The princess is a fairy chess piece that can move like a bishop or a knight. It cannot jump over other pieces when moving as a bishop but may do so when moving as a knight. The piece has acquired many names and is frequently called an archbishop or a cardinal;[a] it may also simply be called the bishop+knight compound.
A common icon for the princess in diagrams
Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the princess.
The princess can move but not jump to squares with crosses, or it can capture the pawn on c2. It can jump to squares with circles.
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Maximum range of a princess on an empty board
History and nomenclatureedit
Staunton-style princess pieces. Many other designs have been used, usually based on the name used for the piece in each variant.
The princess is one of the most simply described fairy chess pieces and as such has a long history and has gone by many names. It was first used in Turkish Great Chess, a large medieval variant of chess, where it was called the vizir (not to be confused with the piece more commonly referred to as the wazir today, which is the (1,0) leaper). It was introduced in the West with Carrera's chess, a chess variant from 1617, where it was called a centaur,[b] and has been used in many chess variants since then.
The name archbishop was introduced by José Raúl Capablanca in his large variantCapablanca chess. He originally called it the chancellor, but he later changed the names, and the rook+knight compound became known as the chancellor. Both of these names refer to higher ranks than the bishop in the Roman Catholic Church, but archbishop does so more obviously to most people and thus became more popular. In fact, the name archbishop has been used for other augmented bishops as well, such as the reflecting bishop (which reflects off the sides of the board) and the bishop+wazir compound. Christian Freeling, the inventor of Grand Chess, took a similar approach to Capablanca, naming the piece the cardinal.
Princess is the most widely used name among problemists. By analogy with the queen, which is a rook+bishop compound, it was decided that the three basic combinations of the three simple chess pieces (rook, knight, and bishop) should all be named after female royalty. Since the bishop+knight compound is obviously weaker than the rook+knight compound (as the bishop is weaker than the rook), the name princess was assigned to the bishop+knight compound, while the rook+knight compound was named the empress.
Valueedit
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With White to move, White can force mate in two with 1.Ae7+ Kh8 2.Af6#
The princess is worth approximately 8 pawns, which is one less than a queen. Computer self-play studies show that a single pawn is enough to compensate the difference between queen and princess on an 8×8 board, as well as that, on 10×8 boards, princess plus pawn even has a slight advantage over queen. This may seem counterintuitive, as the value difference of these pieces' non-bishop-components (rook vs. knight) is closer to 2 pawns, implying an unusually large synergy between the bishop and knight move. A mathematical approach used to determine relative piece value in Musketeer Chess estimated the value of the princess as 770 centipawns on an 8x8 board.[2]
Princess versus rook is usually a draw, as is queen versus princess. King and princess versus king is a forced win for the side with the princess; checkmate can be forced within 17 moves. In comparison, the queen requires 10 moves and the rook requires 16. A princess can checkmate a lone king without the aid of its own king in a position where the enemy king is in the corner and the princess is two spaces diagonally away from it, but this position cannot be forced.
Ralph Betza (inventor of chess with different armies, in which the princess was used in one of the armies) rated the princess as about seven points, intermediate between a rook and a queen, noting that it was "a weak Queen" and that its 12 directions of movement is greater than the queen's 8 directions. However, all three of his alternate armies for that game are actually stronger than the standard FIDE army which they were supposed to equal, reflecting the general tendency for players to undervalue pieces which they are unfamiliar with; Larry Kaufman commented that this is particularly true for the princess.
Symboledit
Both white and black symbols for the princess were added to version 12 of the Unicode standard in March 2019, in the Chess Symbols block:
🩐 U+1FA50 WHITE CHESS KNIGHT-BISHOP 🩓 U+1FA53 BLACK CHESS KNIGHT-BISHOP
^Less common names the piece has acquired include adjutant, aircraft, centaur, chancellor, davidson, deacon, equerry, fox, hawk, horseman, janus, monk, pilot, police chief, prime minister, rhino, squire, superbishop, templar, wazir, and zek.[1]
^The game seems to have been an afterthought to his chess treatise and it is mysterious to what extent, if any, he might have used it in practice while he lived, viz. Capablanca Chess.
