Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE), often referred to simply as polyphenylene oxide, is a high-temperature thermoplastic. It is rarely used in its pure form due to difficulties in processing. It is mainly used as blend with polystyrene, high impact styrene-butadiene copolymer or polyamide. PPO is a registered trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics B.V. under which various polyphenylene ether resins are sold.
Polyphenylene ether was discovered in 1959[1] by Allan Hay, and was commercialized by General Electric in 1960.
While it was one of the cheapest high-temperature resistant plastics, processing was difficult, while the impact and heat resistance gradually decreased with time. Mixing it with polystyrene in any ratio could compensate for the disadvantages. In the 1960s, modified PPE came into the market under the trademark Noryl.[2]
Propertiesedit
PPE is an amorphous high-performance plastic. The glass transition temperature is 215 °C, but it can be varied by mixing with polystyrene. Through modification and the incorporation of fillers such as glass fibers, the properties can be extensively modified.
Applicationsedit
A printer cartridge made of PPE and polystyrene; it is an example of a product which requires good dimensional stability and accuracy to fit.
PPE blends are used for structural parts, electronics, household and automotive items that depend on high heat resistance, dimensional stability and accuracy. They are also used in medicine for sterilizable instruments made of plastic.[3] The PPE blends are characterized by hot water resistance with low water absorption, high impact strength, halogen-free fire protection and low density.
This plastic is processed by injection molding or extrusion; depending on the type, the processing temperature is 260–300 °C. The surface can be printed, hot-stamped, painted or metallized. Welds are possible by means of heating element, friction or ultrasonic welding. It can be glued with halogenated solvents or various adhesives.
This plastic is also used to produce air separation membranes for generating nitrogen.[4] The PPO is spun into a hollow fiber membrane with a porous support layer and a very thin outer skin. The permeation of oxygen occurs from inside to out across the thin outer skin with an extremely high flux. Due to the manufacturing process, the fiber has excellent dimensional stability and strength. Unlike hollow fiber membranes made from polysulfone, the aging process of the fiber is relatively quick so that air separation performance remains stable throughout the life of the membrane. PPO makes the air separation performance suitable for low temperature (35–70 °F, 2–21 °C) applications where polysulfone membranes require heated air to increase permeation.
Translated from the article Polyphenylenether on the German Wikipedia.
^Hay, A. S.; Blanchard, H. S.; Endres, G. F.; Eustance, J. W. (1 December 1959). "Polymerization by Oxidative Coupling". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 81 (23): 6335–6336. doi:10.1021/ja01532a062. ISSN 0002-7863.
^D. Alberti "Modifizierte aromatische Polyether" in Kunststoffe 10/87, S. 1001
^A. Hohmann, W. Hielscher: Lexikon der Zahntechnik: Das grundlegende Werk: 12,000 Begriffe aus Zahntechnik und Zahnheilkunde in einem Band. Verlag Neuer Merkur, 1998, ISBN978-3-929360-28-8
^Uyama, Hiroshi; Ikeda, Ryohei; Yaguchi, Shigeru; Kobayashi, Shiro (2001). "Enzymatic Polymerization of Natural Phenol Derivatives and Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters from Vinyl Esters". Polymers from Renewable Resources. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 764. p. 113. doi:10.1021/bk-2000-0764.ch009. ISBN0-8412-3646-1.
External linksedit
Douglas Robello. "Poly(phenylene oxide)". University of Rochester. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12.
"USPTO registration of PPO".
December 15, 2023
poly, phenylene, oxide, poly, phenylene, ether, often, referred, simply, polyphenylene, oxide, high, temperature, thermoplastic, rarely, used, pure, form, difficulties, processing, mainly, used, blend, with, polystyrene, high, impact, styrene, butadiene, copol. Poly p phenylene oxide PPO poly p phenylene ether PPE often referred to simply as polyphenylene oxide is a high temperature thermoplastic It is rarely used in its pure form due to difficulties in processing It is mainly used as blend with polystyrene high impact styrene butadiene copolymer or polyamide PPO is a registered trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics B V under which various polyphenylene ether resins are sold Poly p phenylene oxide NamesOther names Poly p phenylene ether PPO PPEIdentifiersCAS Number 25134 01 4ECHA InfoCard 100 110 020CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID2049711PropertiesChemical formula C8H8O nExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Infobox references Contents 1 History 2 Properties 3 Applications 4 Production from natural products 5 References 6 External linksHistory editPolyphenylene ether was discovered in 1959 1 by Allan Hay and was commercialized by General Electric in 1960 While it was one of the cheapest high temperature resistant plastics processing was difficult while the impact and heat resistance gradually decreased with time Mixing it with polystyrene in any ratio could compensate for the disadvantages In the 1960s modified PPE came into the market under the trademark Noryl 2 Properties editPPE is an amorphous high performance plastic The glass transition temperature is 215 C but it can be varied by mixing with polystyrene Through modification and the incorporation of fillers such as glass fibers the properties can be extensively modified Applications edit nbsp A printer cartridge made of PPE and polystyrene it is an example of a product which requires good dimensional stability and accuracy to fit PPE blends are used for structural parts electronics household and automotive items that depend on high heat resistance dimensional stability and accuracy They are also used in medicine for sterilizable instruments made of plastic 3 The PPE blends are characterized by hot water resistance with low water absorption high impact strength halogen free fire protection and low density This plastic is processed by injection molding or extrusion depending on the type the processing temperature is 260 300 C The surface can be printed hot stamped painted or metallized Welds are possible by means of heating element friction or ultrasonic welding It can be glued with halogenated solvents or various adhesives This plastic is also used to produce air separation membranes for generating nitrogen 4 The PPO is spun into a hollow fiber membrane with a porous support layer and a very thin outer skin The permeation of oxygen occurs from inside to out across the thin outer skin with an extremely high flux Due to the manufacturing process the fiber has excellent dimensional stability and strength Unlike hollow fiber membranes made from polysulfone the aging process of the fiber is relatively quick so that air separation performance remains stable throughout the life of the membrane PPO makes the air separation performance suitable for low temperature 35 70 F 2 21 C applications where polysulfone membranes require heated air to increase permeation Production from natural products editNatural phenols can be enzymatically polymerized Laccase and peroxidase induce the polymerization of syringic acid to give a poly 1 4 phenylene oxide bearing a carboxylic acid at one end and a phenolic hydroxyl group at the other 5 References editTranslated from the articlePolyphenylenetheron the German Wikipedia Hay A S Blanchard H S Endres G F Eustance J W 1 December 1959 Polymerization by Oxidative Coupling Journal of the American Chemical Society 81 23 6335 6336 doi 10 1021 ja01532a062 ISSN 0002 7863 D Alberti Modifizierte aromatische Polyether in Kunststoffe 10 87 S 1001 A Hohmann W Hielscher Lexikon der Zahntechnik Das grundlegende Werk 12 000 Begriffe aus Zahntechnik und Zahnheilkunde in einem Band Verlag Neuer Merkur 1998 ISBN 978 3 929360 28 8 Membrane Nitrogen Generators parkern2 com Uyama Hiroshi Ikeda Ryohei Yaguchi Shigeru Kobayashi Shiro 2001 Enzymatic Polymerization of Natural Phenol Derivatives and Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters from Vinyl Esters Polymers from Renewable Resources ACS Symposium Series Vol 764 p 113 doi 10 1021 bk 2000 0764 ch009 ISBN 0 8412 3646 1 External links editDouglas Robello Poly phenylene oxide University of Rochester Archived from the original on 2012 12 12 USPTO registration of PPO Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Poly p phenylene oxide amp oldid 1138219966, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
