Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the west coast of the island of Hawaiʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The historical park preserves the site where, up until the early 19th century, Hawaiians who broke a kapu (one of the ancient laws) could avoid certain death by fleeing to this place of refuge or puʻuhonua. The offender would be absolved by a priest and freed to leave. Defeated warriors and non-combatants could also find refuge here during times of battle. The grounds just outside the Great Wall that encloses the puʻuhonua were home to several generations of powerful chiefs.
The 420 acre (1.7 km2) site was originally established in 1955 as City of Refuge National Historical Park and was renamed on November 10, 1978. In 2000 the name was changed by the Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 observing the Hawaiian spelling.[5] It includes the puʻuhonua and a complex of archeological sites including: temple platforms, royal fishponds, sledding tracks, and some coastal village sites. The Hale o Keawe temple and several thatched structures have been reconstructed.
Hale o Keawe heiauEdit
The original Hale o Keawe as drawn by William Ellis about 1822
Hale o Keawe was an ancient Hawaiian heiau originally built in approximately 1650 AD[6] as the burial site for the ruling monarch (aliʻi nui) of the Island of Hawaii named Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku.[7][8] It was built by his son, a Kona chief named Kanuha. The complex may have been established as early as 1475 under the aliʻi nui ʻEhu-kai-malino. The nobility (ali'i) of Kona continued to be buried until the abolition of the kapu system. The last person buried here was a son of Kamehameha I in 1818.
Radiocarbon dating has not been done extensively in the area. Testing of the nearby 'Āle'ale'a heiau site gave deceptive results. Oral traditions compiled by Dorothy Barrère are still considered the best for chronological order of the surrounding complex.[9][6]
The heiau contained 23 remains including that of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. It was situated near a great ancient wall near the royal residence to the east side of the wall. Further south were further aliʻi homes were built. Excavations of the area indicate a large crafting community to support the royal residence.[10] The heiau would lay untouched after the banning of the Hawaiian religion while all other such temples were destroyed until Kaahumanu had the building dismantled and all the remains moved to the royal mausoleum in Honolulu.[11]
It was believed that additional protection to the place of refuge was received from the mana in the bones of the chiefs. It survived several years after other temples were destroyed. It was looted by Lord George Byron (cousin of the distinguished English poet) in 1825.[12] In 1829, High Chiefess Kapiʻolani removed the remaining bones and hid them in the Pali Kapu O Keōua cliffs above nearby Kealakekua Bay. She then ordered this last temple to be destroyed. The bones were later moved to the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii in 1858.[13]
The heiau in the park was reconstructed in the 1960s.[14]
The entrance to the park.
Hawaiian hale (house) at the Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park.
^"Geology of Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
^"National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics". National Park Service. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
^Clark, John (2019). "The Kamehameha III Statue in Thomas Square". The Hawaiian Journal of History. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society. 53: 147–149. doi:10.1353/hjh.2019.0008. ISSN 2169-7639. OCLC 60626541. S2CID 214511964.
^Fuller, Landry (August 2, 2016). "Flying high". West Hawaii Today. Kailua-Kona: Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
^"Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 (S.939)" (PDF). Govtrack.us. Retrieved July 28, 2017.[permanent dead link]
^ abPatrick Vinton Kirch (1997). Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. University of Hawaii Press. p. 162. ISBN978-0-8248-1938-5.
^Pu'uhonua-o-Honaunau, City of Refuge National Historic Park, Natural and Cultural Resources Management Plan and Environmental Assessment (EA). 1976. pp. 25–26.
^Ala Kahakai National Trail, Hawaii County: Environmental Impact Statement. 1998. p. 1.
^Patrick Vinton Kirch (1996). Legacy of the Landscape: An Illustrated Guide to Hawaiian Archaeological Sites. University of Hawaii Press. p. 46. ISBN978-0-8248-1739-8.
^Patrick Vinton Kirch (December 2, 2010). How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai'i. University of California Press. p. 169. ISBN978-0-520-26725-1.
^Robert F. Oaks (November 1, 2003). Hawai'i: A History of the Big Island. Arcadia Publishing. p. 22. ISBN978-1-4396-1403-7.
^Rowland Bloxam (1920). "Visit of H.M.S. Blonde to Hawaii in 1825". All About Hawaii: Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide. Thomas G. Thrum, Honolulu: 66–82.
^Alexander, William DeWitt (1894). "The "Hale o Keawe" at Honaunau, Hawaii". Journal of the Polynesian Society. London: E. A. Petherick. 3: 159–161.
^"Hale o Keawe - Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
Ward, Greg. 2004, The Rough Guide to Hawaii. Rough Guides.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park.
