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Presentation Manager

May 18, 2023

Presentation Manager (PM) is the graphical user interface (GUI) that IBM and Microsoft introduced in version 1.1 of their operating system OS/2 in late 1988.

History

 
The original Presentation Manager running on OS/2 1.1

Microsoft began developing a graphic user interface (GUI) in 1981. After it persuaded IBM that the latter also needed a GUI,[1] Presentation Manager (PM; codenamed Winthorn) was co-developed by Microsoft and IBM's Hursley Lab in 1987-1988. It was a cross between Microsoft Windows and IBM's mainframe graphical system (GDDM).[2] Like Windows, it was message based and many of the messages were even identical, but there were a number of significant differences as well. Although Presentation Manager was designed to be very similar to the upcoming Windows 2.0 from the user's point of view, and Presentation Manager application structure was nearly identical to Windows application structure, source compatibility with Windows was not an objective. For Microsoft, the development of Presentation Manager was an opportunity to clean up some of the design mistakes of Windows.[3] The two companies stated that Presentation Manager and Windows 2.0 would remain almost identical.[1]

One of the most significant differences between Windows and PM was the coordinate system. While in Windows the 0,0 coordinate was located in the upper left corner, in PM it was in the lower left corner. Another difference was that all drawing operations went to the Device Context (DC) in Windows. PM also used DCs but there was an added level of abstraction called Presentation Space (PS). OS/2 also had more powerful drawing functions in its Graphics Programming Interface (GPI). Some of the GPI concepts (like viewing transforms) were later incorporated into Windows NT. The OS/2 programming model was thought to be cleaner, since there was no need to explicitly export the window procedure, no WinMain, and no non-standard function prologs and epilogs.

Parting ways

 
The Presentation Manager style in OS/2 1.2 and 1.3 influenced the design of Windows 3.0

One of the most-cited reasons for the IBM-Microsoft split was the divergence of the APIs between Presentation Manager and Windows, which was probably driven by IBM. Initially, Presentation Manager was based on Windows GUI code, and often had developments performed in advance, like the support for proportional fonts (which appeared in Windows only in 1990). One of the divergences regarded the position of coordinate (0,0), which was at the top-left in Windows, but at bottom-left (as in Cartesian coordinates) in Presentation Manager. In practice it became impossible to recompile a GUI program to run on the other system; an automated source code conversion tool was promised at some point. Both companies were hoping that at some point users would migrate to OS/2.

In 1990, version 3.0 of Windows was beginning to sell in volume, and Microsoft began to lose interest in OS/2 especially since, even earlier, market interest in OS/2 was always much smaller than in Windows.

The companies parted ways, and IBM took over all of subsequent development. Microsoft took OS/2 3.0, which it renamed Windows NT; as such, it inherited certain characteristics of Presentation Manager. IBM continued to develop Presentation Manager. In subsequent versions of OS/2, and derivatives such as ArcaOS, it was used as a base for the object-oriented interface Workplace Shell.

There is a significant integration of the GUI layer with the rest of the system, but it is still possible to run certain parts of OS/2 from a text-console or X window, and it is possible to boot OS/2 into a command-line environment without Presentation Manager (e.g. using TSHELL[4] ).

Presentation Manager for Unix

 
Motif was directly inspired by the look and feel of the Presentation Manager interface
See also: Motif (software) § History

In the late 1980s, Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft collaborated on an implementation of Presentation Manager for Unix systems running the X11 windowing system.[5] The port consisted of two separate pieces of software - a toolkit, window manager and style guide named CXI (Common X Interface) and an implementation of the Presentation Manager API for Unix named PM/X. Both CXI and PM/X were submitted to the Open Software Foundation for consideration as OSF's new user interface standard for Unix, which eventually became Motif.[6] OSF ultimately selected CXI, but used Digital Equipment Corporation's XUI API instead of PM/X.[7][8] Microsoft and HP continued the development of PM/X for some time after the release of Motif, but it was ultimately abandoned.[9]

Technical details

PM follows the Common User Access interface conventions. It also supports mouse chording for copying and pasting text.

