The Praieira revolt, also known as the Beach rebellion, was a movement in the Pernambuco province of the Empire of Brazil that lasted from 1848 to 1849. The revolt, influenced by revolutions taking place in Europe, was due in part to unresolved conflicts left over from the Regency period and local resistance to the consolidation of the Empire of Brazil that had been proclaimed in 1822. The movement was led by radical elements of the Liberal Party of Pernambuco against the ruling Conservatives.
The Praieira Revolt was the Brazilian response to the series of revolutions taking place at the same time in Europe. Although they had no permanent liberalizing effect, the successful February revolution in France gave visions of a better life for ordinary people and struck a responsive chord with the Brazilians.[3] The journalist-politician José Tomás Nabuco de Araújo recorded that "the proclamation of the republic in France shook our political world to its depths." Socialist writers such as Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Charles Fourier, who were widely read in Brazil, gave inspiration to the Brazilians.[4]
The Conservatives were in power between 1841 and 1845. The Liberals were returned to power once again in 1845 to form a cabinet, and managed to enact several programs: a protectionist tariff (1844), electoral reforms that extended suffrage and reduced the number of electors (1846),[clarification needed] and the creation of a new office, president of the Council of Ministers (1847). This last act facilitated parliamentary procedure, contributed to the power of the cabinet, and consequently extended the authority of the imperial government.
EventEdit
The principal event occurred near the journal Diário Novo ("New Journal") which is located on the Praia Street (Beach Street) in Recife, the capital of Pernambuco and its principal port (the revolution is named after the name of the street).[5] The radical wing of the Liberal Party of that state, also known as the "praieiros", met regularly in the premises of Diário Novo.[6] They were committed to removing the provincial governor Antônio Chicorro da Gama and the powerful entrenched Pernambucan aristocracy that was linked to the Conservatives.
The revolt was a culmination of mounting conflicts between Liberals and Conservatives that escalated with the end of the Ragamuffin War in 1845. Under the unreformed colonial social structure that remained from the 18th century, a small group of landowners in the influential province of Pernambuco controlled most of the workable land and preferred to concentrate on agricultural products for export. Since Brazilian economy was based on slavery and sugar, the long depression in the world sugar market aggravated social and racial ills in the 1840s.
In this feudal atmosphere of enforced silence, the editor of the short-lived journal O Progresso (1846–1848), Antônio Pedro de Figueiredo, spoke out for half of the province's population that were "vassals under the yoke" and declared that "the division of our soil in grand properties is the source of the major part of our ills." Another contemporary observer maintained that the Cavalcanti family owned one third of Pernambuco's sugar plantations (engenhos).[7] Cavalcante was head of the Conservative Party in Pernambuco and a network of kinship ties extended the family's power. A popular saying of the time went:
The key to this saying is the witty Portuguese pun between Cavalcante (a rich family of Pernambuco, but also horse rider, mounter) and cavalgado (ridden, mounted).
The breaking point was the appointment by the Emperor of a new Conservative cabinet led by Pedro de Araújo Lima.[9] A rebellion against the new provincial government, initiated by the "praieiros" in Olinda, began on November 7, 1848 and spread rapidly through the state.[10] A "Manifesto to the World" calling for free and universal voting rights, freedom of the press, federalism and the end of the "Poder Moderador" (the Moderating Power – the supremacy of the emperor over the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches of the government that was instituted in the Brazilian Constitution of 1824), was on January 1, 1849. However, with only 2500 combatants, the movement quickly collapsed and was dispersed by the government forces. Other similar provincial movements swiftly followed suit.
^Barman 1999, p. 124. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBarman1999 (help)
^ abNabuco 1975, p. 109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNabuco1975 (help)
^Freyre, Gilberto (1963). The Mansions and the shanties (Sobrados e mucambos): the making of modern Brazil. Knopf. p. 53.
^Fausto, Boris (1999). A concise history of Brazil. Cambridge University Press. p. 98.
^Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Assessoria de Comunicação Social, Brazil. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Direçâo-Geral Cultural (1997). Texts from Brazil, Issue 1. Issues 3–5. Ministry of Foreign Relations, Office for Public Information and Affairs. p. 88.
^Nagel Publishers (1955). Nagel's Brazil: travel guide. p. 165.
^Graham, Richard (1994). Patronage and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. Stanford University Press. p. 127.
^Beltrão, Luiz (2001). Folkcommunicação. EDIPUCRS. p. 132.
^Thomson, Guy P. C. (2002). The European revolutions of 1848 and the Americas. Institute of Latin American Studies. p. 113.
ReferencesEdit
Barman, Roderick J. Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. (in English)
Nabuco, Joaquim. Um Estadista do Império. Volume único. 4 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Aguilar, 1975. (in Portuguese)
Further readingEdit
Naro, Nancy (1980). Brazil's 1848: the Praieira revolt. University of Chicago.
