In algal anatomy, a pit connection is a hole in the septum between two algal cells, and is found only in the red algae[1] − specifically, all orders except the Porphyridiales and haploid Bangiales.[2] They are often stoppered with proteinaceous "pit plugs". By contrast, many fungi (only ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, as most other groups lack septa) contain septal pores − an unrelated phenomenon.[3]
A sieve-like membrane may cover the pit in living algae,[4] but in the majority of algae a plug forms, they likely limit the transfer of metabolites between neighbouring cells.[2][5]
Formationedit
Primary pit connections are formed between cells in the same filament, derived from the same parent cell by its division.[4] Such connections are always single, and usually circular;[4] this is a result of their method of formation. The septum is formed as the walls of a filament grow inwards, dividing the cell; this results in a hole in the middle of the tube where the walls don't quite merge.[2] Thus pit connections are visible in the youngest of septa, widening as the septum thickens, until in some cases they may ultimately occupy the entire septum.[4] Secondary connections, by contrast, occur between unrelated cells, and serve a role in transferring cell contents and nutrients.[2] They may even form between cells of different species, as in the parasite Holmsella.[6]
Referencesedit
^Clinton J. Dawes; Scott, Flora M.; Bowler, E. (1961), "A Light- and Electron-Microscopic Survey of Algal Cell Walls. I. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta", American Journal of Botany, 48 (10): 925–934, doi:10.2307/2439535, JSTOR 2439535.
^Ellis, T.T.; Reynolds, D.R.; Alexopoulos, C.J. (1973), "Hulle Cell Development in Emericella nidulans", Mycologia, 65 (5): 1028–1035, doi:10.2307/3758285, JSTOR 3758285.
^ abcdFritsch, F. E. (1945), The structure and reproduction of the algae, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN0521050421, OCLC 223742770
^Turner, C. H. C.; Evans, L. V. (1978), "Translocation of photoassimilated 14C in the red alga Polysiphonia lanosa" (PDF), European Journal of Phycology, 13 (1): 51–55, doi:10.1080/00071617800650061
^Wetherbee, R.; Quirk, H. M. (1982). "The fine structure of secondary pit connection formation between the red algal alloparasite Holmsella australis and its red algal host Gracilaria furcellata". Protoplasma. 110 (3): 166–176. doi:10.1007/BF01283319. S2CID 21177509.
External linksedit
Transverse SEM images of pit connections in the coralline Synarthrophyton can be seen in Figs. 54 & 60 in Keats, D. W; Chamberlain, Y. M (1997), "The non-geniculate coralline algae Synarthrophyton eckloniae (Foslie) comb. nov. and S. magellanicum (Foslie) comb. nov. (Rhodophyta) in South Africa including comparison with relevant types", European Journal of Phycology, 32 (1): 55–79, doi:10.1080/09541449710001719375
(Lower quality) transverse SEM images of pit connections in the coralline Phymatolithon are available on page 138 at Johnson, C.; Mann, K. (1986). "The crustose coralline alga, Phymatolithon Foslie, inhibits the overgrowth of seaweeds without relying on herbivores". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 96 (2): 127–146. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(86)90238-8..
February 15, 2024
connection, algal, anatomy, connection, hole, septum, between, algal, cells, found, only, algae, specifically, orders, except, porphyridiales, haploid, bangiales, they, often, stoppered, with, proteinaceous, plugs, contrast, many, fungi, only, ascomycetes, bas. In algal anatomy a pit connection is a hole in the septum between two algal cells and is found only in the red algae 1 specifically all orders except the Porphyridiales and haploid Bangiales 2 They are often stoppered with proteinaceous pit plugs By contrast many fungi only ascomycetes and basidiomycetes as most other groups lack septa contain septal pores an unrelated phenomenon 3 Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Formation 3 References 4 External linksCharacteristics editA sieve like membrane may cover the pit in living algae 4 but in the majority of algae a plug forms they likely limit the transfer of metabolites between neighbouring cells 2 5 Formation editPrimary pit connections are formed between cells in the same filament derived from the same parent cell by its division 4 Such connections are always single and usually circular 4 this is a result of their method of formation The septum is formed as the walls of a filament grow inwards dividing the cell this results in a hole in the middle of the tube where the walls don t quite merge 2 Thus pit connections are visible in the youngest of septa widening as the septum thickens until in some cases they may ultimately occupy the entire septum 4 Secondary connections by contrast occur between unrelated cells and serve a role in transferring cell contents and nutrients 2 They may even form between cells of different species as in the parasite Holmsella 6 References edit Clinton J Dawes Scott Flora M Bowler E 1961 A Light and Electron Microscopic Survey of Algal Cell Walls I Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta American Journal of Botany 48 10 925 934 doi 10 2307 2439535 JSTOR 2439535 a b c d lee R E 2008 Phycology 4th edition Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 63883 8 Ellis T T Reynolds D R Alexopoulos C J 1973 Hulle Cell Development inEmericella nidulans Mycologia 65 5 1028 1035 doi 10 2307 3758285 JSTOR 3758285 a b c d Fritsch F E 1945 The structure and reproduction of the algae Cambridge Cambridge Univ Press ISBN 0521050421 OCLC 223742770 Turner C H C Evans L V 1978 Translocation of photoassimilated 14C in the red alga Polysiphonia lanosa PDF European Journal of Phycology 13 1 51 55 doi 10 1080 00071617800650061 Wetherbee R Quirk H M 1982 The fine structure of secondary pit connection formation between the red algal alloparasite Holmsella australis and its red algal host Gracilaria furcellata Protoplasma 110 3 166 176 doi 10 1007 BF01283319 S2CID 21177509 External links editTransverse SEM images of pit connections in the coralline Synarthrophyton can be seen in Figs 54 amp 60 in Keats D W Chamberlain Y M 1997 The non geniculate coralline algae Synarthrophyton eckloniae Foslie comb nov and S magellanicum Foslie comb nov Rhodophyta in South Africa including comparison with relevant types European Journal of Phycology 32 1 55 79 doi 10 1080 09541449710001719375 Lower quality transverse SEM images of pit connections in the coralline Phymatolithon are available on page 138 at Johnson C Mann K 1986 The crustose coralline alga Phymatolithon Foslie inhibits the overgrowth of seaweeds without relying on herbivores Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 96 2 127 146 doi 10 1016 0022 0981 86 90238 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pit connection amp oldid 1169948342, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
