Professional Footballers' Association
The Professional Footballers' Association (PFA) is the trade union for professional association footballers in England and Wales. Founded in 1907, it is the world's oldest professional sport trade union, and has over 5,000 members.
Professional Footballers' Association | |
| Founded | 1907 |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | 20 Oxford Court, Bishopsgate, Manchester |
| Location |
|
Members | 5,000 |
Key people |
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| Affiliations | TUC, GFTU, FEU, FIFPro |
| Website | thepfa.com |
The aims of the PFA are to protect, improve and negotiate the conditions, rights and status of all professional players by collective bargaining agreements.[1]
The PFA is affiliated with the Professional Footballers' Association Scotland. The Northern Ireland PFA disbanded in 1995.[2]
Following internal and external criticism, the PFA committed to reform and modernise, adopting new governance rules in 2020 and a new chief executive in 2021, but later that year sparked protest when it decided not to publish an independent review.[3]
History
The Players' Union
The PFA was formed on 2 December 1907 as the Association Football Players' and Trainers' Union (AFPTU; commonly referred to at the time as the Players' Union). On that date, Charlie Roberts and Billy Meredith (who had been involved in the AFU), both of Manchester United, convened the Players' Union at Manchester's Imperial Hotel.
This was the second attempt to organise a union of professional footballers in England, after the Association Footballers' Union (the "AFU"), formed in 1898, had been dissolved in 1901. The AFU had failed in its objectives of bringing about a relaxation of the restrictions on the movement of players from one club to another in the Football League and preventing the introduction of a maximum wage of £4 per week for players in the Football League.
Like the AFU before it, the Players' Union intended to challenge the maximum wage and the restriction on transfers, in the form of the "retain and transfer" system.
Threatened strike action in 1909
When the Players' Union made its objectives clear in 1909, the Football Association withdrew its recognition of the Union, which at that time was seeking to join the U.K.'s General Federation of Trade Unions ('GFTU').
In response, the Union threatened strike action. The Football Association in turn banned players affiliated with the AFPTU before the start of the 1909–10 season. The ban saw membership of the Union fall. However, players from Manchester United refused to relinquish their membership. League clubs turned to amateur players to replace players that had been banned, but Manchester United were not able to find enough replacements, risking the cancellation of their opening fixture at home to Bradford City. The Manchester United players were called "Outcasts FC".[4]
The deadlock swung in favour of the Union when Tim Coleman of Everton came out in support of the Union. Coleman's intervention resuscitated support for the Union, which regained its strength of numbers. Agreement was reached on official recognition for the Union in exchange for allowing bonus payments to be made to players to supplement the maximum wage. The maximum wage remained for more than another half century.[5]
Continuing battles with the Football League
The 1910s saw the Union backing a challenge by Herbert Kingaby against the retain and transfer system in the courts. Kingaby brought legal proceedings against his former employers, Aston Villa, for preventing him from playing. The Players' Union funded the proceedings. Erroneous strategy by Kingaby's counsel resulted in the suit ending disastrously for the Union.[6] The Union were almost ruined financially and membership fell drastically.
Although membership increased from 300 in 1915 to well over 1000 by 1920 this did not herald a new era of radicalism among the rank-and-file. Widespread unemployment heralded declines in attendance at Football League matches at a time when many clubs had, once again, committed themselves to expensive ground improvement programmes in the expectation that the post-war spectator boom would continue indefinitely. Inevitably, this caused financial difficulties at many clubs. Clubs believed their problems were due to players' excessive wages rather than over-expansion. In the spring of 1922, they persuaded the League authorities to arbitrarily impose a £1 cut to the maximum wage (£9 a week at that time) and force clubs to reduce the wages of players who were on less than the maximum. Legal proceedings backed by the Players' Union this time established that clubs could not unilaterally impose a cut in players' contracted wages.[6]
Between 1946 and 1957 the Chairman of the Union was former Portsmouth captain Jimmy Guthrie. His book Soccer Rebel, published in 1976, documents his chairmanship and the struggle of the Union to improve the lot of professional footballers in the years preceding the abolition of the maximum wage.
In 1955, the union affiliated to the Trades Union Congress (TUC).[7]
Modernisation
In 1956, Jimmy Hill became secretary of the Players' Union. He soon changed the union's name to the Professional Footballers' Association (the "PFA"), changing a blue collar image to one in keeping with the new wave of working-class actors and entertainers.[8]
In 1957, Jimmy Hill became chairman of the PFA and campaigned to have the Football League's £20 maximum wage scrapped, which he achieved in January 1961.[9] His Fulham teammate Johnny Haynes became the first £100 player.
The PFA also backed George Eastham in his legal action against the retain and transfer system, providing him with £15,000 to pay for his legal fees. The case was brought against his former club, Newcastle United, in the High Court. In 1963, The Court held that the retain and transfer system was an unreasonable restraint of trade.
