Psalm 9
Psalm 9 is the ninth psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "I will praise thee, O LORD, with my whole heart; I will shew forth all thy marvellous works." In Latin, it is known as "Confitebor tibi, Domine".[1] The topic of the psalm is that the success of evil is only temporary, and in the end, the righteous will endure.[2] Psalm 10 is considered part of Psalm 9 in the Greek Septuagint and in most pre-Reformation Christian Bibles. These two consecutive psalms have the form of a single acrostic Hebrew poem.[citation needed]
| Psalm 9 | |
|---|---|
| "I will praise thee, O LORD, with my whole heart" | |
Psalm 9 in the Blickling Psalter, 8th century | |
| Other name |
|
| Text | by David |
| Language | Hebrew (original) |
The psalm is a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies.
Text edit
Hebrew edit
The following table shows the Hebrew text[3][4] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).
| Verse | Hebrew | English translation (JPS 1917) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ עַל־מ֥וּת לַבֵּ֗ן מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ | For the Leader; upon Muthlabben. A Psalm of David. |
| 2 | אוֹדֶ֣ה יְ֭הֹוָה בְּכׇל־לִבִּ֑י אֲ֝סַפְּרָ֗ה כׇּל־נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | I will give thanks unto the LORD with my whole heart; I will tell of all Thy marvellous works. |
| 3 | אֶשְׂמְחָ֣ה וְאֶעֶלְצָ֣ה בָ֑ךְ אֲזַמְּרָ֖ה שִׁמְךָ֣ עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ | I will be glad and exult in Thee; I will sing praise to Thy name, O Most High: |
| 4 | בְּשׁוּב־אוֹיְבַ֥י אָח֑וֹר יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | When mine enemies are turned back, They stumble and perish at Thy presence; |
| 5 | כִּֽי־עָ֭שִׂיתָ מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י וְדִינִ֑י יָשַׁ֥בְתָּ לְ֝כִסֵּ֗א שׁוֹפֵ֥ט צֶֽדֶק׃ | For Thou hast maintained my right and my cause; Thou sattest upon the throne as the righteous Judge. |
| 6 | גָּעַ֣רְתָּ ג֭וֹיִם אִבַּ֣דְתָּ רָשָׁ֑ע שְׁמָ֥ם מָ֝חִ֗יתָ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ | Thou hast rebuked the nations, Thou hast destroyed the wicked, Thou hast blotted out their name for ever and ever. |
| 7 | הָֽאוֹיֵ֨ב ׀ תַּ֥מּוּ חֳרָב֗וֹת לָ֫נֶ֥צַח וְעָרִ֥ים נָתַ֑שְׁתָּ אָבַ֖ד זִכְרָ֣ם הֵֽמָּה׃ | O thou enemy, the waste places are come to an end for ever; And the cities which thou didst uproot, Their very memorial is perished. |
| 8 | וַֽ֭יהֹוָה לְעוֹלָ֣ם יֵשֵׁ֑ב כּוֹנֵ֖ן לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט כִּסְאֽוֹ׃ | But the LORD is enthroned for ever; He hath established His throne for judgment. |
| 9 | וְה֗וּא יִשְׁפֹּֽט־תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק יָדִ֥ין לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃ | And He will judge the world in righteousness, He will minister judgment to the peoples with equity. |
| 10 | וִ֘יהִ֤י יְהֹוָ֣ה מִשְׂגָּ֣ב לַדָּ֑ךְ מִ֝שְׂגָּ֗ב לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה׃ | The LORD also will be a high tower for the oppressed, A high tower in times of trouble; |
| 11 | וְיִבְטְח֣וּ בְ֭ךָ יוֹדְעֵ֣י שְׁמֶ֑ךָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־עָזַ֖בְתָּ דֹרְשֶׁ֣יךָ יְהֹוָֽה׃ | And they that know Thy name will put their trust in Thee; For thou, LORD, hast not forsaken them that seek Thee. |
| 12 | זַמְּר֗וּ לַ֭יהֹוָה יֹשֵׁ֣ב צִיּ֑וֹן הַגִּ֥ידוּ בָ֝עַמִּ֗ים עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו׃ | Sing praises to the LORD, who dwelleth in Zion; Declare among the peoples His doings. |
| 13 | כִּֽי־דֹרֵ֣שׁ דָּ֭מִים אוֹתָ֣ם זָכָ֑ר לֹֽא־שָׁ֝כַ֗ח צַעֲקַ֥ת (עניים) [עֲנָוִֽים]׃ | For He that avengeth blood hath remembered them; He hath not forgotten the cry of the humble. |
