The Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is a community general numerical model for ocean circulation that can be used to simulate and predict oceanic currents, temperatures, salinities and other water properties. POM-WEB [1] and POMusers.org [2]
The model code[3] was originally developed at Princeton University (G. Mellor and Alan Blumberg) in collaboration with Dynalysis of Princeton (H. James Herring, Richard C. Patchen). The model incorporates the Mellor–Yamada turbulence scheme developed in the early 1970s by George Mellor and Ted Yamada; this turbulence sub-model is widely used by oceanic and atmospheric models. At the time, early computer ocean models such as the Bryan–Cox model (developed in the late 1960s at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, GFDL, and later became the Modular Ocean Model, MOM)), were aimed mostly at coarse-resolution simulations of the large-scale ocean circulation, so there was a need for a numerical model that can handle high-resolution coastal ocean processes. The Blumberg–Mellor[4] model (which later became POM) thus included new features such as free surface to handle tides, sigma vertical coordinates (i.e., terrain-following) to handle complex topographies and shallow regions, a curvilinear grid to better handle coastlines, and a turbulence scheme to handle vertical mixing. At the early 1980s the model was used primarily to simulate estuaries such as the Hudson–Raritan Estuary (by Leo Oey) and the Delaware Bay (Boris Galperin), but also first attempts to use a sigma coordinate model for basin-scale problems have started with the coarse resolution model of the Gulf of Mexico (Blumberg and Mellor) and models of the Arctic Ocean (with the inclusion of ice-ocean coupling by Lakshmi Kantha and Sirpa Hakkinen).
In the early 1990s when the web and browsers started to be developed, POM became one of the first ocean model codes that were provided free of charge to users through the web.[5] The establishment of the POM users group and its web support (by Tal Ezer) resulted in a continuous increase in the number of POM users which grew from about a dozen U.S. users in the 1980s to over 1000 users in 2000 and over 4000 users by 2009; there are users from over 70 different countries. In the 1990s the usage of POM expands to simulations of the Mediterranean Sea (Zavatarelli[6]) and the first simulations with a sigma coordinate model of the entire Atlantic Ocean[7] for climate research (Ezer). The development of the Mellor–Ezer optimal interpolation data assimilation scheme[8] that projects surface satellite data into deep layers allows the construction of the first ocean forecast systems for the Gulf Stream[9] and the U.S. east coast running operationally at the NOAA's National Weather Service (Frank Aikman and others[10]). Operational forecast system for other regions such as the Great Lakes, the Gulf of Mexico (Oey), the Gulf of Maine (Huijie Xue) and the Hudson River (Blumberg) followed. For more information on applications of the model, see the searchable database of over 1800 POM-related publications.[11]
Derivatives and other modelsedit
In the late 1990s and the 2000s many other terrain-following community ocean models have been developed; some of their features can be traced back to features included in the original POM, other features are additional numerical and parameterization improvements. Several ocean models are direct descendants of POM such as the commercial version of POM known as the estuarine and coastal ocean model (ECOM), the navy coastal ocean model (NCOM) and the finite-volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM). Recent developments in POM include a generalized coordinate system that combines sigma and z-level grids (Mellor and Ezer), inundation features that allow simulations of wetting and drying (e.g., flood of land area) (Oey), and coupling ocean currents with surface waves (Mellor). Efforts to improve turbulent mixing also continue (Galperin, Kantha, Mellor and others).
Users' meetingsedit
POM users' meetings were held every few years, and in recent years the meetings were extended to include other models and renamed the International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO). Meeting Pages: [12] List of meetings:
1. 1996, June 10–12, Princeton, NJ, USA (POM96)
2. 1998, February 17–19, Miami, FL, USA (POM98)
3. 1999, September 20–22, Bar Harbor, ME, USA (SigMod99)
4. 2001, August 20–22, Boulder, CO, USA (SigMod01)
5. 2003, August 4–6, Seattle, WA, USA (SigMod03)
6. 2009, February 23–26, Taipei, Taiwan (1st IWMO-2009)
7. 2010, May 24–26, Norfolk, VA, USA (2nd IWMO-2010; IWMO-2010)
8. 2011, June 6–9, Qingdao, China (3rd IWMO-2011; IWMO-2011)
9. 2012, May 21–24, Yokohama, Japan (4th IWMO-2012; [1])
10. 2013, June 17–20, Bergen, Norway (5th IWMO-2013; )
11. 2014,June 23–27, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (6th IWMO-2014; [3])
12. 2015, June 1–5, Canberra, Australia (7th IWMO-2015; [4]).