From 1960, the union began representing trainers, and for a time was known as the "Professional Footballers' and Trainers' Association".[7]
The union decided to register under the Industrial Relations Act 1971, something the TUC opposed. As a result, it left the TUC in 1973, finally rejoining in 1995.[7]
Sexism controversy
In 1997 some Sheffield United players invited their agent, Rachel Anderson, to the annual awards dinner.[10] Anderson was turned away by then PFA Deputy Chief Executive Brendon Batson because she is a woman.[11]
The following year, when West Ham United F.C. player Julian Dicks invited Anderson to attend the dinner,[11] Anderson contacted the PFA to find out what their reaction would be.[10] On receiving a response that she would indeed be banned Anderson decided to go public and take the PFA to court.[11] As a result, the Minister for Sport, Tony Banks, and the Chief Executive of The Football Association, Graham Kelly boycotted the event.[12]
Anderson won in court and the financial cost to the PFA was considerable, Anderson suggests "over £200,000",[10] of which she received £7,500 for "hurt feelings" and an undisclosed amount for "reasonable costs".[11]
In 2013 the PFA instituted awards for the PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year. Kim Little was the recipient in the first year.[13]
Dispute with Ben Purkiss
In November 2018 it became public that Ben Purkiss' eligibility to be Chairman was in dispute.[14] More than 200 players wrote an open letter calling on chief executive Gordon Taylor to stand down.[15] Taylor wrote an open letter in response[16] promising a full and open review of the union's structure and operation. At its 2018 AGM, held in Manchester in March 2019, it was agreed that Taylor, Purkiss and the entire management committee would stand down following the completion of a "full and open review" into the PFA's finances and its presentation at the 2019 AGM,[17]
PFA Awards
In 1974, the PFA created three awards to be given to players – or people who have contributed a lot to the game – every year.[citation needed]
- Players' Player of the Year award: Given to the player voted the best of the season by his fellow players.
- Young Player of the Year award: Given to the young player voted the best of the season by the PFA.
- Merit Award: Given to the person who has contributed the most to football over the season, as voted for by the PFA.
In 1974 they introduced the first team based award:
- Team of the Year award: Given to eleven players in each league (forty-four players in total) who are deemed the best of the season by the PFA.
In 2001, they created another award:[citation needed]
- Fans' Player of the Year award: Given to the player voted the best of the season by the fans.
In 2013 and 2014 respectively, the PFA instituted the first female awards:
- PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year award: Given to the female player voted the best of the season by her fellow players.[13]
- PFA Young Women's Player of the Year award: Given to the young female player voted the best of the season by the PFA.[18]
At this time the PFA Player of the Year award was renamed Men's PFA Player of the Year[19] and the PFA Young Player of the Year was renamed Men's PFA Young Player of the Year.[20]
In 2020, the PFA added another award for the women:
- Fans' Women Player of the Year award: Given to the player voted the best of the WSL season by the fans.[21]
Present day objectives
In association with other football bodies, the PFA are the managing agents for the "Football Scholarship Programme" and the "Football in the Community Programme".
It is a member of the Institute of Professional Sport and FIFPro – the confederation of international football players' unions – as well as the Trades Union Congress.
The PFA also fund various education programmes for ex and current players. The oldest is a link with the University of Salford which has been running since 1991 and which by 2007 had seen over 70 players complete degrees in Physiotherapy. Additionally players complete Sports Science degrees from Manchester Metropolitan University and Professional Sports Writing and Broadcasting degrees at Staffordshire University,[22][23] in addition to other programmes including fitness training, training to become driving instructors and various other initiatives.
From 2001/02 season, the PFA worked closely with the Press Association as part of the Football Live project, to manage a team of up to 80 ex-professional footballers to provide statistical information live from all English Football Matches. This agreement switched to OPTA when they successfully took over the supply of data from 2012/13 season.
The PFA also funds a residential rehabilitation scheme that allows any injured member to attend the Lilleshall Sports Injury Rehabilitation centre for physiotherapy and sports injury treatment free of charge to the player or club. The scheme is designed to complement the medical care available at the players own club. Many club Physios refer their players to Lilleshall with the intention of providing a change of environment. This helps to maintain the motivation & interest of long term injured players. The free sports injury and physiotherapy services are based at the Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre in Shropshire.[24][25]
Centenary
2007 brought along the 100th year since the foundation of The Players Union, and to commemorate the centenary year, the PFA launched their "One Goal One Million" campaign. The campaign involved a whole year of celebratory fund-raising activities with the aim of raising £1 million to fully fund a new children's rehabilitation and physiotherapy unit at the University Children’s Hospital, Manchester. Throughout the year the PFA ran a number of high-profile events involving current and former players and managers with the sole purpose of reaching the £1 million target.[26] Events included a pro-celebrity golf event, race days and initiatives involving younger supporters. On the day that the PFA was formed in 1907 – 2 December – there was a match between an England Legends XI – captained by Alan Shearer and managed by Terry Venables – and a World Legends XI – captained by Gianfranco Zola and managed by Jürgen Klinsmann – culminating in a gala dinner in the evening involving a host of top entertainers.