| 14 | חָֽנְנֵ֬נִי יְהֹוָ֗ה רְאֵ֣ה עׇ֭נְיִי מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י מְ֝רוֹמְמִ֗י מִשַּׁ֥עֲרֵי מָֽוֶת׃ | Be gracious unto me, O LORD, Behold mine affliction at the hands of them that hate me; Thou that liftest me up from the gates of death; |
| 15 | לְמַ֥עַן אֲסַפְּרָ֗ה כׇּֽל־תְּהִלָּ֫תֶ֥יךָ בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֥י בַת־צִיּ֑וֹן אָ֝גִ֗ילָה בִּישֽׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ | That I may tell of all Thy praise in the gates of the daughter of Zion, That I may rejoice in Thy salvation. |
| 16 | טָבְע֣וּ ג֭וֹיִם בְּשַׁ֣חַת עָשׂ֑וּ בְּרֶֽשֶׁת־ז֥וּ טָ֝מָ֗נוּ נִלְכְּדָ֥ה רַגְלָֽם׃ | The nations are sunk down in the pit that they made; In the net which they hid is their own foot taken. |
| 17 | נ֤וֹדַ֨ע ׀ יְהֹוָה֮ מִשְׁפָּ֢ט עָ֫שָׂ֥ה בְּפֹ֣עַל כַּ֭פָּיו נוֹקֵ֣שׁ רָשָׁ֑ע הִגָּי֥וֹן סֶֽלָה׃ | The LORD hath made Himself known, He hath executed judgment, The wicked is snared in the work of his own hands. Higgaion. Selah |
| 18 | יָשׁ֣וּבוּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה כׇּל־גּ֝וֹיִ֗ם שְׁכֵחֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | The wicked shall return to the nether-world, Even all the nations that forget God. |
| 19 | כִּ֤י לֹ֣א לָ֭נֶצַח יִשָּׁכַ֣ח אֶבְי֑וֹן תִּקְוַ֥ת (ענוים) [עֲ֝נִיִּ֗ים] תֹּאבַ֥ד לָעַֽד׃ | For the needy shall not alway be forgotten, Nor the expectation of the poor perish for ever. |
| 20 | קוּמָ֣ה יְ֭הֹוָה אַל־יָעֹ֣ז אֱנ֑וֹשׁ יִשָּׁפְט֥וּ ג֝וֹיִ֗ם עַל־פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | Arise, O LORD, let not man prevail; Let the nations be judged in Thy sight. |
| 21 | שִׁ֘יתָ֤ה יְהֹוָ֨ה ׀ מוֹרָ֗ה לָ֫הֶ֥ם יֵדְע֥וּ גוֹיִ֑ם אֱנ֖וֹשׁ הֵ֣מָּה סֶּֽלָה׃ | Set terror over them, O LORD; Let the nations know they are but men. Selah |
King James Version edit
- I will praise thee, O LORD, with my whole heart; I will shew forth all thy marvellous works.
- I will be glad and rejoice in thee: I will sing praise to thy name, O thou most High.
- When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence.
- For thou hast maintained my right and my cause; thou satest in the throne judging right.
- Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.
- O thou enemy, destructions are come to a perpetual end: and thou hast destroyed cities; their memorial is perished with them.
- But the LORD shall endure for ever: he hath prepared his throne for judgment.
- And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness.
- The LORD also will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble.
- And they that know thy name will put their trust in thee: for thou, LORD, hast not forsaken them that seek thee.
- Sing praises to the LORD, which dwelleth in Zion: declare among the people his doings.
- When he maketh inquisition for blood, he remembereth them: he forgetteth not the cry of the humble.
- Have mercy upon me, O LORD; consider my trouble which I suffer of them that hate me, thou that liftest me up from the gates of death:
- That I may shew forth all thy praise in the gates of the daughter of Zion: I will rejoice in thy salvation.
- The heathen are sunk down in the pit that they made: in the net which they hid is their own foot taken.
- The LORD is known by the judgment which he executeth: the wicked is snared in the work of his own hands. Higgaion. Selah.
- The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God.
- For the needy shall not always be forgotten: the expectation of the poor shall not perish for ever.
- Arise, O LORD; let not man prevail: let the heathen be judged in thy sight.
- Put them in fear, O LORD: that the nations may know themselves to be but men. Selah.
Structure edit
The Psalm is an acrostic Hebrew poem, and with Psalm 10 forms a single combined work.
