Poetry of Paul Goodman

Paul Goodman described himself as a man of letters but foremost a poet. He published several poetry collections in his life, including The Lordly Hudson (1962), Hawkweed (1967), North Percy (1968), and Homespun of Oatmeal Gray (1970). His Collected Poems (1973) were published posthumously.^[1]

Goodman

Background

Paul Goodman (1911–1972) referred to himself, based on his various literary intersts, as a man of letters.^[2] While prolific across many literary forms and topical categories,^[4][5] as a humanist, Goodman thought of his writing as serving one common subject—"the organism and the environment"—and one common, pragmatic aim: that the writing should effect a change.^[6][3] Indeed, Goodman's poetry, fiction, drama, literary criticism, urban planning, psychological, cultural, and educational theory addressed the theme of the individual citizen's duties in the larger society, especially the responsibility to exercise free action and creativity.^[3] While his fiction and poetry was noted in his time, following Growing Up Absurd's success, he diverted his attention from literature and spent his final decade pursuing the social and cultural criticism that forms the basis of his legacy.^[3]

Goodman prized his poems and stories above his other work,^[2] and thought of himself as foremost a poet,^[7] though it would not be the work for which he was known.^[3]

Practice and style

Goodman began to write poems in his youth, before his first stories.^[2] He modeled his early poems in the tradition of Greek and Latin poets, rather than the more contemporary of modernist poetry.^[8]

He was known to compose his poems on paper scraps and envelopes that he carried.^[2]

Goodman tends to write in traditional formats, albeit loosely, and about his very personal, direct experience, often describing "his" city and circumstances in a style "closer to heightened speech than modernist ellipses".^[9]

Publication history

His poems were printed in little magazines and limited private editions. New Directions featured Goodman in their 1941 Five Young American Poets. Goodman released five verse poems the same year in Stop-Light, written in the style of Japanese Noh.^[7]

Goodman originally printed a set of poems, The Copernican Revolution, as a Christmas card with his friend's small 5x8 Press in 1946. With demand, a 1947 edition doubled its content.^[10]

Between 1954 and 1960, Goodman's spouse, Sally Goodman, compiled and printed three pamphlets of his poetry: Day and Other Poems (1954), Red Jacket (Christmas 1955), and The Well of Bethlehem (1957 or 1958).^[11] Some of these poems were previously published in the Quarterly Review of Literature, Poetry, Resistance, among other small publications.^[12]

His poetry collections came later in his life, after he had come to prominence as a social critic with Growing Up Absurd (1960). These poetry volumes included The Lordly Hudson (1962), Hawkweed (1967), North Percy (1968), and Homespun of Oatmeal Grey (1970).^[7]

Collections

The Lordly Hudson

Main article: The Lordly Hudson

Poet Harvey Shapiro wrote that the poetry in The Lordly Hudson, Goodman's first solo collection, was "the purest version of his thought ... always serviceable, sometimes awkward ... by rips and starts brilliant."^[9] Richard Kostelanetz wrote that Goodman's title lyric was his most memorable line:^[9]

This is our Lordly Hudson hardly flowing

under the green-grown cliffs

and has no peer in Europe or the East.

Be quiet, heart! Home! Home!

The phrase "lordly Hudson" had been first penned by Washington Irving in the early 1800s.^[13]

Composer Ned Rorem put Goodman's poem "The Lordly Hudson" to art song. The Music Library Association called it the best published song of 1948.^[14] Soprano Janet Fairbank premiered the work.^[15]

Hawkweed

North Percy

Homespun of Oatmeal Grey

Analysis

Influence

Goodman influenced the poet Frank O'Hara, who liked Goodman's plain speech in his fiction, his act of writing poems occasionally, and his focus on New York City.^[16]

Collections

• Stop-Light: Five Dance Poems (1941)
• The Lordly Hudson: Collected Poems (1962)
• Hawkweed (1967)
• North Percy (1968)
• Homespun of Oatmeal Gray (1970)
• Collected Poems (1973)

References

1. Rogoff 1997, pp. 129–130.
2. Stoehr 1986, p. 149.
3. Smith 2001, p. 178.
4. At the time of his death, his work spanned 21 different sections of the New York Public Library.^[3]
5. Kostelanetz 1969, pp. 270–271.
6. Kostelanetz 1969, p. 271.
7. Rogoff 1997, p. 129.
8. Stoehr 1994c, p. 21.
9. Kostelanetz 1969, p. 285.
10. Nicely 1979, p. 35.
11. Nicely 1979, pp. 55–56, 58, 62.
12. Nicely 1979, p. 59.
13. Henshaw, Robert E. (2011). "River of Inspiration". In Henshaw, Robert E. (ed.). Environmental History of the Hudson River: Human Uses that Changed the Ecology, Ecology that Changed Human Uses. State University of New York Press. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-4384-4028-6.
14. Diggory 2009, p. 410.
15. Rorem 1983a, p. 60.
16. Gooch, Brad (1993). City Poet: The Life and Times of Frank O'Hara. Knopf. p. 186. ISBN 0-394-57118-5.

