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PVC superphylum

February 15, 2024

The PVC superphylum is a superphylum of bacteria named after its three important members, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota.[2][3] Cavalier-Smith postulated that the PVC bacteria probably lost or reduced their peptidoglycan cell wall twice.[4] It has been hypothesised that a member of the PVC clade might have been the host cell in the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the first proto-eukaryotic cell.[5][6]

PVC superphylum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Scientific classification
(temporary)
Domain: Bacteria
Clade: Hydrobacteria
Superphylum: PVC superphylum
Phyla

Chlamydiota
Kiritimatiellota
Lentisphaerota
Planctomycetota
Verrucomicrobiota
"Ca. Abyssubacteria"
"Ca. Aureabacteria"
"Ca. Omnitrophica"

Synonyms

Planctobacteria Cavalier-Smith, 1987[1]

Cavalier-Smith calls the same group Planctobacteria and considers it a phylum. However, this is not followed by the larger scientific community.[7] In the Cavalier-Smith bacterial megaclassification, it is within the bacterial Gracilicutes infra-kingdom and comprises the phyla Chlamydiota, Lentisphaerota, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota.[4][8]

PVC superphylum[9][10][2][11]

Molecular signatures edit

Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota in the traditional molecular phylogeny view are considered as phyla and also cluster together in the PVC superphylum, along with the candidate phyla Omnitrophica[12] (previously OP3) and the Poribacteria.[13] An important molecular marker in the form of a conserved signature protein has been found to be consistently shared by PVC members, with the exception of Poribacteria. The conserved signature protein may be a marker that represents a synapomorphic quality and a means to distinguish this bacterial group. Recent studies have characterized this protein and it has been attributed to play an important housekeeping function in DNA/RNA binding.[14] This observation not only provides a means to demarcate the PVC superphylum, but it supports strongly supports an evolutionary relationship shared by this clade that is distinct from other bacteria.[15][16]

Conserved signature indels (CSIs) have also been found specific for the Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota that distinguish each respective phylum from one another, and from other bacteria.[15][17] A three-amino-acid insert in the RNA polymerase protein RpoB has been found that is shared by all sequenced Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Lentisphaerae species. The CSI is absent from neighbouring Planctomycetes' and Poribacteria, suggesting common ancestry among the groups for which the CSI is specific.[15]

Additional lines of evidence for the existence of this clade have been found.[18][19] These include the presence of membrane coat-like proteins, tubulin, sterol synthesis, and the presence of condensed DNA.

Notes edit

References edit

  1. ^ Cavalier-Smith, T (1987). "The origin of eukaryote and archaebacterial cells". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 503 (1): 17–54. Bibcode:1987NYASA.503...17C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb40596.x. PMID 3113314. S2CID 38405158.
  2. ^ a b Wagner, M.; Horn, M. (2006). "The Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae and sister phyla comprise a superphylum with biotechnological and medical relevance". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 17 (3): 241–249. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.005. PMID 16704931.
  3. ^ Rivas-Marín, Elena; Devos, Damien P. (1 June 2018). "The Paradigms They Are a-Changin': past, present and future of PVC bacteria research". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 111 (6): 785–799. doi:10.1007/s10482-017-0962-z. PMC 5945725. PMID 29058138.
  4. ^ a b Cavalier-Smith, T (2002). "The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7. PMID 11837318.
  5. ^ Forterre, Patrick (January 2011). "A new fusion hypothesis for the origin of Eukarya: better than previous ones, but probably also wrong". Research in Microbiology. 162 (1): 77–91. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2010.10.005. PMID 21034817.
  6. ^ Baum, David A; Baum, Buzz (28 October 2014). "An inside-out origin for the eukaryotic cell". BMC Biology. 12 (1): 76. doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0076-2. PMC 4210606. PMID 25350791.
  7. ^ Krieg, N.R.; Ludwig, W.; Whitman, W.B.; Hedlund, B.P.; Paster, B.J.; Staley, J.T.; Ward, N.; Brown, D.; Parte, A. (November 24, 2010) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 908. ISBN 978-0-387-95042-6. British Library no. GBA561951.
  8. ^ Cavalier-Smith T (2006). "Rooting the tree of life by transition analyses". Biol. Direct. 1 (1): 19. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-19. PMC 1586193. PMID 16834776.
  9. ^ Rappe, M. S.; Giovannoni, S. J. (2003). "The Uncultured Microbial Majority". Annual Review of Microbiology. 57: 369–394. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090759. PMID 14527284.
  10. ^ Woese, C. R. (1987). "Bacterial evolution". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.2.221-271.1987. PMC 373105. PMID 2439888.
  11. ^ Stefan Spring, Boyke Bunk, Cathrin Spröer, Peter Schumann, Manfred Rohde, Brian J Tindall & Hans-Peter Klenk, (2016). Characterization of the first cultured representative of Verrucomicrobia subdivision 5 indicates the proposal of a novel phylum. Nature.
  12. ^ "Taxonomy - Candidatus Omnitrophica (PHYLUM)". UniProt.
  13. ^ Wagner, M.; Horn, M. (2006). "The Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae and sister phyla comprise a superphylum with biotechnological and medical relevance". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 17 (3): 241–249. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.005. PMID 16704931.
  14. ^ Lagkouvardos I, Jehl MA, Rattei T, Horn M (2014). "Signature protein of the PVC superphylum". Appl Environ Microbiol. 80 (2): 440–445. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80..440L. doi:10.1128/AEM.02655-13. PMC 3911108. PMID 24185849.
  15. ^ a b c Gupta RS, Bhandari V, Naushad HS (2012). "Molecular Signatures for the PVC Clade (Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Lentisphaerae) of Bacteria Provide Insights into Their Evolutionary Relationships". Front Microbiol. 3: 327. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00327. PMC 3444138. PMID 23060863.
  16. ^ Gupta RS (2016). "Impact of genomics on the understanding of microbial evolution and classification: the importance of Darwin's views on classification". FEMS Microbiol Rev. 40 (4): 520–53. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw011. PMID 27279642.
  17. ^ Gupta RS, Naushad S, Chokshi C, Griffiths E, Adeolu M (2015). "A phylogenomic and molecular markers based analysis of the phylum Chlamydiae: proposal to divide the class Chlamydiia into two orders, Chlamydiales and Parachlamydiales ord. nov., and emended description of the class Chlamydiia". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 108 (3): 765–781. doi:10.1007/s10482-015-0532-1. PMID 26179278. S2CID 17099157.
  18. ^ Wagner M, Horn M (2006). "The Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae and sister phyla comprise a superphylum with biotechnological and medical relevance". Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 17 (3): 241–9. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.005. PMID 16704931.
  19. ^ Kamneva OK, Liberles DA, Ward NL (2010). "Genome-wide influence of indel Substitutions on evolution of bacteria of the PVC superphylum, revealed using a novel computational method". Genome Biol Evol. 2: 870–86. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq071. PMC 3000692. PMID 21048002.

