Positive psychotherapy (PPT after Peseschkian, since 1977) is a psychotherapeutic method developed by psychiatrist Nossrat Peseschkian and co-workers in Germany beginning in 1968. It can be described as a humanisticpsychodynamic psychotherapy, which is based on a positive conception of human nature. The focus of positive psychotherapy is to enhance the positive emotion and engagement of patients rather than targeting the depressive symptoms [1] PPT is an integrative method which includes humanistic, systemic, psychodynamic and CBT-elements. Today there are centers and trainings in some twenty countries worldwide. It should not be confused with positive psychology.[2]
The founder of positive psychotherapy, Nossrat Peseschkian (1933–2010), was an Iranian-born German certified psychiatrist, neurologist and psychotherapist. He was inspired in the late 1960s and early 1970s by different sources, persons and developments:
The spirit of that time, which brought into existence humanistic psychology and its further developments.
By the humanistic teachings and virtues of the Baháʼí Faith.
By looking for an integrative method, especially because of problems between psychoanalysts and behaviour therapists at that time
Based on transcultural observations in over 20 cultures, and searching for an integrative method which is cultur-sensitive
The term "positive"
The method was called "differentiational analysis" until 1977. In 1977, Nossrat Peseschkian published his work "Positive Psychotherapie",[4] which was published in English as "Positive Psychotherapy"[5] in 1987. The term "positive" is derived from the original Latin expression "positum or positivus" which means the actual, the real, the concrete. The aim of positive psychotherapy and positive psychotherapists is to help the patient and client to see also their abilities, strengths, resources and potentials.
Main characteristics
Integrative psychotherapy method
Humanistic Psychodynamic Method
Cohesive, integrated therapeutic system
Conflict-centered short-term method
Cultur-sensitive method
Use of stories, anecdotes and wisdoms
Innovative interventions and techniques
Application in psychotherapy, other medical disciplines, counselling, education, prevention, management and trainings
Main principles
The three main principles or pillars of positive psychotherapy are:
The Principle of Hope
The Principle of Balance
The Principle of Consultation
1. The Principle of Hope implies that the therapist wants to assist patients to understand and see the meaning and purpose of their disorder or conflict. Accordingly, the disorder will be reinterpreted in a "positive" way (positive interpretations):
Some examples:
Sleep disturbance is the ability to be watchful and get by with little sleep
Depression is the ability to react with deepest emotionality to conflicts
Schizophrenia is the ability to live in two worlds at the same time or to live in a fantasy world
Anorexia nervosa is the ability to get along with few meals and identify with the hunger of the world
Through this positive view, a change of standpoint becomes possible, not only for the patient, but also for his environment. Hence, illnesses have a symbolic function which has to be recognized by both therapist and patient. The patient learns that the symptoms and complaints of the illness are signals to bring his or her four qualities of life into new balance.
2. Principle of Balance: Despite social and cultural differences and the uniqueness of every human being, it can be observed that during the management of their problems that all humans refer to typical forms of coping. Thomas Kornbichler [6] explains: "Nossrat Peseschkian formulated with the Balance Model of Positive Psychotherapy (an innovative contemporary approach to dynamic psychotherapy) a vivid model of coping with conflicts in different cultures." According to the balance model, the four areas of life are: 1. body/health – psychosomatic; 2. achievement/work – stress factors; 3. contact/relationships – depression; 4. future/purpose/meaning of life – fears and phobia.
Though these four ranges are inherent in all humans, in the western hemisphere the emphasis is more often on the areas of body/senses and profession/achievement in contrast to the eastern hemisphere where the areas are contact, fantasy and future (cross-cultural aspect of positive psychotherapy). Lack of contact and imagination are some of the causes of many psychosomatic diseases. Everyone develops his or her own preferences on how to cope with conflicts that occur. Through a one-sided mode to the conflict solution, the other modes become eclipsed. The conflict contents (e.g. punctuality, orderliness, politeness, trust, time, patience) are described in terms of primary and secondary capacities, based on the basic capacities of loving and knowing. This can be seen as a content-wise differentiation of Freud's classical model of the instances.