An important problem was that of the single input queue: a non-responsive application could block the processing of user-interface messages, thus freezing the graphical interface. This problem has been solved in Windows NT, where such an application would just become a dead rectangle on the screen; in later versions it became possible to move or hide it. In OS/2 it was solved in a FixPack, using a timer to determine when an application was not responding to events.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Alsop, Stewart II (1988-01-18). "Microsoft Windows: Eclectism in UI" (PDF). P.C. Letter. 4 (2): 6–7.
  2. ^ Miller, Michael J. (April 1987). "IBM's OS/2 to Become Operating System of Choice, but Not for Some Time". InfoWorld: 46.
  3. ^ Vellon, Manny (1987). "OS/2 Windows Presentation Manager". Microsoft Systems Journal. 2 (2).
  4. ^ "TSHELL non-GUI shell for OS/2". Retrieved 17 April 2011.
  5. ^ Bob Ponting (1988-11-21). "Unix PM Scheduled for 2nd Quarter". InfoWorld. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  6. ^ Martin Marshall; Ed Scannell (1988-10-10). "OSF Narrows Its Search For User Interface to 23". InfoWorld. p. 45. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  7. ^ Janet Dobbs (August 1989). "Strategies for Writing Graphical UNIX Applications Productively and Portably" (PDF). AUUG Newsletter. 10 (4): 50. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  8. ^ Axel O. Deininger; Charles V. Fernandez (June 1990). "Making Interface Behavior Consistent: The HP OSF/Motif Graphical User Interface" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  9. ^ Stuart J. Johnson (January 1989). "HP, Microsoft to Continue Development of Alternate API". InfoWorld. p. 38. Retrieved 2021-12-29.

External links

  • IBM Corporation (Oct 1994). Presentation Manager Programming Guide: The Basics (PDF). Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  • IBM Corporation (Oct 1994). Presentation Manager Programming Guide: Advanced Topics (PDF). Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  • IBM Corporation (Oct 1994). Presentation Manager Programming Reference Volume 1 (PDF). Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  • IBM Corporation (Oct 1994). Presentation Manager Programming Reference Volume 2 (PDF). Retrieved 28 April 2017.