In December of the centenary year, the PFA issued Fans' Favourites; a list of the favourite players at each Football League club. In making the selection, the PFA canvassed the opinions of the supporters of present, and some former, League clubs about their favourite player.[27]
Key personnel
Management committee
- Omar Beckles (Chair)
- Danielle Carter
- Peter Clarke
- Troy Deeney
- Kevin Ellison
- George Friend
- Steph Houghton
- Tom Heaton
- Chris McCready
- Wes Morgan
- Marvin Sordell
- Peter Vincenti
Chairs
- 1907: Harry Mainman[28]
- 1910: Evelyn Lintott[28]
- 1911: Colin Veitch[28]
- 1919: Charlie Roberts[28]
- 1921: Jimmy Lawrence[28]
- 1922: Jimmy Fay[28]
- 1929: Howard Matthews[28]
- 1930: Arthur Wood[28]
- 1931: David Robbie[28]
- 1936: Albert Barrett[28]
- 1937: Sammy Crooks[28]
- 1946: Jimmy Guthrie[28]
- 1956: Jimmy Hill[28]
- 1961: Tommy Cummings[28]
- 1963: Malcolm Musgrove[28]
- 1966: Noel Cantwell[28]
- 1967: Terry Neill[28]
- 1970: Derek Dougan[28]
- 1978: Gordon Taylor[28]
- 1980: Alan Gowling[28]
- 1982: Steve Coppell[28]
- 1983:
- 1984: Brian Talbot
- 1988: Garth Crooks
- 1990: Brian Marwood
- 1993: Pat Nevin
- 1997: Barry Horne
- 2001: Nick Cusack[29]
- 2002: Richard Jobson
- 2003: Dean Holdsworth
- 2005: Chris Powell
- 2010: Clarke Carlisle
- 2013: Ritchie Humphreys
- 2017: Ben Purkiss
- 2021: John Mousinho
- 2023: Omar Beckles
Chief Executives
This position was originally named "secretary".
- 1907: Herbert Broomfield[28]
- 1910: Albert Owen[28]
- 1913: Harry Newbould[28]
- 1929: Jimmy Fay[28]
- 1953: Cliff Lloyd[28]
- 1981: Gordon Taylor[28]
- 2021: Maheta Molango[28]
Deputy Chief Executives
- Not Applicable
PFA Executives
See also
References
- ^ The Professional Footballers' Association – About the PFA 9 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Irish League Footballing Greats, Northern Ireland PFA Player of the Year". 19 September 2007.
- ^ Burt, Jason (21 December 2021). "Gary Lineker and Kevin Keegan among 190 footballers demanding PFA publish report of independent review". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ McMillan, Ian (20 October 2009). "A forgotten part of Manchester United's history". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ How players won football's 100 years war 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Independent.co.uk
- ^ a b . webjcli.ncl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ a b c Arthur Marsh and John B. Smethurst, Historical Directory of Trade Unions, vol.5, p.326
- ^ "From Meredith to Powell: 100 years of PFA chairmen". Professional Footballers' Association. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ^ Harding, John (2009). Behind The Glory 100 Years of the PFA. pp. 141–145. ISBN 978-1-85983-682-8.
- ^ a b c "Anderson backs women in sport". skysports.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ a b c d Kessel, Anna (27 April 2013). "Agent of change Rachel Anderson gains entry to a man's world – the PFA". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ "Football: Banks and Kelly boycott men-only date". independent.co.uk. 1 April 1998. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ a b PFA, The. . www.thepfa.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ "Ben Purkiss: PFA disappointed 'dispute' has become public knowledge". 16 November 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ Conn, David (18 November 2018). "More than 200 footballers endorse call for Gordon Taylor to step down at PFA". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ Bartlett, Evan (21 November 2018). "Gordon Taylor's open letter to PFA members – in full". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Gordon Taylor: PFA chief executive to step down after 38 years". 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ http://www.thepfa.com/thepfa/pfaawards/martha-harris-wypoty 28 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine,
- ^ . Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ . Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Frith, Wilf (24 August 2020). "Miedema wins PFA Bristol Street Motors Fans' Player of the Year Award". Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ Hats off to our super students 11 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "www.educationalsportsforum.co.uk" (PDF). www.educationalsportsforum.co.uk. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ . lilleshall.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ "Please login - Turn2us". www.turn2us.org.uk. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ The Professional Footballers' Association – Introduction 17 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Smith, Martin (19 December 2007). . The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Redhead, Steve (1984). The legalisation of the professional footballer (PDF). Warwick: University of Warwick. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ "Cusack in the PFA chair". BBC Sport. 7 November 2001.
Further reading
- Jimmy Guthrie (1976). Soccer Rebel: The Evolution of the Professional Footballer. Pentagon Books. ISBN 0-904288-08-0.
- John Harding (2014) Behind The Glory The Official History of the Professional Footballers Association DB Publishing ISBN 978-1780913865
- Jimmy Hill (1961) Striking for Soccer Peter Davies, London & Sportsmans Book Club, London 1963
External links
- The Official website of the Professional Footballers' Association