Works cited

• Diggory, Terence (2009). "Goodman, Paul". Encyclopedia of the New York School Poets. Infobase Publishing. pp. 200–202. ISBN 978-1-4381-1905-2.
• Kostelanetz, Richard (1969). "Paul Goodman: Persistence and Prevalence". Master Minds: Portraits of Contemporary American Artists and Intellectuals. New York: Macmillan. pp. 270–288. OCLC 23458.
• Nicely, Tom (1979). Adam and His Work: A Bibliography of Sources by and about Paul Goodman (1911–1972). Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-1219-2. OCLC 4832535.
• Rogoff, Leonard (1997). "Paul Goodman". In Shatzky, Joel; Taub, Michael (eds.). Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-critical Sourcebook. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood. pp. 128–139. ISBN 978-0-313-29462-4. OCLC 35758115.
• Rorem, Ned (1983a). "Remembering a Poet". Setting the Tone. Coward-McCann. pp. 358–360.
• Smith, Ernest J. (2001). "Paul Goodman". In Hansom, Paul (ed.). Twentieth-Century American Cultural Theorists. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol. 246. pp. 177–189. ISBN 0-7876-4663-6. Gale MZRHFV506143794.
• Stoehr, Taylor (1986). "Adam and Everyman: Paul Goodman in His Stories". Words and Deeds: Essays on the Realistic Imagination. New York: AMS Press. pp. 149–164. ISBN 978-0-404-61578-9. OCLC 11001514.
• — (October 1994c). "Graffiti and the Imagination: Paul Goodman in His Short Stories". Harvard Library Bulletin. 5 (3): 20–37. ISSN 0017-8136.

Further reading

• Allen, Dick (1972). "Shifts". Poetry. 120 (4): 235–245. ISSN 0032-2032. JSTOR 20595711.
• Barnard, Roger (February 1, 1973). "Goodman Observed". New Society. Vol. 23, no. 539. pp. 251–252. ISSN 0028-6729. ProQuest 1307085609.
• Bell, Pearl K. (November 30, 1970). "Poetry Without Hope". New Leader. Vol. 53, no. 23. pp. 16–17. ISSN 0028-6044. ProQuest 1308968642.
• Capouya, Emile (Fall 1974). "The Poet as Prophet". Parnassus: Poetry in Review. 2: 23–30. Gale KKQFFJ905098518.
• Carruth, Hayden (1992). "Paul Goodman and the Grand Community". Suicides and Jazzers. University of Michigan Press. pp. 81–133. ISBN 978-0-472-09419-6.
• Diggory, Terence (2001). "Community 'Intimate' or 'Inoperative': New York School Poets and Politics from Paul Goodman to Jean-Luc Nancy". The Scene of My Selves: New Work on New York School Poets. Orono, Me: National Poetry Foundation. pp. 13–32. ISBN 978-0-943373-50-8. OCLC 247170553.
• Green, Martin (January 25, 1973). "The Liberation Man". The Guardian. p. 11. ISSN 0261-3077 – via ProQuest.
• Horowitz, Steven Paul (1987). The Poetry of Paul Goodman (Ph.D.). University of Iowa. OCLC 34486237.
• Horowitz, Steven P. (1989). "An Investigation of Paul Goodman and Black Mountain". American Poetry. 7 (1): 2–30. ISSN 0737-3635.
• Howard, Richard (1969). "Paul Goodman: "The Form of Life, the Art of Dissidence."". Alone with America: Essays on the Art of Poetry in the United States Since 1950. New York: Atheneum. pp. 153–163. Gale UUOFSF585881116.
• Justice, Donald (1956). "Occasional Poetry (Revs. of The Copernican Revolution and Days by Paul Goodman)". Poetry. 89 (2): 120–122. ISSN 0032-2032. JSTOR 20586323.
• Keane, Tim (July 2, 2014). "Into a Future of His Choice: Catching Up with Frank O'Hara". The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
• Lehman, David (1969). "When the Sun Tries to Go On". Poetry. 114 (6): 401–409. ISSN 0032-2032. JSTOR 20599086.
• Lehman, David; Brehm, John, eds. (April 3, 2006). "Paul Goodman". The Oxford Book of American Poetry. Oxford University Press. pp. 569–. ISBN 978-0-19-976997-1.
• Levertov, Denise (April 13, 1963). "One of the Lucky (Rev. of The Lordly Hudson)". The Nation. 196 (15): 310–311. ISSN 0027-8378. EBSCOhost 13210856.
• Lynch, Michael (July 1974). "Goodman the Poet". Body Politic (14): 10. ISSN 0315-3606. EBSCOhost 10381538.
• Mazzocco, Robert (May 21, 1970). "Good Man (Rev. of Hawkweed and Five Years by Paul Goodman)". The New York Review of Books. Vol. 14, no. 10. pp. 3–. ISSN 0028-7504. ProQuest 1311527808.
• Ostriker, Alicia (1976). "Paul Goodman". Partisan Review. Vol. 43, no. 2. pp. 286–295. ISSN 0031-2525.
• Rorem, Ned (2013). "Goodman, Paul". The Grove Dictionary of American Music. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-531428-1.
• Rorem, Ned (November 20, 1983). "Literary Menage a Trois". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 147543716.
• Roskolenko, Harry (1956). "A Question of Governance (Rev. of Red Jacket by Paul Goodman)". Poetry. 89 (2): 118–119. ISSN 0032-2032. JSTOR 20586322.
• Shapiro, Harvey (September 1, 1963). "To Be Oneself, to Be Sane, to Insist". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
• Shaw, Lytle (2006). Frank O'Hara: The Poetics of Coterie. ISBN 978-0-87745-984-2.
• Tytell, John (1997). The Living Theatre: Art, Exile, and Outrage. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3486-8.