Bubo (died 734),[1] also spelled Bobbo, Poppo or Popo, was the pagan[2]duke (dux) of the Frisians in the early eighth century. He is the first ruler whose name is known after Radbod (died 719). He did not recognise Frankish supremacy, and his territory probably only encompassed the north of Radbod's Frisia.[3] He was defeated in a short war by the forces of Charles Martel, the duke of the Franks, in the Battle of the Boorne. The Frankish chroniclers, such as the Continuations of Fredegar, Vita Willibroridi of Alcuin and the Annales Mettenses priores, depict Bubo as a rebel and the Frankish invasion as a just war.
There was a rebellion—probably not led by Bubo—against Frankish rule in the region of Westergo in 733, which Charles put down.[4] The inhabitants gave hostages, converted to Christianity and recognised Frankish overlordship, but after Charles left they were punished by their fellow Frisians. The next year (734), the Frisians rebelled again, this time under Bubo's leadership. Charles gathered a large fleet and army and prepared a naval invasion. Initial landings on Westergo and Ostergo[5] encountered no resistance, since Charles's aim was to bring Bubo to heel. This time no punitive measures were taken against the Frisians.[4] Charles and Bubo's armies met on the banks of the river Boorne, perhaps at Oldeboorne, one of the Frisians' chief commercial centers at the time.[4] The Franks appear to have coveted the trade that passed through there and through Domburg and Dorestad (which they already possessed).[6] The Franks constructed a fortified encampment (castra) once on shore and the Frisian army was defeated. Bubo was killed in combat.[4]
The death of Bubo marked an important phase in the destruction of Frisian paganism. Charles ordered the shrines (fana) to be destroyed and carried back to Francia "a great mass of spoils" (magna spolia et praeda).[4] The Latin title victor given him by the chroniclers may indicate that he celebrated a Roman-style triumph on his return home.[4]
Notesedit
^Lewis 1976, p. 403 n. 42, gives a date of 736, consistent with the Annales Mettenses priores.
Bachrach, Bernard (2001). Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to Empire. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Costambeys, Marios; Innes, Matthew; MacLean, Simon (2011). The Carolingian World. Cambridge University Press.
Halbertsma, H. (2000). Het rijk van de Friese koningen, opkomst en ondergang. Utrecht.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Lewis, A. R. (1976). "The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550–751". Speculum. 51 (3): 381–410. doi:10.2307/2851704. JSTOR 2851704. S2CID 162248053.
Wood, Ian N. (1994). The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751. London: Longman.
February 13, 2024
bubo, duke, frisians, bubo, died, also, spelled, bobbo, poppo, popo, pagan, duke, frisians, early, eighth, century, first, ruler, whose, name, known, after, radbod, died, recognise, frankish, supremacy, territory, probably, only, encompassed, north, radbod, fr. Bubo died 734 1 also spelled Bobbo Poppo or Popo was the pagan 2 duke dux of the Frisians in the early eighth century He is the first ruler whose name is known after Radbod died 719 He did not recognise Frankish supremacy and his territory probably only encompassed the north of Radbod s Frisia 3 He was defeated in a short war by the forces of Charles Martel the duke of the Franks in the Battle of the Boorne The Frankish chroniclers such as the Continuations of Fredegar Vita Willibroridi of Alcuin and the Annales Mettenses priores depict Bubo as a rebel and the Frankish invasion as a just war There was a rebellion probably not led by Bubo against Frankish rule in the region of Westergo in 733 which Charles put down 4 The inhabitants gave hostages converted to Christianity and recognised Frankish overlordship but after Charles left they were punished by their fellow Frisians The next year 734 the Frisians rebelled again this time under Bubo s leadership Charles gathered a large fleet and army and prepared a naval invasion Initial landings on Westergo and Ostergo 5 encountered no resistance since Charles s aim was to bring Bubo to heel This time no punitive measures were taken against the Frisians 4 Charles and Bubo s armies met on the banks of the river Boorne perhaps at Oldeboorne one of the Frisians chief commercial centers at the time 4 The Franks appear to have coveted the trade that passed through there and through Domburg and Dorestad which they already possessed 6 The Franks constructed a fortified encampment castra once on shore and the Frisian army was defeated Bubo was killed in combat 4 The death of Bubo marked an important phase in the destruction of Frisian paganism Charles ordered the shrines fana to be destroyed and carried back to Francia a great mass of spoils magna spolia et praeda 4 The Latin title victor given him by the chroniclers may indicate that he celebrated a Roman style triumph on his return home 4 Notes edit Lewis 1976 p 403 n 42 gives a date of 736 consistent with the Annales Mettenses priores Wood 1994 p 285 Lewis 1976 p 403 a b c d e f Bachrach 2001 pp 250 51 These regions were described as islands insulae in contemporary accounts Costambeys Innes amp MacLean 2011 p 48 Sources editBachrach Bernard 2001 Early Carolingian Warfare Prelude to Empire University of Pennsylvania Press Costambeys Marios Innes Matthew MacLean Simon 2011 The Carolingian World Cambridge University Press Halbertsma H 2000 Het rijk van de Friese koningen opkomst en ondergang Utrecht a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Lewis A R 1976 The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum A D 550 751 Speculum 51 3 381 410 doi 10 2307 2851704 JSTOR 2851704 S2CID 162248053 Wood Ian N 1994 The Merovingian Kingdoms 450 751 London Longman Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bubo Duke of the Frisians amp oldid 1175932940, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