3. Principle of Consultation: Five-stages of therapy and self-help. The five stages of positive psychotherapy represent a concept in which therapy and self-help are closely interrelated. The patient and the family are informed together about the illness and the individual solution to it.
1st Step: Observation; distancing (perception: the capacity to express desire and problems)
2nd Step: Taking inventory (cognitive capacities: events in the last 5 to 10 years)
3rd Step: Situational encouragement (self-help and resource-activation of the patient: the ability to use past successes in conflict solution)
4th Step: Verbalization (communicative capacities: the ability to express outstanding conflicts and problems in the four qualities of life)
5th Step: Expansion of goals (in order to evoke forward–looking orientation in life after the problems are solved, the patient is asked: "What would you like to do, when no more problems are left to be solved? What are your goals for the next five years?")
Development and international network
The main emphasis of positive psychotherapy during the past 40 years has been treatment, training and publication.
In 1979, the Wiesbaden Postgraduate Training Institute for Psychotherapy and Family Therapy was established as a postgraduate training for physicians in Wiesbaden, Germany. In 1999, the Wiesbaden Academy for Psychotherapy (WIAP),[7] a state-licensed, postgraduate psychotherapy academy with a large outpatient clinic, was established for the training of psychologists and educational scientists.
Most Positive Psychotherapists work in private offices or in clinics. In Germany, Positive Psychotherapy is counted as a psychodynamic method and the health insurance covers the costs.
Since the early 1980s, seminars and trainings have taken place in some 60 countries. Today, Positive Psychotherapy is practiced in more than 25 countries with approximately 30 independent centres and institutions. The training programs for mental health professionals consist of basic and master trainings over several years.
The international head office is based in Wiesbaden, Germany. Positive psychotherapy is represented internationally by the World Association of Positive and Transcultural Psychotherapy (WAPP).[8] Its international governing board of directors is elected every two years. There are national and regional associations in some ten countries.
PPT and its therapists have been engaged in the international development of psychotherapy, and are active members of international and continental associations [9]
Publications and research
In 1997, a quality assurance and effectiveness study was undertaken in Germany.[10] The results show this short-term method to be effective. The study was awarded the Richard-Merten-Prize.
Today there are more than 30 major books on positive psychotherapy, of which some have been published in more than 23 languages. Some of the main ones are:
Peseschkian, Nossrat (2006). If You Want Something You Never Had, Then Do Something You Never Did. Sterling Pvt., Ltd. ISBN1-84557-509-1.
Peseschkian, Nossrat N (1987). Positive Psychotherapy Theory and Practice of a New Method. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN978-0-387-15794-8. (translated) (first German edition 1977)
Peseschkian, Nossrat (1986). Oriental Stories as Tools in Psychotherapy: the Merchant and the Parrot / With 100 Case Examples for Education and Self-Help. Springer-Verlag. ISBN978-0-387-15765-8. (First German edition 1979)
Peseschkian, Nossrat (1985). In Search of Meaning. Springer. ISBN978-0-387-15766-5. (first German edition 1983)
Peseschkian, Nossrat (1986). Positive Family Therapy. Springer. ISBN978-0-387-15768-9., republished India: Sterling Publishers Pvt., Ltd., ISBN978-81-207-1839-5 (first German edition 1980)
Peseschkian, Nossrat (1986). Psychotherapy of Everyday Life: Training in Partnership and Self Help With 250 Case Histories. Springer. ISBN978-0-387-15767-2. (first German edition 1974)
Maxim Goncharov, Operationalization of countertransference in Positive Psychotherapy. International Journal of Psychotherapy, Vol 16, No 3, Article 4
Maksim Goncharov, Conflict operationalization in Positive Psychotherapy, Khabarovsk, Russia, 2014. ISBN978-5-9905455-1-9
^Seligman, M., 2006. Positive psychotherapy. The American psychologist, 61(8), pp.774-788.
