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Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

March 16, 2023

The organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was based on the principles of democratic centralism.

The governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the Party Congress, which initially met annually but whose meetings became less frequent, particularly under Joseph Stalin (dominant from the late 1920s to 1953). Party Congresses would elect a Central Committee which, in turn, would elect a Politburo and a Secretariat. Under Stalin, the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary, who was elected by the Politburo and Secretariat. In 1952 the title of General Secretary became First Secretary and the Politburo became the Presidium; the names reverted back to their former forms under Leonid Brezhnev in 1966.

In theory, supreme power in the party was invested in the Party Congress. However, in practice the power structure became reversed and, particularly after the death of Lenin in January 1924, supreme power became the domain of the General Secretary.[1]

Higher levels

In the late Soviet Union the CPSU incorporated the communist parties of the 15 constituent republics (the communist branch of the Russian SFSR was established in 1990). Before 1990 the communist party organization in Russian oblasts, autonomous republics and some other major administrative units were subordinated directly to the CPSU Central Committee.[2]

Lower levels

At lower levels, the organizational hierarchy was managed by Party Committees, or partkoms (партком). A partkom was headed by the elected "partkom bureau secretary" ("partkom secretary", секретарь парткома). At enterprises, institutions, kolkhozes, etc., they were called as such, i.e., "partkoms". At higher levels the Committees were abbreviated accordingly: obkoms (обком) at oblast (zone) levels (known earlier as gubkoms (губком) for guberniyas), raikoms (райком) at raion (district) levels (known earlier as ukoms (уком) for uyezds), gorkom (горком) at city levels, etc.

The same terminology ("raikom", etc.) was used in the organizational structure of Komsomol.

The bottom level of the Party was the primary party organization (первичная партийная организация) or party cell (партийная ячейка). It was created within any organizational entity of any kind where there were at least three communists. The management of a cell was called party bureau/partbureau (партийное бюро, партбюро). A partbureau was headed by the elected bureau secretary (секретарь партбюро).

At smaller party cells, secretaries were regular employees of the corresponding plant/hospital/school/etc. Sufficiently large party organizations were usually headed by an exempt secretary, who drew his salary from the Party money.

Main offices

Republican branches

See also

References

  1. ^ Gill, Graeme (2004). "Communist Party of the Soviet Union". In Millar, James R. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Russian history. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 306–313. ISBN 0-02-865694-6. All aspects of the Party's life came under vigorous debate within leading Party circles. However, during Vladimir Lenin's lifetime, all of these debates ended with the victory of the position that he espoused. Following his death, the maneuvering between different groups of Party leaders for the succession saw conflict between a group around Stalin and, successively, Leon Trotsky, the Left Opposition, the United Opposition, and the Right Opposition. In all cases, Stalin and his supporters were victorious. With the defeat of the Right Opposition in 1929, Stalin emerged as Party leader. He consolidated his position during the 1930s, especially through the Terror of 1936 to 1938, emerging as the vozhd, or unquestioned leader of the party and the people. This process of a shift from the collective leadership of the Lenin years to the personal dictatorship of Stalin had direct implications for the Party. In the initial years of power, leading Party organs were real arenas of debate and conflict, and although Lenin manipulated Party organs, the principal basis upon which he was victorious in inner-party conflict was his ability to persuade sufficient members to support the position he advocated. With Stalin's personal dictatorship, party organs ceased to be the scene of open political debate and instead became stylized assemblies for the laudation of Stalin. While this was not as much the case at the level of the Politburo, even here the cut and thrust of debate was blunted by the personal dominance of Stalin.
  2. ^ "Program of the CPSU, 27th Party Congress (1986)".

External links

  • Executive Bodies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1917-1991)