13. 2016, June 7–10, Bologna, Italy (8th IWMO-2016;[5]).
14. 2017, July 3–6, Seoul, South Korea (9th IWMO-2017;[6]).
15. 2018, June 25–28, Santos, Brazil (10th IWMO-2018;[7]).
16. 2019, June 17–20, Wuxi, China (11th IWMO-2019;[8]).
17. 2022. June 28-July 1, Ann Arbor, MI (12th IWMO-2022).
17. 2023, June 27–30, Hamburg, Germany (13th IWMO-2023).
Reviewed papers from the IWMO meetings are published by Ocean Dynamics[13] in special issues (IWMO-2009 Part-I,[14] IWMO-2009 Part-II,[15] IWMO-2010,[16] IWMO-2011,[17] IWMO-2012,[18] IWMO-2013,[19] IWMO-2014[20]).
^Blumberg, A. F. and G. L. Mellor, A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model. Three-Dimensional Coastal ocean Models, edited by N. Heaps, 208 pp., American Geophysical Union., 1987
^, The Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (AOS), Princeton University, archived from the original on July 2, 2010, retrieved November 13, 2010
^Zavatarelli, M. and G. L. Mellor, A numerical study of the Mediterranean Sea circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., Vol. 25, No. 6, Part II, 1384–1414, 1995
^Ezer, T. and G. L. Mellor, Simulations of the Atlantic Ocean with a free surface sigma coordinate ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C7), 15,647–15,657, 1997.
^Mellor, G. L. and T. Ezer, A Gulf Stream model and an altimetry assimilation scheme, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8779–8795, 1991.
^Ezer, T. and G. L. Mellor, A numerical study of the variability and the separation of the Gulf Stream, induced by surface atmospheric forcing and lateral boundary flows. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 660–682, 1992
^Aikman, F., G. L. Mellor, T. Ezer, D. Shenin, P. Chen, L. Breaker, and D. B. Rao, Toward an operational nowcast/forecast system for the U.S. east coast, In: Modern Approaches to Data Assimilation in Ocean Modeling, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli Ed., Elsevier Oceanog. Ser., 61, 347–376, 1996.
^Oey, L.-Y., Ezer, T., C.-R. Wu and Y. Miyazawa, Editorial- International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO) special issue in Ocean Dynamics, Ocean Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s10236-010-0281-7, 60(2), 299–300, 2010.
^Oey, L.-Y., Ezer, T., C.-R. Wu and Y. Miyazawa, Editorial- International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO) special issue part 2 in Ocean Dynamics, Ocean Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s10236-010-0338-7, 60(5), 1271–1272, 2010.
^Ezer, T, L.-Y. Oey, H. Xue and X. H. Wang, Editorial- The 2nd International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO-2010), Ocean Dyn., doi:10.1007/s10236-011-0470-z, 61(9),1287–1289, 2011.
^Oey, L.-Y., Ezer, T, B. Qiu, J. Berntsen and R. He, Editorial- The 3rd International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO-2011), Ocean Dyn., doi:10.1007/s10236-013-0595-3, 2013.
^Oey, L.-Y., Y. Miyazawa, N. Aiki, Y. Masumoto, Ezer, T and T. Waseda (2013), Editorial- The 4th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO-2012), Ocean Dyn., 63(11–12), 1345–1347, doi:10.1007/s10236-013-0658-5.
^Berntsen, J., L.-Y. Oey, T. Ezer, R. Greatbatch, H. Xue, and Y. Miyazawa (2014), Editorial- The 5th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO-2013), Topical Collection, Ocean Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s10236-014-0764-z
^Oey, L.-Y., T. Ezer, J. Sheng, F. Chai, J. Gan, K. Lamb and Y. Miyazawa (2016), Editorial – The 6th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO 2014), Ocean Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s10236-016-1028-x.