^Theo A. Cope, Positive Psychotherapy: 'Let the Truth be Told'. International Journal of Psychotherapy, Vol 18, No 2, July 2014, http://www. ijp.org.uk
^[1] 2016-03-07 at the Wayback MachineEuropean Association of psychotherapy.
^Karin Tritt, Thomas H. Loew, Martin Meyer, Birgit Werner and Nossrat Peseschkian: POSITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY: EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH. Eur. J. Psychiat. Vol. 13, N° 4, (231-241) 1999
External links
World Association for Positive and Transcultural Psychotherapy
PPT Education Information
International Academy information
OxNotes Education Information
January 30, 2023
positive, psychotherapy, after, peseschkian, since, 1977, psychotherapeutic, method, developed, psychiatrist, nossrat, peseschkian, workers, germany, beginning, 1968, described, humanistic, psychodynamic, psychotherapy, which, based, positive, conception, huma. Positive psychotherapy PPT after Peseschkian since 1977 is a psychotherapeutic method developed by psychiatrist Nossrat Peseschkian and co workers in Germany beginning in 1968 It can be described as a humanistic psychodynamic psychotherapy which is based on a positive conception of human nature The focus of positive psychotherapy is to enhance the positive emotion and engagement of patients rather than targeting the depressive symptoms 1 PPT is an integrative method which includes humanistic systemic psychodynamic and CBT elements Today there are centers and trainings in some twenty countries worldwide It should not be confused with positive psychology 2 Contents 1 Beginnings 2 The term positive 3 Main characteristics 4 Main principles 5 Development and international network 6 Publications and research 7 PPT Award Winners 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksBeginnings EditThe founder of positive psychotherapy Nossrat Peseschkian 1933 2010 was an Iranian born German certified psychiatrist neurologist and psychotherapist He was inspired in the late 1960s and early 1970s by different sources persons and developments The spirit of that time which brought into existence humanistic psychology and its further developments Personal encounters with prominent psychotherapists and psychiatrists such as Viktor Frankl Jacob L Moreno Heinrich Meng 3 better source needed and others By the humanistic teachings and virtues of the Bahaʼi Faith By looking for an integrative method especially because of problems between psychoanalysts and behaviour therapists at that time Based on transcultural observations in over 20 cultures and searching for an integrative method which is cultur sensitiveThe term positive EditThe method was called differentiational analysis until 1977 In 1977 Nossrat Peseschkian published his work Positive Psychotherapie 4 which was published in English as Positive Psychotherapy 5 in 1987 The term positive is derived from the original Latin expression positum or positivus which means the actual the real the concrete The aim of positive psychotherapy and positive psychotherapists is to help the patient and client to see also their abilities strengths resources and potentials Main characteristics EditIntegrative psychotherapy method Humanistic Psychodynamic Method Cohesive integrated therapeutic system Conflict centered short term method Cultur sensitive method Use of stories anecdotes and wisdoms Innovative interventions and techniques Application in psychotherapy other medical disciplines counselling education prevention management and trainingsMain principles EditThe three main principles or pillars of positive psychotherapy are The Principle of Hope The Principle of Balance The Principle of Consultation1 The Principle of Hope implies that the therapist wants to assist patients to understand and see the meaning and purpose of their disorder or conflict Accordingly the disorder will be reinterpreted in a positive way positive interpretations Some examples Sleep disturbance is the ability to be watchful and get by with little sleep Depression is the ability to react with deepest emotionality to conflicts Schizophrenia is the ability to live in two worlds at the same time or to live in a fantasy world Anorexia nervosa is the ability to get along with few meals and identify with the hunger of