Old Testament scholar Hermann Gunkel divided Psalm 9 as follows:[5]
- Verses 2-3: hymn-like opening song of thanksgiving
- Verses 4-5: main piece of the peace song
- Verse 6-17: transition to an eschatological hymn
In describing the structure of Psalm 9/10 there are some quite different approaches. Gunkel rated the Psalm by the alphabetical arrangement as "artificial" or "forced", saying, "One cannot place overly strict demands on the internal coherence of such a forced product. The writer was likely glad to have found a fitting word for each letter; he did not have the literary ability to mould his poem into a fully unified work of art."[6] Anders, by contrast, calls the shape of the Psalm an elegant correspondence of form.[7]
The French theologian Pierre Auffret gives the following structure for Psalm 9:[8] Psalm 9:2 to 9 corresponds to Psalm 10:6 to 15:
- in respect to the heart
- relative to the face
- in respect to the throne
- in respect to the wicked
- in respect to eternity.
Psalm 9 is the first of the acrostic Psalms, covering half of the Hebrew alphabet, with Psalm 10 covering the rest of the alphabet. There is some tension between psalms 9 and 10. Psalm 9 has a tone of victory over evil and its ancient Chaldean title suggests that it was written to celebrate David's victory over Goliath.[9] Then, as the acrostic continues into Psalm 10, the tone becomes a lament: God seemingly stands afar off. Victory over evil may be 'here and not yet'.
Dating edit
Some scholars question the Davidic authorship of this psalm: Bernhard Duhm and Emil Kautzsch date it to Maccabean times while form critic Hermann Gunkel links it the Persian era.[6]
Uses edit
Judaism edit
- Verse 4 is found in the repetition of the Amidah on Rosh Hashanah.[10]
- Verse 11 is part of Uva Letzion.[11]
- Verse 13 is part of Av Harachamim.[12]
Catholic Church edit
According to the Rule of St. Benedict (530 AD), Psalm 1 to Psalm 20 were mainly reserved for the office of Prime. In the Rule of St. Benedict, Psalm 9 is sung by the Latin version translated in the Greek of the Septuagint; therein, Psalm includes 18 additional verses in Psalm 10. Benedict divided this joint Psalm 9/10 in two parts, one sung to the end of the office of Prime Tuesday (Psalm 9: 1–19) and the other (Psalm 9: 20–21 and Psalm 10: 1–18) earlier on Wednesdays.[13] In other words, the first verses of Psalm 9 until Quoniam non in finem erit oblivio pauperis: patientia pauperum non peribit in finem, formed the third and final psalm on Tuesday, the second part of the Psalm (Vulgate according to his view) was recited as the first psalm of the office of the prime Wednesday.[14]
Psalms 9 and 10 were traditionally recited as the fourth and fifth Psalms of Sunday Matins in the Liturgy of non monks clerics and canons. In the current Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 9 is sung in the Office of Readings for Monday of the first week of the four weekly cycle of liturgical prayers.
Book of Common Prayer edit
In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the evening of the first day of the month.[15]
Musical settings edit
The French hymn and its German translation, "Ich lobe meinen Gott von ganzem Herzen", are a paraphrase of verses from Psalm 9.
Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a paraphrase in German, "Mit fröhlichem Gemüte", SWV 105, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.
François Giroust, one grand motet in 1767.
References edit
- ^ "Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 9". from the original on 2017-09-30. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
- ^ The Artscroll Tehillim page 14
- ^ "Psalms – Chapter 9". Mechon Mamre.
- ^ "Psalms 9 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
- ^ Gunkel, H., Die Psalmen (1986), p. 33
- ^ a b Hermann Gunkel, Die Psalmen (1986), p32.
- ^ Ulrich Berges: Klagelieder. (2002), p76.
- ^ Auffret, P. (2003), Que seulement de tes yeux tu regardes, p31.
- ^ Guzik, D., Study Guide for Psalm 9, Blue Letter Bible, accessed 17 June 2020
- ^ The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah page 327
- ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 157
- ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 457
- ^ Prosper Guéranger, Règle de saint Benoît, Solesmes Abbey, reprinted 2007, p. 46
- ^ Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, (1938/2003)p. 26-27.
- ^ Church of England, Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter as printed by John Baskerville in 1762, p. 196ff
External links edit
- Pieces with text from Psalm 9: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Psalm 9: Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Text of Psalm 9 according to the 1928 Psalter
- Psalms Chapter 9 text in Hebrew and English, mechon-mamre.org
- For the leader; according to Muth Labben: A psalm of David. / I will praise you, LORD, with all my heart; will declare all your wondrous deeds. text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
- Psalm 9:1 introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
- Psalm 9 – God Remembers, Man Forgets enduringword.com
- Psalm 9 / Refrain: You, Lord, have never failed those who seek you. Church of England
- Psalm 9 at biblegateway.com
- Hymns for Psalm 9 hymnary.org