February 15, 2024
superphylum, superphylum, bacteria, named, after, three, important, members, planctomycetota, verrucomicrobiota, chlamydiota, cavalier, smith, postulated, that, bacteria, probably, lost, reduced, their, peptidoglycan, cell, wall, twice, been, hypothesised, tha. The PVC superphylum is a superphylum of bacteria named after its three important members Planctomycetota Verrucomicrobiota and Chlamydiota 2 3 Cavalier Smith postulated that the PVC bacteria probably lost or reduced their peptidoglycan cell wall twice 4 It has been hypothesised that a member of the PVC clade might have been the host cell in the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the first proto eukaryotic cell 5 6 PVC superphylumChlamydia trachomatisScientific classification temporary Domain BacteriaClade HydrobacteriaSuperphylum PVC superphylumPhylaChlamydiotaKiritimatiellotaLentisphaerotaPlanctomycetotaVerrucomicrobiota Ca Abyssubacteria Ca Aureabacteria Ca Omnitrophica SynonymsPlanctobacteria Cavalier Smith 1987 1 Cavalier Smith calls the same group Planctobacteria and considers it a phylum However this is not followed by the larger scientific community 7 In the Cavalier Smith bacterial megaclassification it is within the bacterial Gracilicutes infra kingdom and comprises the phyla Chlamydiota Lentisphaerota Planctomycetota Verrucomicrobiota 4 8 PVC superphylum 9 10 2 11 PVC AureabacteriaPlanctomycetotaOmnitrophicaChlamydiotaKiritimatiellotaLentisphaerotaVerrucomicrobiotaMolecular signatures editPlanctomycetota Verrucomicrobiota and Chlamydiota in the traditional molecular phylogeny view are considered as phyla and also cluster together in the PVC superphylum along with the candidate phyla Omnitrophica 12 previously OP3 and the Poribacteria 13 An important molecular marker in the form of a conserved signature protein has been found to be consistently shared by PVC members with the exception of Poribacteria The conserved signature protein may be a marker that represents a synapomorphic quality and a means to distinguish this bacterial group Recent studies have characterized this protein and it has been attributed to play an important housekeeping function in DNA RNA binding 14 This observation not only provides a means to demarcate the PVC superphylum but it supports strongly supports an evolutionary relationship shared by this clade that is distinct from other bacteria 15 16 Conserved signature indels CSIs have also been found specific for the Planctomycetota Verrucomicrobiota and Chlamydiota that distinguish each respective phylum from one another and from other bacteria 15 17 A three amino acid insert in the RNA polymerase protein RpoB has been found that is shared by all sequenced Verrucomicrobia Chlamydiae and Lentisphaerae species The CSI is absent from neighbouring Planctomycetes and Poribacteria suggesting common ancestry among the groups for which the CSI is specific 15 Additional lines of evidence for the existence of this clade have been found 18 19 These include the presence of membrane coat like proteins tubulin sterol synthesis and the presence of condensed DNA Notes editReferences edit Cavalier Smith T 1987 The origin of eukaryote and archaebacterial cells Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 503 1 17 54 Bibcode 1987NYASA 503 17C doi 10 1111 j 1749 6632 1987 tb40596 x PMID 3113314 S2CID 38405158 a b Wagner M Horn M 2006 The Planctomycetes Verrucomicrobia Chlamydiae and sister phyla comprise a superphylum with biotechnological and medical relevance Current Opinion in Biotechnology 17 3 241 249 doi 10 1016 j copbio 2006 05 005 PMID 16704931 Rivas Marin Elena Devos Damien P 1 June 2018 The Paradigms They Are a Changin past present and future of PVC bacteria research Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111 6 785 799 doi 10 1007 s10482 