Emperor Kōbun was named the 39th emperor by the Meiji government in 1870; and since the late 19th century, he is known by the posthumous name accorded to him by Meiji scholars.[4]
In his lifetime, he was known as Prince Ōtomo (大友皇子, Ōtomo no ōji). He was the favorite son of Emperor Tenji; and he was also the first to have been accorded the title of Daijō-daijin.[2]
Contemporary historians now place the reign of Emperor Kōbun between the reigns of Emperor Tenji and Emperor Tenmu; but the Nihongi, the Gukanshō, and the Jinnō Shōtōki do not recognize this reign. Prince Ōtomo was only given his posthumous title and name in 1870.
Post-Meiji chronology
In the 10th year of Tenji, in the 11th month (671): Emperor Tenji, in the 10th year of his reign (天智天皇十年), designated his son as his heir; and modern scholars construe this as meaning that the son would have received the succession (senso) after his father's death. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Kōbun is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[5] If this understanding were valid, then it would follow:
In the 1st year of Kōbun (672): Emperor Kōbun, in the 1st year of his reign (弘文天皇元年), died; and his uncle Ōaomino ōji received the succession (senso) after the death of his nephew. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Tenmu could be said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[6]
Pre-Meiji chronology
Prior to the 19th century, Ōtomo was understood to have been a mere interloper, a pretender, an anomaly; and therefore, if that commonly accepted understanding were to have been valid, then it would have followed:
In the 10th year of Tenji, in the 11th month (671): Emperor Tenji, in the 10th year of his reign (天智天皇十年), died; and despite any military confrontations which ensued, the brother of the dead sovereign would have received the succession (senso); and after a time, it would have been understood that Emperor Tenmu rightfully acceded to the throne (sokui).
Control of the throne was wrested by Emperor Tenchi's brother, Prince Ōama, during the Jinshin War, after which Emperor Kōbun died by suicide. For centuries, the hapless Prince Ōtomo was not considered to have been a part of the traditional order of succession.
The actual site of Kōbun's grave is known.[1] This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorialShintoshrine (misasagi) at Shiga.
The years of Kōbun's reign are not linked by scholars to any era or nengō.[8] The Taika era innovation of naming time periods – nengō – languished until Mommu reasserted an imperial right by proclaiming the commencement of Taihō in 701.
In this context, Brown and Ishida's translation of Gukanshō offers an explanation about the years of Empress Jitō's reign which muddies a sense of easy clarity in the pre-Taiho time-frame:
"The eras that fell in this reign were: (1) the remaining seven years of Shuchō [(686+7=692?)]; and (2) Taika, which was four years long [695–698]. (The first year of this era was kinoto-hitsuji [695].) ... In the third year of the Taka era [697], Empress Jitō yielded the throne to the Crown Prince."[9]
Kugyoedit
The top court officials (公卿, Kugyō) during Emperor Kōbun's reign included:
Sadaijin, Soga no Akae (蘇我赤兄) (?–?), 672 (7 months)
Udaijin, Nakatomi no Kane (中臣金) (d. 672), 672 (7 months)
^ abPonsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 53.
^Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 55–58., p. 55, at Google Books
^Brown, Delmer. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 268 n.39; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 136.
^Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. OCLC 448337491
Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
emperor, kōbun, language, classical, japanese, 弘文天皇, kōbun, tennō, august, 39th, emperor, japan, according, traditional, order, succession, 弘文天皇great, king, yamatoemperor, japanreign9, january, august, 672predecessortenjisuccessortenmubornŌtomo, 大友, 伊賀, 648die. For the language see Classical Japanese Emperor Kōbun 弘文天皇 Kōbun tennō c 648 August 21 672 was the 39th emperor of Japan 1 according to the traditional order of succession 2 Emperor Kōbun弘文天皇Great King of YamatoEmperor of JapanReign9 January 672 21 August 672PredecessorTenjiSuccessorTenmuBornŌtomo 大友 or Iga 伊賀 648DiedAugust 21 672 672 08 21 aged 23 24 Yamasaki Shiga BurialNagara no Yamasaki no misasagi 長等山前陵 Shiga SpousesTōchi Fujiwara no MimimotojiIssuePrince Kadono Princess Ichishi hime Prince YotaPosthumous nameOn yomi style shigō Emperor Kōbun 弘文天皇 HouseYamatoFatherEmperor TenjiMotherYakako no iratsumeKōbun s reign lasted only a few months in 672 3 Contents 1 Traditional narrative 2 Non nengō period 2 1 Kugyo 3 Consorts and children 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesTraditional narrative editEmperor Kōbun was named the 39th emperor by the Meiji government in 1870 and since the late 19th century he is known by the posthumous name accorded to him by Meiji scholars 4 In his lifetime he was known as Prince Ōtomo 大友皇子 