unpublished works are widely cited, or circulated via informal means.[7] An author who has not yet published a work may also be referred to as being unpublished.
^Hawksworth, D. L. (2011). "A new dawn for the naming of fungi: impacts of decisions made in Melbourne in July 2011 on the future publication and regulation of fungal names". MycoKeys. 1: 7–20. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.1.2062.
Look up publication in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
RayMing Chang, Publication Does Not Really Mean Publication: The Need to Amend the Definition of Publication in the Copyright Act, 33 AM. INTELL. PROP. L. ASS'N Q.J. 225: This article analyzes the definition of publication in the US Copyright Act of 1976 and finds strong support for the proposition that electronic dissemination (e.g., "Internet publishing") of works does not result in publication under American copyright law. This article argues that the definition of publication needs to be amended to explicitly include electronic dissemination.
May 05, 2023
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This article is about the definition of the terms publish and publication in copyright law For more general discussion see Publishing This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Publication news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message To publish is to make content available to the general public 1 2 While specific use of the term may vary among countries it is usually applied to text images or other audio visual content including paper newspapers magazines catalogs etc The word publication means the act of publishing and also any printed copies issued for public distribution Printing Contents 1 Legal definition and copyright 1 1 Indonesia 1 2 United States 2 Biological classification 3 Types 3 1 Material types 3 1 1 Electronic publishing 3 2 Content types 4 Unpublished works 5 References 6 External linksLegal definition and copyright Edit Publication is a technical term in legal contexts and especially important in copyright legislation An author of a work generally is the initial owner of the copyright on the work One of the copyrights granted to the author of a work is the exclusive right to publish the work Indonesia Edit In Indonesia publication is defined as any reading broadcasting exhibition of works using any means either electronically or nonelectronically or performing in any way so that works can be read heard or seen by others Article 1 Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2014United States Edit In the United States publication is defined as the distribution of copies or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership or by rental lease or lending The offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of people for purposes of further distribution public performance or public display constitutes publication A public performance or display of a work does not of itself constitute publication To perform or display a work publicly means 1 to perform or display it at a place open to the public or at any place where a substantial number of people outside a normal circle of a family and its social acquaintances is gathered or 2 to transmit or otherwise communicate a performance or display of the work to a place specified by clause 1 or to the public by means of any device or process whether the members of the public capable of receiving the performance or display receive it in the same place or in separate places and at the same time or at different times dd 17 USC 101The US Copyright Office provides further guidance in Circular 40 1 which states When the work is reproduced in multiple copies such as in reproductions of a painting or castings of a statue the work is published when the reproductions are publicly distributed or offered to a group for further distribution or public display Generally the right to publish a work is an exclusive right of copyright owner 17 USC 106 and violating this right e g by disseminating copies of the work without the copyright owner s consent is a copyright infringement 17 USC 501 a and the copyright owner can demand by suing in court that e g copies distributed against their will be confiscated and destroyed 17 USC 502 17 USC 503 Exceptions and limitations are written into copyright law however for example the exclusive rights of the copyright owner eventually expire and even when in force they don t extend to publications covered by fair use or certain types of uses by libraries and educational institutions The definition of publication as distribution of copies to the general public with the consent of the author is also supported by the Berne Convention which makes mention of copies in article 3 3 where published works are defined 1 In the Universal Copyright Convention publication is defined in article VI as the reproduction in tangible form and the general distribution to the public of copies of a work from which it can be read or otherwise visually perceived 2 Many countries around the world follow this definition although some make some exceptions for particular kinds of works In Germany 6 of the Urheberrechtsgesetz additionally considers works of the visual arts such as sculptures published if they have been made permanently accessible by the general public i e erecting a sculpture on public grounds is publication in Germany 3 Australia and the UK as the U S do not have this exception and generally require the distribution of copies necessary for publication In the case of sculptures the copies must be even three dimensional 4 5 Biological classification EditIn biological classification taxonomy the publication of the description of a taxon has to comply with some rules The definition of the publication is defined in nomenclature codes Traditionally there were the following rules The publication must be generally available The date of publication is the date the published material became generally available Electronic publication with some restrictions is permitted for publication of scientific names of fungi since 1 January 2013 6 Types EditMaterial types Edit There is an enormous variety of material types of publication some of which are Book Pages attached together between two covers to allow a person to read from or write in Bulletin Information written in short on a flyer or inside another publication for public viewing Bulletins are also brief messages or announcements broadcast to a wide audience by way of television radio or internet Booklet Leaflet of more than one sheet of paper usually attached in the style of a book Broadside A large single sheet of paper printed on one side designed to be plastered onto walls Produced from 16th 19th cent Became obsolete with the development of newspapers and cheap novels Flyer or handbill A small sheet of paper printed on one side designed to be handed out free Leaflet Single sheet of paper printed on both sides and folded Journal A book with blank pages inside to allow you to write down any personal information Another word for a newspaper or similar publication Newsletter A bulletin leaflet pamphlet or newspaper distributed to a specific audience Newspaper A publication of several pages printed with news sports information and advertising Newspapers may be published and distributed daily weekly monthly quarterly or annually Magazine A book with front and back paper covers printed with information and advertising Some magazines are published and distributed every week or every month Pamphlet Can be a leaflet booklet or saddle stapled booklet Electronic publishing Edit Main article Electronic publishing Internet Map VisualizationElectronic publishing also referred to as e publishing or digital publishing or online publishing includes the digital publication of e books digital magazines and the development of digital libraries and catalogues Electronic publishing has become common It is also becoming common to distribute books magazines and newspapers to consumers through digital devices by online sources Modern computing and networking have revolutionized publishing Server rack delivering data to inquiries Content types Edit Types of publication can also be distinguished by content Brochure an informative document made for advertising products or services usually in the form of a pamphlet or leaflet Tract a religious or political argument written by one person and designed to be distributed free usually in the form of a booklet or pamphlet but sometimes longer Monograph a long research publication written by one person Unpublished works EditA work that has not undergone publication and thus is not generally available to the public or for citation in scholarly or legal contexts is called an unpublished work In some cases unpublished works are widely cited or circulated via informal means 7 An author who has not yet published a work may also be referred to as being unpublished The status of being unpublished has specific significance in the legal context where it may refer to the non publication of legal opinions in the United States See also List of unpublished musical compositionsReferences Edit a b Berne Convention article 3 3 URL last accessed 2010 05 10 a b Universal Copyright Convention Geneva text 1952 article VI Archived 2012 11 25 at the Wayback Machine URL last accessed 2010 05 10 German UrhG 6 in German URL last accessed 2007 05 29 Australian Copyright Act section 29 Publication URL last accessed 2007 05 29 Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 c 48 section 175 Copyright law of the United Kingdom URL last accessed 2007 05 29 Hawksworth D L 2011 A new dawn for the naming of fungi impacts of decisions made in Melbourne in July 2011 on the future publication and regulation of fungal names MycoKeys 1 7 20 doi 10 3897 mycokeys 1 2062 APA REFERENCE STYLE Unpublished Sources linguistics byu edu 2002 Retrieved 7 March 2012 External links Edit Look up publication in Wiktionary the free dictionary RayMing Chang Publication Does Not Really Mean Publication The Need to Amend the Definition of Publication in the Copyright Act 33 AM INTELL PROP L ASS N Q J 225 This article analyzes the definition of publication in the US Copyright Act of 1976 and finds strong support for the proposition that electronic dissemination e g Internet publishing of works does not result in publication under American copyright law This article argues that the definition of publication needs to be amended to explicitly include electronic dissemination Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Publication amp oldid 1132665123, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