External linksedit
POM-WEB page (registration and information)
MPI-POM and Taiwan Ocean Prediction (TOP) June 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
March 13, 2024
princeton, ocean, model, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tools, avai. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Princeton Ocean Model news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Princeton Ocean Model POM is a community general numerical model for ocean circulation that can be used to simulate and predict oceanic currents temperatures salinities and other water properties POM WEB 1 and POMusers org 2 Contents 1 Development 2 Derivatives and other models 3 Users meetings 4 References 5 External linksDevelopment editThe model code 3 was originally developed at Princeton University G Mellor and Alan Blumberg in collaboration with Dynalysis of Princeton H James Herring Richard C Patchen The model incorporates the Mellor Yamada turbulence scheme developed in the early 1970s by George Mellor and Ted Yamada this turbulence sub model is widely used by oceanic and atmospheric models At the time early computer ocean models such as the Bryan Cox model developed in the late 1960s at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GFDL and later became the Modular Ocean Model MOM were aimed mostly at coarse resolution simulations of the large scale ocean circulation so there was a need for a numerical model that can handle high resolution coastal ocean processes The Blumberg Mellor 4 model which later became POM thus included new features such as free surface to handle tides sigma vertical coordinates i e terrain following to handle complex topographies and shallow regions a curvilinear grid to better handle coastlines and a turbulence scheme to handle vertical mixing At the early 1980s the model was used primarily to simulate estuaries such as the Hudson Raritan Estuary by Leo Oey and the Delaware Bay Boris Galperin but also first attempts to use a sigma coordinate model for basin scale problems have started with the coarse resolution model of the Gulf of Mexico Blumberg and Mellor and models of the Arctic Ocean with the inclusion of ice ocean coupling by Lakshmi Kantha and Sirpa Hakkinen In the early 1990s when the web and browsers started to be developed POM became one of the first ocean model codes that were provided free of charge to users through the web 5 The establishment of the POM users group and its web support by Tal Ezer resulted in a continuous increase in the number of POM users which grew from about a dozen U S users in the 1980s to over 1000 users in 2000 and over 4000 users by 2009 there are users from over 70 different countries In the 1990s the usage of POM expands to simulations of the Mediterranean Sea Zavatarelli 6 and the first simulations with a sigma coordinate model of the entire Atlantic Ocean 7 for climate research Ezer The development of the Mellor Ezer optimal interpolation data assimilation scheme 8 that projects surface satellite data into deep layers allows the construction of the first ocean forecast systems for the Gulf Stream 9 and the U S east coast running operationally at the NOAA s National Weather Service Frank Aikman and others 10 Operational forecast system for other regions such as the Great Lakes the Gulf of Mexico Oey the Gulf of Maine Huijie Xue and the Hudson River Blumberg followed For more information on applications of the model see the searchable database of over 1800 POM related publications 11 Derivatives and other models editIn the late 1990s and the 2000s many other terrain following community ocean models have been developed some of their features can be traced back to features included in the original POM other features are additional numerical and parameterization improvements Several ocean models are direct descendants of POM such as the commercial version of POM known as the estuarine and coastal ocean model ECOM the navy coastal ocean model NCOM and the finite volume coastal ocean model FVCOM Recent developments in POM include a generalized coordinate system that combines sigma and z level grids Mellor and Ezer inundation features that allow simulations of wetting and drying e g flood of land area Oey and coupling ocean currents with surface waves Mellor Efforts to improve turbulent mixing also continue Galperin Kantha Mellor and others Users meetings