March 16, 2023
organization, communist, party, soviet, union, organization, communist, party, soviet, union, based, principles, democratic, centralism, governing, body, communist, party, soviet, union, cpsu, party, congress, which, initially, annually, whose, meetings, becam. The organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was based on the principles of democratic centralism The governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union CPSU was the Party Congress which initially met annually but whose meetings became less frequent particularly under Joseph Stalin dominant from the late 1920s to 1953 Party Congresses would elect a Central Committee which in turn would elect a Politburo and a Secretariat Under Stalin the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary who was elected by the Politburo and Secretariat In 1952 the title of General Secretary became First Secretary and the Politburo became the Presidium the names reverted back to their former forms under Leonid Brezhnev in 1966 In theory supreme power in the party was invested in the Party Congress However in practice the power structure became reversed and particularly after the death of Lenin in January 1924 supreme power became the domain of the General Secretary 1 Contents 1 Higher levels 2 Lower levels 3 Main offices 4 Republican branches 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHigher levels EditIn the late Soviet Union the CPSU incorporated the communist parties of the 15 constituent republics the communist branch of the Russian SFSR was established in 1990 Before 1990 the communist party organization in Russian oblasts autonomous republics and some other major administrative units were subordinated directly to the CPSU Central Committee 2 Lower levels EditAt lower levels the organizational hierarchy was managed by Party Committees or partkoms partkom A partkom was headed by the elected partkom bureau secretary partkom secretary sekretar partkoma At enterprises institutions kolkhozes etc they were called as such i e partkoms At higher levels the Committees were abbreviated accordingly obkoms obkom at oblast zone levels known earlier as gubkoms gubkom for guberniyas raikoms rajkom at raion district levels known earlier as ukoms ukom for uyezds gorkom gorkom at city levels etc The same terminology raikom etc was used in the organizational structure of Komsomol The bottom level of the Party was the primary party organization pervichnaya partijnaya organizaciya or party cell partijnaya yachejka It was created within any organizational entity of any kind where there were at least three communists The management of a cell was called party bureau partbureau partijnoe byuro partbyuro A partbureau was headed by the elected bureau secretary sekretar partbyuro At smaller party cells secretaries were regular employees of the corresponding plant hospital school etc Sufficiently large party organizations were usually headed by an exempt secretary who drew his salary from the Party money Main offices EditGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union became synonymous with leader of the Party under Joseph Stalin General Secretary from 1922 to 1952 Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee leading body within the Central Committee Headed by the General Secretary or by the First Secretary Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee The political bureau of the Central Committee in practice the ruling body of both the Communist Party and the Soviet Union Central Committee of the Communist Party the governing body of the Party between each Congress Conducted the day to day business of the Party and the government Congress of the CPSU the gathering of Party delegates every five years It was the oversight body of the entire Party Organizational Bureau of the Party Central Committee or Orgburo fulfilled Party human resources management CPSU Party Control Commission CPSU Central Auditing Commission sometimes translated as a calque Central Revision Commission from Centralnaya revizionnaya komissiya Party Conference the oversight body of the Party in between Party Congresses Usually gathered once a year Republican branches EditCommunist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1990 1991 in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Communist Party of Byelorussia 1917 1991 in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Ukraine 1918 1991 in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Estonia 1920 1991 in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Latvia 1904 1991 in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Lithuania 1918 1991 in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Kazakhstan 1936 1991 in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Uzbekistan 1925 1991 in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Turkmenistan 1924 1991 in the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Kirghizia 1924 1991 in the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Tajikistan 1924 1991 in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Georgia 1921 1991 in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Armenia 1920 1991 in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic Communist Party of Azerbaijan 1920 1991 in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic See also EditBibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union Organization of the Communist Party of China PartorgReferences Edit Gill Graeme 2004 Communist Party of the Soviet Union In Millar James R ed Encyclopedia of Russian history New York Macmillan Reference USA pp 306 313 ISBN 0 02 865694 6 All aspects of the Party s life came under vigorous debate within leading Party circles However during Vladimir Lenin s lifetime all of these debates ended with the victory of the position that he espoused Following his death the maneuvering between different groups of Party leaders for the succession saw conflict between a group around Stalin and successively Leon Trotsky the Left Opposition the United Opposition and the Right Opposition In all cases Stalin and his supporters were victorious With the defeat of the Right Opposition in 1929 Stalin emerged as Party leader He consolidated his position during the 1930s especially through the Terror of 1936 to 1938 emerging as the vozhd or unquestioned leader of the party and the people This process of a shift from the collective leadership of the Lenin years to the personal dictatorship of Stalin had direct implications for the Party In the initial years of power leading Party organs were real arenas of debate and conflict and although Lenin manipulated Party organs the principal basis upon which he was victorious in inner party conflict was his ability to persuade sufficient members to support the position he advocated With Stalin s personal dictatorship party organs ceased to be the scene of open political debate and instead became stylized assemblies for the laudation of Stalin While this was not as much the case at the level of the Politburo even here the cut and thrust of debate was blunted by the personal dominance of Stalin Program of the CPSU 27th Party Congress 1986 External links EditExecutive Bodies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1917 1991 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union amp oldid 1141171778, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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