In cell biology, protein turnover refers to the replacement of older proteins as they are broken down within the cell. Different types of proteins have very different turnover rates.
A balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation is required for good health and normal protein metabolism. More synthesis than breakdown indicates an anabolic state that builds lean tissues, more breakdown than synthesis indicates a catabolic state that burns lean tissues. According to D.S. Dunlop, protein turnover occurs in brain cells the same as any other eukaryotic cells, but that "knowledge of those aspects of control and regulation specific or peculiar to brain is an essential element for understanding brain function."[3]
Protein turnover is believed to decrease with age in all senescent organisms including humans. This results in an increase in the amount of damaged protein within the body.
Protein turnover in the exercise scienceedit
Four weeks of aerobic exercise has been shown to increase skeletal muscle protein turnover in previously unfit individuals.[4] A diet high in protein increases whole body turnover in endurance athletes.[5][6]
Some bodybuilding supplements claim to reduce the protein breakdown by reducing or blocking the number of catabolic hormones within the body. This is believed to increase anabolism. However, if protein breakdown falls too low then the body would not be able to remove muscle cells that have been damaged during workouts which would in turn prevent the growth of new muscle cells.
^Eden E, Geva-Zatorsky N, Issaeva I, Cohen A, Dekel E, Danon T, et al. (February 2011). "Proteome half-life dynamics in living human cells". Science. 331 (6018): 764–768. doi:10.1126/science.1199784. PMID 21233346.
^Dunlop DS (1983). "Protein Turnover in Brain Synthesis and Degradation". Handbook of Neurochemistry. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4555-6_2. ISBN978-1-4899-4557-0.
^Pikosky MA, Gaine PC, Martin WF, Grabarz KC, Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR, Rodriguez NR (February 2006). "Aerobic exercise training increases skeletal muscle protein turnover in healthy adults at rest". The Journal of Nutrition. 136 (2): 379–383. doi:10.1093/jn/136.2.379. PMID 16424115.
^Gaine PC, Pikosky MA, Martin WF, Bolster DR, Maresh CM, Rodriguez NR (April 2006). "Level of dietary protein impacts whole body protein turnover in trained males at rest". Metabolism. 55 (4): 501–507. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.10.012. PMID 16546481.
^Bolster DR, Pikosky MA, Gaine PC, Martin W, Wolfe RR, Tipton KD, et al. (October 2005). "Dietary protein intake impacts human skeletal muscle protein fractional synthetic rates after endurance exercise". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 289 (4): E678–E683. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00060.2005. PMID 15914508.
This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
protein, turnover, example, protein, half, lives, name, half, lifecollagen, yearseye, lens, crystallin, yearsrfc1, hoursrps8, hoursornithine, decarboxylase, minutesin, cell, biology, protein, turnover, refers, replacement, older, proteins, they, broken, down, . Example protein half lives 1 2 Name Half LifeCollagen 117 yearsEye lens crystallin gt 70 yearsRFC1 9 hoursRPS8 3 hoursOrnithine decarboxylase 11 minutesIn cell biology protein turnover refers to the replacement of older proteins as they are broken down within the cell Different types of proteins have very different turnover rates A balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation is required for good health and normal protein metabolism More synthesis than breakdown indicates an anabolic state that builds lean tissues more breakdown than synthesis indicates a catabolic state that burns lean tissues According to D S Dunlop protein turnover occurs in brain cells the same as any other eukaryotic cells but that knowledge of those aspects of control and regulation specific or peculiar to brain is an essential element for understanding brain function 3 Protein turnover is believed to decrease with age in all senescent organisms including humans This results in an increase in the amount of damaged protein within the body Protein turnover in the exercise science editFour weeks of aerobic exercise has been shown to increase skeletal muscle protein turnover in previously unfit individuals 4 A diet high in protein increases whole body turnover in endurance athletes 5 6 Some bodybuilding supplements claim to reduce the protein breakdown by reducing or blocking the number of catabolic hormones within the body This is believed to increase anabolism However if protein breakdown falls too low then the body would not be able to remove muscle cells that have been damaged during workouts which would in turn prevent the growth of new muscle cells References edit Toyama BH Hetzer MW January 2013 Protein homeostasis live long won t prosper Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 14 1 55 61 doi 10 1038 nrm3496 PMC 3570024 PMID 23258296 Eden E Geva Zatorsky N Issaeva I Cohen A Dekel E Danon T et al February 2011 Proteome half life dynamics in living human cells Science 331 6018 764 768 doi 10 1126 science 1199784 PMID 21233346 Dunlop DS 1983 Protein Turnover in Brain Synthesis and Degradation Handbook of Neurochemistry pp 25 63 doi 10 1007 978 1 4899 4555 6 2 ISBN 978 1 4899 4557 0 Pikosky MA Gaine PC Martin WF Grabarz KC Ferrando AA Wolfe RR Rodriguez NR February 2006 Aerobic exercise training increases skeletal muscle protein turnover in healthy adults at rest The Journal of Nutrition 136 2 379 383 doi 10 1093 jn 136 2 379 PMID 16424115 Gaine PC Pikosky MA Martin WF Bolster DR Maresh CM Rodriguez NR April 2006 Level of dietary protein impacts whole body protein turnover in trained males at rest Metabolism 55 4 501 507 doi 10 1016 j metabol 2005 10 012 PMID 16546481 Bolster DR Pikosky MA Gaine PC Martin W Wolfe RR Tipton KD et al October 2005 Dietary protein intake impacts human skeletal muscle protein fractional synthetic rates after endurance exercise American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 289 4 E678 E683 doi 10 1152 ajpendo 00060 2005 PMID 15914508 nbsp This protein related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Protein turnover amp oldid 1172481304, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