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The princess is a fairy chess piece that can move like a bishop or a knight It cannot jump over other pieces when moving as a bishop but may do so when moving as a knight The piece has acquired many names and is frequently called an archbishop or a cardinal a it may also simply be called the bishop knight compound A common icon for the princess in diagrams Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the princess Contents 1 Movement 2 History and nomenclature 3 Value 4 Symbol 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesMovement editThe princess can move as a bishop or a knight abcdefgh8 nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 877665544332211abcdefghThe princess can move but not jump to squares with crosses or it can capture the pawn on c2 It can jump to squares with circles abcdefgh8 nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 877665544332211abcdefghMaximum range of a princess on an empty boardHistory and nomenclature edit nbsp Staunton style princess pieces Many other designs have been used usually based on the name used for the piece in each variant The princess is one of the most simply described fairy chess pieces and as such has a long history and has gone by many names It was first used in Turkish Great Chess a large medieval variant of chess where it was called the vizir not to be confused with the piece more commonly referred to as the wazir today which is the 1 0 leaper It was introduced in the West with Carrera s chess a chess variant from 1617 where it was called a centaur b and has been used in many chess variants since then The name archbishop was introduced by Jose Raul Capablanca in his large variant Capablanca chess He originally called it the chancellor but he later changed the names and the rook knight compound became known as the chancellor Both of these names refer to higher ranks than the bishop in the Roman Catholic Church but archbishop does so more obviously to most people and thus became more popular In fact the name archbishop has been used for other augmented bishops as well such as the reflecting bishop which reflects off the sides of the board and the bishop wazir compound Christian Freeling the inventor of Grand Chess took a similar approach to Capablanca naming the piece the cardinal Princess is the most widely used name among problemists By analogy with the queen which is a rook bishop compound it was decided that the three basic combinations of the three simple chess pieces rook knight and bishop should all be named after female royalty Since the bishop knight compound is obviously weaker than the rook knight compound as the bishop is weaker than the rook the name princess was assigned to the bishop knight compound while the rook knight compound was named the empress Value editabcdefgh8 nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 877665544332211abcdefghWith White to move White can force mate in two with 1 Ae7 Kh8 2 Af6 This example uses algebraic notation The princess is worth approximately 8 pawns which is one less than a queen Computer self play studies show that a single pawn is enough to compensate the difference between queen and princess on an 8 8 board as well as that on 10 8 boards princess plus pawn even has a slight advantage over queen This may seem counterintuitive as the value difference of these pieces non bishop components rook vs knight is closer to 2 pawns implying an unusually large synergy between the bishop and knight move A mathematical approach used to determine relative piece value in Musketeer Chess estimated the value of the princess as 770 centipawns on an 8x8 board 2 Princess versus rook is usually a draw as is queen versus princess King and princess versus king is a forced win for the side with the princess checkmate can be forced within 17 moves In comparison the queen requires 10 moves and the rook requires 16 A princess can checkmate a lone king without the aid of its own king in a position where the enemy king is in the corner and the princess is two spaces diagonally away from it but this position cannot be forced Ralph Betza inventor of chess with different armies in which the princess was used in one of the armies rated the princess as about seven points intermediate between a rook and a queen noting that it was a weak Queen and that its 12 directions of movement is greater than the queen s 8 directions However all three of his alternate armies for that game are actually stronger than the standard FIDE army which they were supposed to equal reflecting the general tendency for players to undervalue pieces which they are unfamiliar with Larry Kaufman commented that this is particularly true for the princess Symbol editBoth white and black symbols for the princess were added to version 12 of the Unicode standard in March 2019 in the Chess Symbols block U 1FA50 WHITE CHESS KNIGHT BISHOP U 1FA53 BLACK CHESS KNIGHT BISHOPSee also editAmazon the queen knight compound Empress the rook knight compound Queen the rook bishop compoundNotes edit Less common names the piece has acquired include adjutant aircraft centaur chancellor davidson deacon equerry fox hawk horseman janus monk pilot police chief prime minister rhino squire superbishop templar wazir and zek 1 The game seems to have been an afterthought to his chess treatise and it is mysterious to what extent if any he might have used it in practice while he lived viz Capablanca Chess References edit Pritchard D B 1994 Pieces The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants Games amp Puzzles Publications p 227 ISBN 0 9524142 0 1 Musketeer Chess Relative Piece Value Musketeer Chess Games 2020 01 12 Retrieved 2020 03 23 Bibliography Piececlopedia Bishop Knight Compound by Fergus Duniho and David Howe The Chess Variant Pages Endgame statistics with fantasy pieces by Dave McCooey The Chess Variant Pages The NB Princess by Ralph Betza The Chess Variant Pages BuyPoint Chess by Ralph Betza contains a list of pieces with approximate values Great Chess Indian Turkish variant by Hans Bodlaender The Chess Variant Pages Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Princess chess amp oldid 1208988891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