editPOM users meetings were held every few years and in recent years the meetings were extended to include other models and renamed the International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean IWMO Meeting Pages 12 List of meetings 1 1996 June 10 12 Princeton NJ USA POM96 2 1998 February 17 19 Miami FL USA POM98 3 1999 September 20 22 Bar Harbor ME USA SigMod99 4 2001 August 20 22 Boulder CO USA SigMod01 5 2003 August 4 6 Seattle WA USA SigMod03 6 2009 February 23 26 Taipei Taiwan 1st IWMO 2009 7 2010 May 24 26 Norfolk VA USA 2nd IWMO 2010 IWMO 2010 8 2011 June 6 9 Qingdao China 3rd IWMO 2011 IWMO 2011 9 2012 May 21 24 Yokohama Japan 4th IWMO 2012 1 10 2013 June 17 20 Bergen Norway 5th IWMO 2013 2 11 2014 June 23 27 Halifax Nova Scotia Canada 6th IWMO 2014 3 12 2015 June 1 5 Canberra Australia 7th IWMO 2015 4 13 2016 June 7 10 Bologna Italy 8th IWMO 2016 5 14 2017 July 3 6 Seoul South Korea 9th IWMO 2017 6 15 2018 June 25 28 Santos Brazil 10th IWMO 2018 7 16 2019 June 17 20 Wuxi China 11th IWMO 2019 8 17 2022 June 28 July 1 Ann Arbor MI 12th IWMO 2022 17 2023 June 27 30 Hamburg Germany 13th IWMO 2023 Reviewed papers from the IWMO meetings are published by Ocean Dynamics 13 in special issues IWMO 2009 Part I 14 IWMO 2009 Part II 15 IWMO 2010 16 IWMO 2011 17 IWMO 2012 18 IWMO 2013 19 IWMO 2014 20 References edit T h e P r i n c e t o n O c e a n M o d e L https www pomusers org see POM web Blumberg A F and G L Mellor A description of a three dimensional coastal ocean circulation model Three Dimensional Coastal ocean Models edited by N Heaps 208 pp American Geophysical Union 1987 The Princeton Ocean Model The Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences AOS Princeton University archived from the original on July 2 2010 retrieved November 13 2010 Zavatarelli M and G L Mellor A numerical study of the Mediterranean Sea circulation J Phys Oceanogr Vol 25 No 6 Part II 1384 1414 1995 Ezer T and G L Mellor Simulations of the Atlantic Ocean with a free surface sigma coordinate ocean model J Geophys Res 102 C7 15 647 15 657 1997 Mellor G L and T Ezer A Gulf Stream model and an altimetry assimilation scheme J Geophys Res 96 8779 8795 1991 Ezer T and G L Mellor A numerical study of the variability and the separation of the Gulf Stream induced by surface atmospheric forcing and lateral boundary flows J Phys Oceanogr 22 660 682 1992 Aikman F G L Mellor T Ezer D Shenin P Chen L Breaker and D B Rao Toward an operational nowcast forecast system for the U S east coast In Modern Approaches to Data Assimilation in Ocean Modeling P Malanotte Rizzoli Ed Elsevier Oceanog Ser 61 347 376 1996 http www ccpo odu edu tezer POMDB references php IWMO Ocean Dynamics Oey L Y Ezer T C R Wu and Y Miyazawa Editorial International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean IWMO special issue in Ocean Dynamics Ocean Dynamics doi 10 1007 s10236 010 0281 7 60 2 299 300 2010 Oey L Y Ezer T C R Wu and Y Miyazawa Editorial International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean IWMO special issue part 2 in Ocean Dynamics Ocean Dynamics doi 10 1007 s10236 010 0338 7 60 5 1271 1272 2010 Ezer T L Y Oey H Xue and X H Wang Editorial The 2nd International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean IWMO 2010 Ocean Dyn doi 10 1007 s10236 011 0470 z 61 9 1287 1289 2011 Oey L Y Ezer T B Qiu J Berntsen and R He Editorial The 3rd International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean IWMO 2011 Ocean Dyn doi 10 1007 s10236 013 0595 3 2013 Oey L Y Y Miyazawa N Aiki Y Masumoto Ezer T and T Waseda 2013 Editorial The 4th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean IWMO 2012 Ocean Dyn 63 11 12 1345 1347 doi 10 1007 s10236 013 0658 5 Berntsen J L Y Oey T Ezer R Greatbatch H Xue and Y Miyazawa 2014 Editorial The 5th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean IWMO 2013 Topical Collection Ocean Dynamics doi 10 1007 s10236 014 0764 z Oey L Y T Ezer J Sheng F Chai J Gan K Lamb and Y Miyazawa 2016 Editorial The 6th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean IWMO 2014 Ocean Dynamics doi 10 1007 s10236 016 1028 x External links editPOM WEB page registration and information MPI POM and Taiwan Ocean Prediction TOP Archived June 16 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Princeton Ocean Model amp oldid 1208741334, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
