Powdery mildew is a fungal disease of barley caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. The disease has a worldwide distribution and is most damaging in cool, wet climates. The host range of the form species hordei is restricted to barley and other Hordeum species.[1][2]
At first, powdery mildew can be observed as small greyish patches of fluffy fungal growth (mycelium) on the upper surface of the lower leaves. These spots resemble small cushions of white powder. Leaf tissue on the opposite side of an infected leaf turns pale green to yellow. The fungus only infects the epidermal layer and can be easily scraped off with a fingernail. Infections can also occur on the leaf sheaths and ears. Leaves remain green and active for some time following infection, then gradually become chlorotic and die off. As the disease progresses, the mycelium often becomes dotted with minute black points (cleistothecia), which are the sexual fruiting bodies of the fungus.[3]
The fungus does not kill the host plant as it requires the hosts' water and nutrients to grow. It settles on foliage and gradually slows the host growth process. Fruits, vegetables and flowers do not reach maturity if they become infected by powdery mildew. Flowers bloom is delayed or aborted. Vegetable and fruit crop yield is significantly lowered or the produce is of reduced quality.[4]
Disease cycleedit
The fungus overwinters as cleistothecia on straw, and in milder climates, also as mycelium and conidia on stubble and straw or volunteer barley and certain grasses. Windborne ascospores or conidia are the primary inoculum (also known as the propagule) and can be dispersed over considerable distances. Infection by conidia requires high humidity, but not free water on the leaf surface. Sporulation and spore dispersal are favored by drier conditions. Thus the disease does well under alternating wet and dry conditions. Production of conidia declines markedly as the colony ages. Cleistothecia develop on older leaves as the plant matures. Low temperatures, together with the wetting of the cleistothecia for at least 72 hours, induces the maturations of the ascospores. Ascospores are released following rains, but are relatively sparse in comparison to the condia.[5]
Referencesedit
^ Wiese, M.V. (1987). Compendium of wheat diseases. American Phytopathological Society. pp. 124 pp. ISBN0-89054-076-4.
^ Martens, J.W.; W.L. Seaman; T.G. Atkinson (1984). Diseases of field crops in Canada. Canadian Phytopathological Society. pp. 160 pp. ISBN0-9691627-0-7.
^Jensen, Neal F. (1943). Powdery Mildew of Barley: Studies of Yield Losses and the Inheritance of Disease Resistance. Cornell University.
^"How to get rid of powdery mildew on plants". Shiny Plant. 2020-12-29. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
^Saharan, Govind Singh; Mehta, Naresh K.; Meena, Prabhu Dayal (22 November 2019). Powdery Mildew Disease of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. Springer Nature. ISBN978-981-13-9853-7.
powdery, mildew, barley, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, november, 2017, learn, when, remove, this, template, . This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations November 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Powdery mildew is a fungal disease of barley caused by Blumeria graminis f sp hordei The disease has a worldwide distribution and is most damaging in cool wet climates The host range of the form species hordei is restricted to barley and other Hordeum species 1 2 Powdery mildew of barleyCausal agentsBlumeria graminis f sp hordeiHostsbarleyEPPO CodeERYSGHDistributionWorldwide Contents 1 Symptoms 2 Disease cycle 3 References 4 External links 4 1 Extension publicationsSymptoms editAt first powdery mildew can be observed as small greyish patches of fluffy fungal growth mycelium on the upper surface of the lower leaves These spots resemble small cushions of white powder Leaf tissue on the opposite side of an infected leaf turns pale green to yellow The fungus only infects the epidermal layer and can be easily scraped off with a fingernail Infections can also occur on the leaf sheaths and ears Leaves remain green and active for some time following infection then gradually become chlorotic and die off As the disease progresses the mycelium often becomes dotted with minute black points cleistothecia which are the sexual fruiting bodies of the fungus 3 The fungus does not kill the host plant as it requires the hosts water and nutrients to grow It settles on foliage and gradually slows the host growth process Fruits vegetables and flowers do not reach maturity if they become infected by powdery mildew Flowers bloom is delayed or aborted Vegetable and fruit crop yield is significantly lowered or the produce is of reduced quality 4 Disease cycle editThe fungus overwinters as cleistothecia on straw and in milder climates also as mycelium and conidia on stubble and straw or volunteer barley and certain grasses Windborne ascospores or conidia are the primary inoculum also known as the propagule and can be dispersed over considerable distances Infection by conidia requires high humidity but not free water on the leaf surface Sporulation and spore dispersal are favored by drier conditions Thus the disease does well under alternating wet and dry conditions Production of conidia declines markedly as the colony ages Cleistothecia develop on older leaves as the plant matures Low temperatures together with the wetting of the cleistothecia for at least 72 hours induces the maturations of the ascospores Ascospores are released following rains but are relatively sparse in comparison to the condia 5 References edit Wiese M V 1987 Compendium of wheat diseases American Phytopathological Society pp 124 pp ISBN 0 89054 076 4 Martens J W W L Seaman T G Atkinson 1984 Diseases of field crops in Canada Canadian Phytopathological Society pp 160 pp ISBN 0 9691627 0 7 Jensen Neal F 1943 Powdery Mildew of Barley Studies of Yield Losses and the Inheritance of Disease Resistance Cornell University How to get rid of powdery mildew on plants Shiny Plant 2020 12 29 Retrieved 2021 01 13 Saharan Govind Singh Mehta Naresh K Meena Prabhu Dayal 22 November 2019 Powdery Mildew Disease of Crucifers Biology Ecology and Disease Management Springer Nature ISBN 978 981 13 9853 7 External links editExtension publications edit EPPO Europe Europe Scotland US North Dakota US Oregon permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Powdery mildew barley amp oldid 1187182947, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
