A prospective cohort study is a longitudinalcohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.[1] For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits, to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers, and then nonsmokers.
Case–control study versus cohort on a timeline. "OR" stands for "odds ratio" and "RR" stands for "relative risk".
The prospective study is important for research on the etiology of diseases and disorders. The distinguishing feature of a prospective cohort study is that at the time that the investigators begin enrolling subjects and collecting baseline exposure information, none of the subjects have developed any of the outcomes of interest.[2] After baseline information is collected, subjects in a prospective cohort study are then followed "longitudinally," i.e. over a period of time, usually for years, to determine if and when they become diseased and whether their exposure status changes outcomes. In this way, investigators can eventually use the data to answer many questions about the associations between "risk factors" and disease outcomes. For example, one could identify smokers and non-smokers at baseline and compare their subsequent incidence of developing heart disease. Alternatively, one could group subjects based on their body mass index (BMI) and compare their risk of developing heart disease or cancer. Prospective cohort studies are typically ranked higher in the hierarchy of evidence than retrospective cohort studies[3] and can be more expensive than a case–control study.[4]
One of the advantages of prospective cohort studies is they can help determine risk factors for being infected with a new disease because they are a longitudinal observation over time, and the collection of results is at regular time intervals, so recall error is minimized.[5]
The Strengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommends that authors refrain from calling a study ‘prospective’ or ‘retrospective’ due to these terms having contradictory and overlapping definitions.[6] STROBE also recommends that whenever authors use these words, they specify which definition they use, including a detailed description of how and when data collection took place.
^"Definition of prospective cohort study - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms".
^LaMorte, Wayne. "Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Studies". Boston University College of Public Health. Retrieved Nov 25, 2013.
^Euser, Anne M.; Zoccali, Carmine; Jager, Kitty J.; Dekker, Friedo W. (2009). "Cohort Studies: Prospective versus Retrospective". Nephron Clinical Practice. 113 (3): c214–c217. doi:10.1159/000235241. PMID 19690438. S2CID 8471855.
^Manolio TA, Bailey-Wilson JE, Collins FS (October 2006). "Genes, environment and the value of prospective cohort studies". Nat. Rev. Genet. 7 (10): 812–20. doi:10.1038/nrg1919. PMID 16983377. S2CID 20773705.
^Porta M (editor). A dictionary of epidemiology. 5th. edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Edited by Miquel Porta . Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
^Vandenbroucke, Jan P; von Elm, Erik; Altman, Douglas G; Gøtzsche, Peter C; Mulrow, Cynthia D; Pocock, Stuart J; Poole, Charles; Schlesselman, James J; Egger, Matthias (2007-10-01). "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration". PLOS Medicine. 4 (10): e297. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297. ISSN 1549-1277. PMC2020496. PMID 17941715.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
prospective, cohort, study, other, uses, prospective, prospective, disambiguation, prospective, cohort, study, longitudinal, cohort, study, that, follows, over, time, group, similar, individuals, cohorts, differ, with, respect, certain, factors, under, study, . For other uses of prospective see Prospective disambiguation A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals cohorts who differ with respect to certain factors under study to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome 1 For example one might follow a cohort of middle aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits to test the hypothesis that the 20 year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers followed by moderate smokers and then nonsmokers Case control study versus cohort on a timeline OR stands for odds ratio and RR stands for relative risk The prospective study is important for research on the etiology of diseases and disorders The distinguishing feature of a prospective cohort study is that at the time that the investigators begin enrolling subjects and collecting baseline exposure information none of the subjects have developed any of the outcomes of interest 2 After baseline information is collected subjects in a prospective cohort study are then followed longitudinally i e over a period of time usually for years to determine if and when they become diseased and whether their exposure status changes outcomes In this way investigators can eventually use the data to answer many questions about the associations between risk factors and disease outcomes For example one could identify smokers and non smokers at baseline and compare their subsequent incidence of developing heart disease Alternatively one could group subjects based on their body mass index BMI and compare their risk of developing heart disease or cancer Prospective cohort studies are typically ranked higher in the hierarchy of evidence than retrospective cohort studies 3 and can be more expensive than a case control study 4 One of the advantages of prospective cohort studies is they can help determine risk factors for being infected with a new disease because they are a longitudinal observation over time and the collection of results is at regular time intervals so recall error is minimized 5 Contents 1 Reporting 2 Examples 3 See also 4 ReferencesReporting editThe Strengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology STROBE recommends that authors refrain from calling a study prospective or retrospective due to these terms having contradictory and overlapping definitions 6 STROBE also recommends that whenever authors use these words they specify which definition they use including a detailed description of how and when data collection took place Examples editCaerphilly Heart Disease Study UK Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Etude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement CLSA ELCV The CARTaGENE cohort Quebec s largest prospective study Quebec Canada Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey the Philippines Framingham Heart Study USA Million Women Study UK Rotterdam Study Netherlands Tsimane Amazonian Panel Study Bolivia The UK biobank UKSee also editRetrospective cohort study Blinded experiment Clinical trial Therapeutic effect RandomizationReferences edit Definition of prospective cohort study NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms LaMorte Wayne Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Studies Boston University College of Public Health Retrieved Nov 25 2013 Euser Anne M Zoccali Carmine Jager Kitty J Dekker Friedo W 2009 Cohort Studies Prospective versus Retrospective Nephron Clinical Practice 113 3 c214 c217 doi 10 1159 000235241 PMID 19690438 S2CID 8471855 Manolio TA Bailey Wilson JE Collins FS October 2006 Genes environment and the value of prospective cohort studies Nat Rev Genet 7 10 812 20 doi 10 1038 nrg1919 PMID 16983377 S2CID 20773705 Porta M editor A dictionary of epidemiology 5th edition New York Oxford University Press 2008 Edited by Miquel Porta Oxford University Press A Dictionary of Epidemiology Miquel Porta Archived from the original on 2011 06 04 Retrieved 2011 04 21 Vandenbroucke Jan P von Elm Erik Altman Douglas G Gotzsche Peter C Mulrow Cynthia D Pocock Stuart J Poole Charles Schlesselman James J Egger Matthias 2007 10 01 Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology STROBE Explanation and Elaboration PLOS Medicine 4 10 e297 doi 10 1371 journal pmed 0040297 ISSN 1549 1277 PMC 2020496 PMID 17941715 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint unflagged free DOI link nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms U S National Cancer Institute Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prospective cohort study amp oldid 1178575281, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