the worldThrough this positive view a change of standpoint becomes possible not only for the patient but also for his environment Hence illnesses have a symbolic function which has to be recognized by both therapist and patient The patient learns that the symptoms and complaints of the illness are signals to bring his or her four qualities of life into new balance 2 Principle of Balance Despite social and cultural differences and the uniqueness of every human being it can be observed that during the management of their problems that all humans refer to typical forms of coping Thomas Kornbichler 6 explains Nossrat Peseschkian formulated with the Balance Model of Positive Psychotherapy an innovative contemporary approach to dynamic psychotherapy a vivid model of coping with conflicts in different cultures According to the balance model the four areas of life are 1 body health psychosomatic 2 achievement work stress factors 3 contact relationships depression 4 future purpose meaning of life fears and phobia Though these four ranges are inherent in all humans in the western hemisphere the emphasis is more often on the areas of body senses and profession achievement in contrast to the eastern hemisphere where the areas are contact fantasy and future cross cultural aspect of positive psychotherapy Lack of contact and imagination are some of the causes of many psychosomatic diseases Everyone develops his or her own preferences on how to cope with conflicts that occur Through a one sided mode to the conflict solution the other modes become eclipsed The conflict contents e g punctuality orderliness politeness trust time patience are described in terms of primary and secondary capacities based on the basic capacities of loving and knowing This can be seen as a content wise differentiation of Freud s classical model of the instances 3 Principle of Consultation Five stages of therapy and self help The five stages of positive psychotherapy represent a concept in which therapy and self help are closely interrelated The patient and the family are informed together about the illness and the individual solution to it 1st Step Observation distancing perception the capacity to express desire and problems 2nd Step Taking inventory cognitive capacities events in the last 5 to 10 years 3rd Step Situational encouragement self help and resource activation of the patient the ability to use past successes in conflict solution 4th Step Verbalization communicative capacities the ability to express outstanding conflicts and problems in the four qualities of life 5th Step Expansion of goals in order to evoke forward looking orientation in life after the problems are solved the patient is asked What would you like to do when no more problems are left to be solved What are your goals for the next five years Development and international network EditThe main emphasis of positive psychotherapy during the past 40 years has been treatment training and publication In 1979 the Wiesbaden Postgraduate Training Institute for Psychotherapy and Family Therapy was established as a postgraduate training for physicians in Wiesbaden Germany In 1999 the Wiesbaden Academy for Psychotherapy WIAP 7 a state licensed postgraduate psychotherapy academy with a large outpatient clinic was established for the training of psychologists and educational scientists Most Positive Psychotherapists work in private offices or in clinics In Germany Positive Psychotherapy is counted as a psychodynamic method and the health insurance covers the costs Since the early 1980s seminars and trainings have taken place in some 60 countries Today Positive Psychotherapy is practiced in more than 25 countries with approximately 30 independent centres and institutions The training programs for mental health professionals consist of basic and master trainings over several years The international head office is based in Wiesbaden Germany Positive psychotherapy is represented internationally by the World Association of Positive and Transcultural Psychotherapy WAPP 8 Its international governing board of directors is elected every two years There are national and regional associations in some ten countries PPT and its therapists have been engaged in the international development of psychotherapy