External video
Fly-through of Pu'uhonua o Honaunau NHP, Honaunau, HI, HALS, March 18, 2014
Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park travel guide from Wikivoyage
Pu`uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park – National Park Service official site
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park
Photo essay on residences of Hawaiian Kings
Photographs of the reflecting pools at Pu`uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park *Broken Link*[permanent dead link]
October 24, 2023
puʻuhonua, hōnaunau, national, historical, park, united, states, national, historical, park, located, west, coast, island, hawaiʻi, state, hawaii, historical, park, preserves, site, where, until, early, 19th, century, hawaiians, broke, kapu, ancient, laws, cou. Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the west coast of the island of Hawaiʻi in the U S state of Hawaii The historical park preserves the site where up until the early 19th century Hawaiians who broke a kapu one of the ancient laws could avoid certain death by fleeing to this place of refuge or puʻuhonua The offender would be absolved by a priest and freed to leave Defeated warriors and non combatants could also find refuge here during times of battle The grounds just outside the Great Wall that encloses the puʻuhonua were home to several generations of powerful chiefs Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical ParkReconstructed Hale o KeaweLocationHawaii County Hawaii United StatesNearest cityHolualoa HawaiʻiCoordinates19 25 19 N 155 54 37 W 19 42194 N 155 91028 W 19 42194 155 91028Area420 acres 170 ha 1 EstablishedJuly 26 1955Visitors421 027 in 2016 2 Governing bodyNational Park ServiceWebsitePuʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical ParkPuʻuhonua o Hōnaunau is one of the only places in Hawaii where the flag of Hawaii can officially fly alone without the American flag the other three places are ʻIolani Palace the Mauna ʻAla and Thomas Square 3 4 Contents 1 Park name and features 2 Hale o Keawe heiau 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksPark name and features EditThe 420 acre 1 7 km2 site was originally established in 1955 as City of Refuge National Historical Park and was renamed on November 10 1978 In 2000 the name was changed by the Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 observing the Hawaiian spelling 5 It includes the puʻuhonua and a complex of archeological sites including temple platforms royal fishponds sledding tracks and some coastal village sites The Hale o Keawe temple and several thatched structures have been reconstructed Hale o Keawe heiau Edit nbsp The original Hale o Keawe as drawn by William Ellis about 1822Hale o Keawe was an ancient Hawaiian heiau originally built in approximately 1650 AD 6 as the burial site for the ruling monarch aliʻi nui of the Island of Hawaii named Keaweʻikekahialiʻiokamoku 7 8 It was built by his son a Kona chief named Kanuha The complex may have been established as early as 1475 under the aliʻi nui ʻEhu kai malino The nobility ali i of Kona continued to be buried until the abolition of the kapu system The last person buried here was a son of Kamehameha I in 1818 Radiocarbon dating has not been done extensively in the area Testing of the nearby Ale ale a heiau site gave deceptive results Oral traditions compiled by Dorothy Barrere are still considered the best for chronological order of the surrounding complex 9 6 The heiau contained 23 remains including that of Keaweʻikekahialiʻiokamoku It was situated near a great ancient wall near the royal residence to the east side of the wall Further south were further aliʻi homes were built Excavations of the area indicate a large crafting community to support the royal residence 10 The heiau would lay untouched after the banning of the Hawaiian religion while all other such temples were destroyed until Kaahumanu had the building dismantled and all the remains moved to the royal mausoleum in Honolulu 11 It was believed that additional protection to the place of refuge was received from the mana in the bones of the chiefs It survived several years after other temples were destroyed It was looted by Lord George Byron cousin of the distinguished English poet in 1825 12 In 1829 High Chiefess Kapiʻolani removed the remaining bones and hid them in the Pali Kapu O Keōua cliffs above nearby Kealakekua Bay She then ordered this last temple to be destroyed The bones were later moved to the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii in 1858 13 The heiau in the park was reconstructed in the 1960s 14 nbsp The entrance to the park nbsp Hawaiian hale house at the Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park nbsp Protector kii statues at the Place of Refuge See also EditCities of RefugeReferences Edit Geology of Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park www usgs gov Retrieved September 13 2022 National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics National Park Service Retrieved April 26 2017 Clark John 2019 The Kamehameha III Statue in Thomas Square The Hawaiian Journal of History Honolulu Hawaiian Historical Society 53 147 149 doi 10 1353 hjh 2019 0008 ISSN 2169 7639 OCLC 60626541 S2CID 214511964 Fuller Landry August 2 2016 Flying high West Hawaii Today Kailua Kona Oahu Publications Inc Retrieved April 1 2020 Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 S 939 PDF Govtrack us Retrieved July 28 2017 permanent dead link a b Patrick Vinton Kirch 1997 Feathered Gods and Fishhooks An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory University of Hawaii Press p 162 ISBN 978 0 8248 1938 5 Pu uhonua o Honaunau City of Refuge National Historic Park Natural and Cultural Resources Management Plan and Environmental Assessment EA 1976 pp 25 26 Ala Kahakai National Trail Hawaii County Environmental Impact Statement 1998 p 1 Patrick Vinton Kirch 1996 Legacy of the Landscape An Illustrated Guide to Hawaiian Archaeological Sites University of Hawaii Press p 46 ISBN 978 0 8248 1739 8 Patrick Vinton Kirch December 2 2010 How Chiefs Became Kings Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai i University of California Press p 169 ISBN 978 0 520 26725 1 Robert F Oaks November 1 2003 Hawai i A History of the Big Island Arcadia Publishing p 22 ISBN 978 1 4396 1403 7 Rowland Bloxam 1920 Visit of H M S Blonde to Hawaii in 1825 All About Hawaii Thrum s Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide Thomas G Thrum Honolulu 66 82 Alexander William DeWitt 1894 The Hale o Keawe at Honaunau Hawaii Journal of the Polynesian Society London E A Petherick 3 159 161 Hale o Keawe Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park U S National Park Service www nps gov Retrieved November 6 2021 Ward Greg 2004 The Rough Guide to Hawaii Rough Guides External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park External video nbsp Fly through of Pu uhonua o Honaunau NHP Honaunau HI HALS March 18 2014 nbsp Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park travel guide from Wikivoyage Pu uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park National Park Service official site U S Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park Photo essay on residences of Hawaiian Kings Go Hawaii article about the park with photos archived Photographs of the reflecting pools at Pu uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park Broken Link permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park amp oldid 1177332812, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