Ōtomo no ōji He was the favorite son of Emperor Tenji and he was also the first to have been accorded the title of Daijō daijin 2 Contemporary historians now place the reign of Emperor Kōbun between the reigns of Emperor Tenji and Emperor Tenmu but the Nihongi the Gukanshō and the Jinnō Shōtōki do not recognize this reign Prince Ōtomo was only given his posthumous title and name in 1870 Post Meiji chronology In the 10th year of Tenji in the 11th month 671 Emperor Tenji in the 10th year of his reign 天智天皇十年 designated his son as his heir and modern scholars construe this as meaning that the son would have received the succession senso after his father s death Shortly thereafter Emperor Kōbun is said to have acceded to the throne sokui 5 If this understanding were valid then it would follow In the 1st year of Kōbun 672 Emperor Kōbun in the 1st year of his reign 弘文天皇元年 died and his uncle Ōaomino ōji received the succession senso after the death of his nephew Shortly thereafter Emperor Tenmu could be said to have acceded to the throne sokui 6 dd Pre Meiji chronology Prior to the 19th century Ōtomo was understood to have been a mere interloper a pretender an anomaly and therefore if that commonly accepted understanding were to have been valid then it would have followed In the 10th year of Tenji in the 11th month 671 Emperor Tenji in the 10th year of his reign 天智天皇十年 died and despite any military confrontations which ensued the brother of the dead sovereign would have received the succession senso and after a time it would have been understood that Emperor Tenmu rightfully acceded to the throne sokui Control of the throne was wrested by Emperor Tenchi s brother Prince Ōama during the Jinshin War after which Emperor Kōbun died by suicide For centuries the hapless Prince Ōtomo was not considered to have been a part of the traditional order of succession The actual site of Kōbun s grave is known 1 This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine misasagi at Shiga The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Kōbun s mausoleum It is formally named Nagara no Yamasaki no misasagi 7 Non nengō period editThe years of Kōbun s reign are not linked by scholars to any era or nengō 8 The Taika era innovation of naming time periods nengō languished until Mommu reasserted an imperial right by proclaiming the commencement of Taihō in 701 See Japanese era name Non nengo periods See Kōbun period 672 In this context Brown and Ishida s translation of Gukanshō offers an explanation about the years of Empress Jitō s reign which muddies a sense of easy clarity in the pre Taiho time frame The eras that fell in this reign were 1 the remaining seven years of Shuchō 686 7 692 and 2 Taika which was four years long 695 698 The first year of this era was kinoto hitsuji 695 In the third year of the Taka era 697 Empress Jitō yielded the throne to the Crown Prince 9 dd Kugyo edit The top court officials 公卿 Kugyō during Emperor Kōbun s reign included Sadaijin Soga no Akae 蘇我赤兄 672 7 months Udaijin Nakatomi no Kane 中臣金 d 672 672 7 months Consorts and children editConsort Princess Tōchi 十市皇女 Emperor Tenmu s daughter First son Prince Kadono 葛野王 669 706 Consort Fujiwara no Mimimotoji 藤原耳面刀自 Fujiwara no Kamatari s daughter Princess Ichishi hime 壱志姫王 Emperor Kōbun had another son named Prince Yota 興多王 whose mother is unknown See also editEmperor of Japan List of Emperors of Japan Imperial cultNotes edit nbsp Japanese Imperial kamon a stylized chrysanthemum blossom a b Imperial Household Agency Kunaichō 弘文天皇 39 a b Ponsonby Fane Richard 1959 The Imperial House of Japan p 53 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Annales des empereurs du japon pp 55 58 p 55 at Google Books Brown Delmer 1979 Gukanshō p 268 n 39 Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki p 136 Brown pp 268 269 Varley p 44 a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji and all sovereigns except Jitō Yōzei Go Toba and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go Murakami Titsingh pp 55 58 Varley p 44 Ponsonby Fane p 420 Titsingh p 56 Brown p 270 References editAston William George 1896 Nihongi Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A D 697 London Kegan Paul Trench Trubner OCLC 448337491 Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida eds 1979 Gukanshō The Future and the Past Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 03460 0 OCLC 251325323 Ponsonby Fane Richard Arthur Brabazon 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 194887 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon Paris Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland OCLC 5850691 Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns New York Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0 231 04940 5 OCLC 59145842Regnal titlesPreceded byEmperor Tenji Emperor of Japan Kōbun671 672 Succeeded byEmperor Tenmu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Emperor Kōbun amp oldid 1218827652, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