and are active members of international and continental associations 9 Publications and research EditIn 1997 a quality assurance and effectiveness study was undertaken in Germany 10 The results show this short term method to be effective The study was awarded the Richard Merten Prize Today there are more than 30 major books on positive psychotherapy of which some have been published in more than 23 languages Some of the main ones are Peseschkian Nossrat 2006 If You Want Something You Never Had Then Do Something You Never Did Sterling Pvt Ltd ISBN 1 84557 509 1 Peseschkian Nossrat N 1987 Positive Psychotherapy Theory and Practice of a New Method Berlin Springer Verlag ISBN 978 0 387 15794 8 translated first German edition 1977 Peseschkian Nossrat 1986 Oriental Stories as Tools in Psychotherapy the Merchant and the Parrot With 100 Case Examples for Education and Self Help Springer Verlag ISBN 978 0 387 15765 8 First German edition 1979 Peseschkian Nossrat 1985 In Search of Meaning Springer ISBN 978 0 387 15766 5 first German edition 1983 Peseschkian Nossrat 1986 Positive Family Therapy Springer ISBN 978 0 387 15768 9 republished India Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd ISBN 978 81 207 1839 5 first German edition 1980 Peseschkian Nossrat 1986 Psychotherapy of Everyday Life Training in Partnership and Self Help With 250 Case Histories Springer ISBN 978 0 387 15767 2 first German edition 1974 Maxim Goncharov Operationalization of countertransference in Positive Psychotherapy International Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 16 No 3 Article 4 Maksim Goncharov Conflict operationalization in Positive Psychotherapy Khabarovsk Russia 2014 ISBN 978 5 9905455 1 9 Messias Erick Peseschkian Hamid Cagande Consuelo eds 2020 Positive Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychology Clinical Applications Springer Nature Switzerland AG ISBN 978 3 030 33263 1 PPT Award Winners Edit in alphabetical order Prof Dr med Raymond Battegay Switzerland 2000 2007 Prof Dr Gaetano Benedetti Switzerland 2000 Prof Dr Iwanka Boncheva Bulgaria 2007 Mr Sci Enver Cesko Kosovo 2010 Dr Ali Eryilmaz Turkey 2010 Prof Hurol Fisiloglu Turkey 2003 Dr Agnes und Dr Bijan Ghaznavi China Switzerland 2007 Dr Maxim Goncharov Russia 2007 Dipl Psych Christian Henrichs M phil Germany 2010 Dr Gunther Hubner Germany 2007 Dr Gabriela Hum Romania 2007 Dr Vladimir Karikash Ukraine 2007 Dr med Hermann Kerger Germany 2000 Dr Ivan Kirillov Russia 2003 2007 Willi Kohler Germany 2000 Yuriy Kravchenko Ukraine 2010 Dr med Walburg Maric Oehler Germany 2010 Helga Mengistu Faust Germany Ethiopia 2017 Mag Dr Johannes Okoro Austria 2017 Dr med Hamid Peseschkian Germany 2010 Melody Qu China 2010 Dr phil Sheyda Rafat Germany 2019 Dr med Heidi Rausch Germany 2010 Arno Remmers Germany 2000 2003 Prof Horst Rheindorf Germany 2000 Dr Elena Sakalo Ukraine 2010 Prof Dr Shridhar Sharma India 2007 Dr Vladimir Slabinsky Russia 2003 Prof Todorov Bulgaria 2003 Dr med Richard Werringloer Germany 2017 See also EditPositive psychologyReferences Edit Seligman M 2006 Positive psychotherapy The American psychologist 61 8 pp 774 788 Theo A Cope Positive Psychotherapy Let the Truth be Told International Journal of Psychotherapy Vol 18 No 2 July 2014 http www ijp org uk see de Heinrich Meng Positive Psychotherapie Theorie und Praxis einer neuen Methode Fischer Verlag Frankfurt am Main 1977 Positive Psychotherapy Theory and Practice of a New Method Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 1987 Kornbichler Thomas 2006 Die Tiefenpsychologisch Fundierte Psychotherapie Stuttgart Kreuz Verlag ISBN 9783783125832 Wiesbadener Akademie fur Psychotherapie WIAP in German Positive Psychotherapy 1 Archived 2016 03 07 at the Wayback Machine European Association of psychotherapy Karin Tritt Thomas H Loew Martin Meyer Birgit Werner and Nossrat Peseschkian POSITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Eur J Psychiat Vol 13 N 4 231 241 1999External links EditWorld Association for Positive and Transcultural Psychotherapy PPT Education Information International Academy information OxNotes Education Information Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Positive psychotherapy amp oldid 1084838617, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