External linksEdit
An account of the incident with social context (in Portuguese)
October 21, 2023
praieira, revolt, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, september. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Praieira revolt news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Praieira revolt also known as the Beach rebellion was a movement in the Pernambuco province of the Empire of Brazil that lasted from 1848 to 1849 The revolt influenced by revolutions taking place in Europe was due in part to unresolved conflicts left over from the Regency period and local resistance to the consolidation of the Empire of Brazil that had been proclaimed in 1822 The movement was led by radical elements of the Liberal Party of Pernambuco against the ruling Conservatives Praieira revoltDateNovember 6 1848 March 1849 1 LocationPernambucoResultImperial victoryBelligerents Empire of Brazil National GuardPraieirosStrength3 500 troops2 800 insurgentsCasualties and losses826 2 313 killed513 wounded1 690 2 502 killed1 188 wounded Contents 1 Background 2 Event 3 See also 4 Bibliography 4 1 Footnotes 4 2 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksBackground EditThe Praieira Revolt was the Brazilian response to the series of revolutions taking place at the same time in Europe Although they had no permanent liberalizing effect the successful February revolution in France gave visions of a better life for ordinary people and struck a responsive chord with the Brazilians 3 The journalist politician Jose Tomas Nabuco de Araujo recorded that the proclamation of the republic in France shook our political world to its depths Socialist writers such as Pierre Joseph Proudhon and Charles Fourier who were widely read in Brazil gave inspiration to the Brazilians 4 The Conservatives were in power between 1841 and 1845 The Liberals were returned to power once again in 1845 to form a cabinet and managed to enact several programs a protectionist tariff 1844 electoral reforms that extended suffrage and reduced the number of electors 1846 clarification needed and the creation of a new office president of the Council of Ministers 1847 This last act facilitated parliamentary procedure contributed to the power of the cabinet and consequently extended the authority of the imperial government Event EditThe principal event occurred near the journal Diario Novo New Journal which is located on the Praia Street Beach Street in Recife the capital of Pernambuco and its principal port the revolution is named after the name of the street 5 The radical wing of the Liberal Party of that state also known as the praieiros met regularly in the premises of Diario Novo 6 They were committed to removing the provincial governor Antonio Chicorro da Gama and the powerful entrenched Pernambucan aristocracy that was linked to the Conservatives The revolt was a culmination of mounting conflicts between Liberals and Conservatives that escalated with the end of the Ragamuffin War in 1845 Under the unreformed colonial social structure that remained from the 18th century a small group of landowners in the influential province of Pernambuco controlled most of the workable land and preferred to concentrate on agricultural products for export Since Brazilian economy was based on slavery and sugar the long depression in the world sugar market aggravated social and racial ills in the 1840s In this feudal atmosphere of enforced silence the editor of the short lived journal O Progresso 1846 1848 Antonio Pedro de Figueiredo spoke out for half of the province s population that were vassals under the yoke and declared that the division of our soil in grand properties is the source of the major part of our ills Another contemporary observer maintained that the Cavalcanti family owned one third of Pernambuco s sugar plantations engenhos 7 Cavalcante was head of the Conservative Party in Pernambuco and a network of kinship ties extended the family s power A popular saying of the time went Quem viver em Pernambuco Deve estar desenganado Ou ha de ser Cavalcante Ou ha de ser cavalgado 8 which translates approximately as Whoever lives in Pernambuco Should not be deceived Either you are Cavalcante mounter Or you will be mounted The key to this saying is the witty Portuguese pun between Cavalcante a rich family of Pernambuco but also horse rider mounter and cavalgado ridden mounted The breaking point was the appointment by the Emperor of a new Conservative cabinet led by Pedro de Araujo Lima 9 A rebellion against the new provincial government initiated by the praieiros in Olinda began on November 7 1848 and spread rapidly through the state 10 A Manifesto to the World calling for free and universal voting rights freedom of the press federalism and the end of the Poder Moderador the Moderating Power the supremacy of the emperor over the executive legislative and judiciary branches of the government that was instituted in the Brazilian Constitution of 1824 was on January 1 1849 However with only 2500 combatants the movement quickly collapsed and was dispersed by the government forces Other similar provincial movements swiftly followed suit See also EditRebellions and revolutions in BrazilBibliography EditFootnotes Edit Barman 1999 p 124 sfn error no target CITEREFBarman1999 help a b Nabuco 1975 p 109 sfn error no target CITEREFNabuco1975 help Freyre Gilberto 1963 The Mansions and the shanties Sobrados e mucambos the making of modern Brazil Knopf p 53 Fausto Boris 1999 A concise history of Brazil Cambridge University Press p 98 Ministerio das Relacoes Exteriores Assessoria de Comunicacao Social Brazil Ministerio das Relacoes Exteriores Direcao Geral Cultural 1997 Texts from Brazil Issue 1 Issues 3 5 Ministry of Foreign Relations Office for Public Information and Affairs p 88 Nagel Publishers 1955 Nagel s Brazil travel guide p 165 Graham Richard 1994 Patronage and Politics in Nineteenth Century Brazil Stanford University Press p 127 Beltrao Luiz 2001 Folkcommunicacao EDIPUCRS p 132 Graham 1994 p 170 Thomson Guy P C 2002 The European revolutions of 1848 and the Americas Institute of Latin American Studies p 113 References Edit Barman Roderick J Citizen Emperor Pedro II and the Making of Brazil 1825 1891 Stanford Stanford University Press 1999 in English Nabuco Joaquim Um Estadista do Imperio Volume unico 4 ed Rio de Janeiro Nova Aguilar 1975 in Portuguese Further reading EditNaro Nancy 1980 Brazil s 1848 the Praieira revolt University of Chicago External links EditAn account of the incident with social context in Portuguese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Praieira revolt amp oldid 1107584610, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
