Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a skin condition characterized by the darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation) following an inflammatory injury, such as acne, dermatitis, infectious disease, or trauma. Less frequently, it may occur as a complication of a medical procedure performed on the skin. It is a common cause of skin discoloration and can affect individuals of all skin types.[1]
PIH manifests as areas of increased pigmentation or darkened skin. The color can range from light brown to deep brown or grey to black. Individuals with darker skin typically develop lesions that are darker and last longer compared to people with lighter skin color. Without any treatment, PIH usually fades in the 6-12 months following its appearance, until it is no longer visible.[2]
Causesedit
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation develops after the original symptoms of an inflammatory skin condition disappear. Common triggers include acne lesions, cuts, burns, or skin conditions like eczema.[1] Additionally, UV sun exposure and sunburn are involved in the development, darkening, and expansion of hyperpigmented skin lesions.[2] Some medical procedures performed on the skin can cause an inflammatory reaction, which may lead to hyperpigmentation, even if the inflammation itself is temporary.[3]
The exact pathogenesis of PIH is poorly understood.[3] It is known to be driven by cytokine-mediated paracrine interactions between keratinocytes and melanocytes, eventually stimulating the melanocytes to dramatically increase production of melanin, which then deposits in the skin.[4]
Diagnosisedit
The evaluation of Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is clinical. Wood’s lamp evaluation can be used in the diagnosis as well.[1]
Topical medications and other non-procedural treatments are preferred over chemical peels, laser therapy, dermabrasion, and other "destructive therapies". This is because the topical treatments are often very effective in managing PIH and typically cost less, while also having lower potential for side effects or worsening of the condition. Some patients (especially those with darker skin) have been known to experience worsening of their PIH with destructive therapy, rather than improvement. The reason for this is often not known.[3]
^ abcLawrence, Elizabeth; Al Aboud, Khalid M. (2024). "Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
^ abcCollier, Sigrid M.; Krejci-Manwaring, Jennifer; Usatine, Richard P. (2019). "Chapter 207: Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation". The Color Atlas and Synopsis of Family Medicine (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
^ abcdChaowattanapanit, Suteeraporn; Silpa-archa, Narumol; Kohli, Indermeet; Lim, Henry W.; Hamzavi, Iltefat (Oct 2017). "Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: A comprehensive overview". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 77 (4): 607–621. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.01.036. ISSN 0190-9622.
^Concha, J.S.S.; Afarideh, M.; Werth, V.P. (27 Dec 2021). "Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and erythema: new insights into the pathogenesis". British Journal of Dermatology. 186 (3): 390–391. doi:10.1111/bjd.20938. ISSN 0007-0963.
January 01, 1970
postinflammatory, hyperpigmentation, skin, condition, characterized, darkening, skin, hyperpigmentation, following, inflammatory, injury, such, acne, dermatitis, infectious, disease, trauma, less, frequently, occur, complication, medical, procedure, performed,. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation PIH is a skin condition characterized by the darkening of the skin hyperpigmentation following an inflammatory injury such as acne dermatitis infectious disease or trauma Less frequently it may occur as a complication of a medical procedure performed on the skin It is a common cause of skin discoloration and can affect individuals of all skin types 1 Postinflammatory hyperpigmentationSpecialtyDermatology Contents 1 Symptoms and signs 2 Causes 3 Diagnosis 4 Treatment 5 See also 6 ReferencesSymptoms and signs editPIH manifests as areas of increased pigmentation or darkened skin The color can range from light brown to deep brown or grey to black Individuals with darker skin typically develop lesions that are darker and last longer compared to people with lighter skin color Without any treatment PIH usually fades in the 6 12 months following its appearance until it is no longer visible 2 Causes editPostinflammatory hyperpigmentation develops after the original symptoms of an inflammatory skin condition disappear Common triggers include acne lesions cuts burns or skin conditions like eczema 1 Additionally UV sun exposure and sunburn are involved in the development darkening and expansion of hyperpigmented skin lesions 2 Some medical procedures performed on the skin can cause an inflammatory reaction which may lead to hyperpigmentation even if the inflammation itself is temporary 3 The exact pathogenesis of PIH is poorly understood 3 It is known to be driven by cytokine mediated paracrine interactions between keratinocytes and melanocytes eventually stimulating the melanocytes to dramatically increase production of melanin which then deposits in the skin 4 Diagnosis editThe evaluation of Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is clinical Wood s lamp evaluation can be used in the diagnosis as well 1 Treatment editTreatment for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation may include topical agents like hydroquinone retinoids ascorbic acid and azelaic acid as well as chemical peels or laser therapy to promote skin renewal and reduce pigmentation Sun protection is also crucial to prevent further darkening of the affected skin In severe or recurrent cases combination therapy of hydroquinone plus one or more additional topical agents is common 2 3 Topical medications and other non procedural treatments are preferred over chemical peels laser therapy dermabrasion and other destructive therapies This is because the topical treatments are often very effective in managing PIH and typically cost less while also having lower potential for side effects or worsening of the condition Some patients especially those with darker skin have been known to experience worsening of their PIH with destructive therapy rather than improvement The reason for this is often not known 3 See also editHyperpigmentation MelaninReferences edit a b c Lawrence Elizabeth Al Aboud Khalid M 2024 Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation StatPearls StatPearls Publishing a b c Collier Sigrid M Krejci Manwaring Jennifer Usatine Richard P 2019 Chapter 207 Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation The Color Atlas and Synopsis of Family Medicine 3rd ed New York McGraw Hill a b c d Chaowattanapanit Suteeraporn Silpa archa Narumol Kohli Indermeet Lim Henry W Hamzavi Iltefat Oct 2017 Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation A comprehensive overview Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 77 4 607 621 doi 10 1016 j jaad 2017 01 036 ISSN 0190 9622 Concha J S S Afarideh M Werth V P 27 Dec 2021 Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and erythema new insights into the pathogenesis British Journal of Dermatology 186 3 390 391 doi 10 1111 bjd 20938 ISSN 0007 0963 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation amp oldid 1211147216, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
