Open mouth, view from front. The pterygomandibular ligaments are marked with arrows. Note that in this mouth the lower wisdom teeth have been removed, slightly changing the shape of the pterygomandibular ligaments that usually curve and attach to the mandible around them.
In foetuses, the pterygomandibular raphe is always very prominent. However, in adults, it may become less distinctive. It is very large and distinctive, in around 36% adults. It is fairly small, and only an upper triangular portion visible, in around 36% of adults. It is not visible in around 28%, making the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the buccinator muscle continuous. This may vary by ethnic group.[4]
Clinical significanceedit
When the mandible is splinted for gradual realignment (such as to treat sleep apnea), the pterygomandibular ligament slightly resists the realignment.[5]
The raphe is a landmark for administration of inferior alveolar nerve blocks.[2][3][1]
Historyedit
The pterygomandibular ligament was first noted in 1784.[3]
^ abFehrenbach, Margaret J.; Herring, Susan W. (2017). Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck (5th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. p. 267. ISBN978-0-323-39634-9.
^ abcdefghStandring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 625. ISBN978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ abcdefghijRao, D.; Sandhu, S.J.S.; Ormsby, C.; Natter, P.; Haymes, D.; Cohen, I.; Jenson, M. (2017-04-01). "Review of the Pterygomandibular Raphe". Neurographics. 7 (2): 121–125. doi:10.3174/ng.2170196.
^Shimada, Kazuyuki; Gasser, Raymond F. (1989). "Morphology of the pterygomandibular raphe in human fetuses and adults". The Anatomical Record. 224 (1): 117–122. doi:10.1002/ar.1092240115. ISSN 1097-0185. PMID 2729614. S2CID 36677456.
^Brown, Elizabeth C; Jugé, Lauriane; Knapman, Fiona L; Burke, Peter G R; Ngiam, Joachim; Sutherland, Kate; Butler, Jane E; Eckert, Danny J; Cistulli, Peter A; Bilston, Lynne E (2021-04-01). "Mandibular advancement splint response is associated with the pterygomandibular raphe". Sleep. 44 (4). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa222. ISSN 0161-8105. PMID 33146716.
External linksedit
. Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2013-04-22.
pterygomandibular, raphe, pterygomandibular, raphe, pterygomandibular, fold, pterygomandibular, ligament, thin, tendinous, band, buccopharyngeal, fascia, attached, superiorly, pterygoid, hamulus, medial, pterygoid, plate, inferiorly, posterior, mylohyoid, line. The pterygomandibular raphe pterygomandibular fold 1 or pterygomandibular ligament is a thin 2 tendinous band of buccopharyngeal fascia It is attached superiorly to the pterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate and inferiorly to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible It gives attachment to the buccinator muscle in front and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle behind Pterygomandibular rapheMuscles of the pharynx and cheek Pterygo Mandibular ligament labeled at center vertically DetailsPart ofBuccopharyngeal fasciaOriginPterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plateInsertionMylohyoid line of the mandibleIdentifiersLatinraphe pterygomandibularisTA98A05 3 01 102TA22178FMA55618Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Relations 1 2 Attachments 1 3 Variation 2 Clinical significance 3 History 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksStructure edit nbsp Open mouth view from front The pterygomandibular ligaments are marked with arrows Note that in this mouth the lower wisdom teeth have been removed slightly changing the shape of the pterygomandibular ligaments that usually curve and attach to the mandible around them The pterygomandibular raphe is a tendinous band 2 3 formed by the buccopharyngeal fascia It is a paired structure with one on each side of the mouth 3 Superiorly it is attached to the pterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone inferiorly it is attached to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible 2 3 Relations edit Its medial surface is covered by the mucous membrane of the mouth 3 2 Its lateral surface is separated from the ramus of the mandible by adipose tissue 2 Its posterior border gives attachment to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle 3 Its anterior border attaches to the posterior edge of the buccinator muscle 3 The pterygomandibular raphe is the common meeting point of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the buccinator muscle This common attachment makes the raphe a junction of the oral cavity oropharynx and nasopharynx 3 The inferior alveolar nerve passes lateral to the raphe the raphe is therefore a landmark for a nerve block of this nerve 2 The general location of the raphe is indicated by the pterygomandibular fold 3 Attachments edit The pterygomandibular raphe gives attachment to the central portion of the buccinator muscle anteriorly and to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle posteriorly 2 Variation edit In foetuses the pterygomandibular raphe is always very prominent However in adults it may become less distinctive It is very large and distinctive in around 36 adults It is fairly small and only an upper triangular portion visible in around 36 of adults It is not visible in around 28 making the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the buccinator muscle continuous This may vary by ethnic group 4 Clinical significance editWhen the mandible is splinted for gradual realignment such as to treat sleep apnea the pterygomandibular ligament slightly resists the realignment 5 The raphe is a landmark for administration of inferior alveolar nerve blocks 2 3 1 History editThe pterygomandibular ligament was first noted in 1784 3 See also editRapheReferences edit a b Fehrenbach Margaret J Herring Susan W 2017 Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck 5th ed St Louis Elsevier p 267 ISBN 978 0 323 39634 9 a b c d e f g h Standring Susan 2020 Gray s Anatomy The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice 42th ed New York p 625 ISBN 978 0 7020 7707 4 OCLC 1201341621 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b c d e f g h i j Rao D Sandhu S J S Ormsby C Natter P Haymes D Cohen I Jenson M 2017 04 01 Review of the Pterygomandibular Raphe Neurographics 7 2 121 125 doi 10 3174 ng 2170196 Shimada Kazuyuki Gasser Raymond F 1989 Morphology of the pterygomandibular raphe in human fetuses and adults The Anatomical Record 224 1 117 122 doi 10 1002 ar 1092240115 ISSN 1097 0185 PMID 2729614 S2CID 36677456 Brown Elizabeth C Juge Lauriane Knapman Fiona L Burke Peter G R Ngiam Joachim Sutherland Kate Butler Jane E Eckert Danny J Cistulli Peter A Bilston Lynne E 2021 04 01 Mandibular advancement splint response is associated with the pterygomandibular raphe Sleep 44 4 doi 10 1093 sleep zsaa222 ISSN 0161 8105 PMID 33146716 External links edit Anatomy diagram 05287 011 1 Roche Lexicon illustrated navigator Elsevier Archived from the original on 2013 04 22 Portal nbsp Anatomy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pterygomandibular raphe amp oldid 1222223442, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