017 0962 z PMC 5945725 PMID 29058138 a b Cavalier Smith T 2002 The neomuran origin of archaebacteria the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52 Pt 1 7 76 doi 10 1099 00207713 52 1 7 PMID 11837318 Forterre Patrick January 2011 A new fusion hypothesis for the origin of Eukarya better than previous ones but probably also wrong Research in Microbiology 162 1 77 91 doi 10 1016 j resmic 2010 10 005 PMID 21034817 Baum David A Baum Buzz 28 October 2014 An inside out origin for the eukaryotic cell BMC Biology 12 1 76 doi 10 1186 s12915 014 0076 2 PMC 4210606 PMID 25350791 Krieg N R Ludwig W Whitman W B Hedlund B P Paster B J Staley J T Ward N Brown D Parte A November 24 2010 1984 Williams amp Wilkins George M Garrity ed The Bacteroidetes Spirochaetes Tenericutes Mollicutes Acidobacteria Fibrobacteres Fusobacteria Dictyoglomi Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Verrucomicrobia Chlamydiae and Planctomycetes Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol 4 2nd ed New York Springer p 908 ISBN 978 0 387 95042 6 British Library no GBA561951 Cavalier Smith T 2006 Rooting the tree of life by transition analyses Biol Direct 1 1 19 doi 10 1186 1745 6150 1 19 PMC 1586193 PMID 16834776 Rappe M S Giovannoni S J 2003 The Uncultured Microbial Majority Annual Review of Microbiology 57 369 394 doi 10 1146 annurev micro 57 030502 090759 PMID 14527284 Woese C R 1987 Bacterial evolution Microbiological Reviews 51 2 221 271 doi 10 1128 MMBR 51 2 221 271 1987 PMC 373105 PMID 2439888 Stefan Spring Boyke Bunk Cathrin Sproer Peter Schumann Manfred Rohde Brian J Tindall amp Hans Peter Klenk 2016 Characterization of the first cultured representative of Verrucomicrobia subdivision 5 indicates the proposal of a novel phylum Nature Taxonomy Candidatus Omnitrophica PHYLUM UniProt Wagner M Horn M 2006 The Planctomycetes Verrucomicrobia Chlamydiae and sister phyla comprise a superphylum with biotechnological and medical relevance Current Opinion in Biotechnology 17 3 241 249 doi 10 1016 j copbio 2006 05 005 PMID 16704931 Lagkouvardos I Jehl MA Rattei T Horn M 2014 Signature protein of the PVC superphylum Appl Environ Microbiol 80 2 440 445 Bibcode 2014ApEnM 80 440L doi 10 1128 AEM 02655 13 PMC 3911108 PMID 24185849 a b c Gupta RS Bhandari V Naushad HS 2012 Molecular Signatures for the PVC Clade Planctomycetes Verrucomicrobia Chlamydiae and Lentisphaerae of Bacteria Provide Insights into Their Evolutionary Relationships Front Microbiol 3 327 doi 10 3389 fmicb 2012 00327 PMC 3444138 PMID 23060863 Gupta RS 2016 Impact of genomics on the understanding of microbial evolution and classification the importance of Darwin s views on classification FEMS Microbiol Rev 40 4 520 53 doi 10 1093 femsre fuw011 PMID 27279642 Gupta RS Naushad S Chokshi C Griffiths E Adeolu M 2015 A phylogenomic and molecular markers based analysis of the phylum Chlamydiae proposal to divide the class Chlamydiia into two orders Chlamydiales and Parachlamydiales ord nov and emended description of the class Chlamydiia Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 108 3 765 781 doi 10 1007 s10482 015 0532 1 PMID 26179278 S2CID 17099157 Wagner M Horn M 2006 The Planctomycetes Verrucomicrobia Chlamydiae and sister phyla comprise a superphylum with biotechnological and medical relevance Curr Opin Biotechnol 17 3 241 9 doi 10 1016 j copbio 2006 05 005 PMID 16704931 Kamneva OK Liberles DA Ward NL 2010 Genome wide influence of indel Substitutions on evolution of bacteria of the PVC superphylum revealed using a novel computational method Genome Biol Evol 2 870 86 doi 10 1093 gbe evq071 PMC 3000692 PMID 21048002 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title PVC superphylum amp oldid 1194458962, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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