May 18, 2023
presentation, manager, graphical, user, interface, that, microsoft, introduced, version, their, operating, system, late, 1988, contents, history, parting, ways, unix, technical, details, also, references, external, linkshistory, edit, original, running, micros. Presentation Manager PM is the graphical user interface GUI that IBM and Microsoft introduced in version 1 1 of their operating system OS 2 in late 1988 Contents 1 History 1 1 Parting ways 1 2 Presentation Manager for Unix 2 Technical details 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory Edit The original Presentation Manager running on OS 2 1 1 Microsoft began developing a graphic user interface GUI in 1981 After it persuaded IBM that the latter also needed a GUI 1 Presentation Manager PM codenamed Winthorn was co developed by Microsoft and IBM s Hursley Lab in 1987 1988 It was a cross between Microsoft Windows and IBM s mainframe graphical system GDDM 2 Like Windows it was message based and many of the messages were even identical but there were a number of significant differences as well Although Presentation Manager was designed to be very similar to the upcoming Windows 2 0 from the user s point of view and Presentation Manager application structure was nearly identical to Windows application structure source compatibility with Windows was not an objective For Microsoft the development of Presentation Manager was an opportunity to clean up some of the design mistakes of Windows 3 The two companies stated that Presentation Manager and Windows 2 0 would remain almost identical 1 One of the most significant differences between Windows and PM was the coordinate system While in Windows the 0 0 coordinate was located in the upper left corner in PM it was in the lower left corner Another difference was that all drawing operations went to the Device Context DC in Windows PM also used DCs but there was an added level of abstraction called Presentation Space PS OS 2 also had more powerful drawing functions in its Graphics Programming Interface GPI Some of the GPI concepts like viewing transforms were later incorporated into Windows NT The OS 2 programming model was thought to be cleaner since there was no need to explicitly export the window procedure no WinMain and no non standard function prologs and epilogs Parting ways Edit The Presentation Manager style in OS 2 1 2 and 1 3 influenced the design of Windows 3 0 One of the most cited reasons for the IBM Microsoft split was the divergence of the APIs between Presentation Manager and Windows which was probably driven by IBM Initially Presentation Manager was based on Windows GUI code and often had developments performed in advance like the support for proportional fonts which appeared in Windows only in 1990 One of the divergences regarded the position of coordinate 0 0 which was at the top left in Windows but at bottom left as in Cartesian coordinates in Presentation Manager In practice it became impossible to recompile a GUI program to run on the other system an automated source code conversion tool was promised at some point Both companies were hoping that at some point users would migrate to OS 2 In 1990 version 3 0 of Windows was beginning to sell in volume and Microsoft began to lose interest in OS 2 especially since even earlier market interest in OS 2 was always much smaller than in Windows The companies parted ways and IBM took over all of subsequent development Microsoft took OS 2 3 0 which it renamed Windows NT as such it inherited certain characteristics of Presentation Manager IBM continued to develop Presentation Manager In subsequent versions of OS 2 and derivatives such as ArcaOS it was used as a base for the object oriented interface Workplace Shell There is a significant integration of the GUI layer with the rest of the system but it is still possible to run certain parts of OS 2 from a text console or X window and it is possible to boot OS 2 into a command line environment without Presentation Manager e g using TSHELL 4 Presentation Manager for Unix Edit Motif was directly inspired by the look and feel of the Presentation Manager interface See also Motif software History In the late 1980s Hewlett Packard and Microsoft collaborated on an implementation of Presentation Manager for Unix systems running the X11 windowing system 5 The port consisted of two separate pieces of software a toolkit window manager and style guide named CXI Common X Interface and an implementation of the Presentation Manager API for Unix named PM X Both CXI and PM X were submitted to the Open Software Foundation for consideration as OSF s new user interface standard for Unix which eventually became Motif 6 OSF ultimately selected CXI but used Digital Equipment Corporation s XUI API instead of PM X 7 8 Microsoft and HP continued the development of PM X for some time after the release of Motif but it was ultimately abandoned 9 Technical details EditPM follows the Common User Access interface conventions It also supports mouse chording for copying and pasting text An important problem was that of the single input queue a non responsive application could block the processing of user interface messages thus freezing the graphical interface This problem has been solved in Windows NT where such an application would just become a dead rectangle on the screen in later versions it became possible to move or hide it In OS 2 it was solved in a FixPack using a timer to determine when an application was not responding to events See also EditProgram ManagerReferences Edit a b Alsop Stewart II 1988 01 18 Microsoft Windows Eclectism in UI PDF P C Letter 4 2 6 7 Miller Michael J April 1987 IBM s OS 2 to Become Operating System of Choice but Not for Some Time InfoWorld 46 Vellon Manny 1987 OS 2 Windows Presentation Manager Microsoft Systems Journal 2 2 TSHELL non GUI shell for OS 2 Retrieved 17 April 2011 Bob Ponting 1988 11 21 Unix PM Scheduled for 2nd Quarter InfoWorld Retrieved 2021 12 29 Martin Marshall Ed Scannell 1988 10 10 OSF Narrows Its Search For User Interface to 23 InfoWorld p 45 Retrieved 2021 12 29 Janet Dobbs August 1989 Strategies for Writing Graphical UNIX Applications Productively and Portably PDF AUUG Newsletter 10 4 50 Retrieved 2021 12 29 Axel O Deininger Charles V Fernandez June 1990 Making Interface Behavior Consistent The HP OSF Motif Graphical User Interface PDF Retrieved 2021 12 29 Stuart J Johnson January 1989 HP Microsoft to Continue Development of Alternate API InfoWorld p 38 Retrieved 2021 12 29 External links EditIBM Corporation Oct 1994 Presentation Manager Programming Guide The Basics PDF Retrieved 28 April 2017 IBM Corporation Oct 1994 Presentation Manager Programming Guide Advanced Topics PDF Retrieved 28 April 2017 IBM Corporation Oct 1994 Presentation Manager Programming Reference Volume 1 PDF Retrieved 28 April 2017 IBM Corporation Oct 1994 Presentation Manager Programming Reference Volume 2 PDF Retrieved 28 April 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Presentation Manager amp oldid 1121429036, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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