Pin weaving is a form of small-scale weaving traditionally done on a frame made of pins; the warp and weft are wrapped around the pins. Pin-woven textiles have a selvage edge all the way around.[1]
Finished pin-woven squares, with four selvages
Pin looms were popular from the 1930s to the 1960s.[1] Quite elaborate patterns were published, especially in the 1930s.[2]
21st-century designs often focus more on the fiber than on elaborate patterning;[2] for instance, yarns with precisely repeating colours can be used to make plaids.[3]
The equipment needed is minimal, consisting of pins, a pinnable board, and a bodkin needle.[4] It can also be done on some types of knitting frame.[5] There are also commercial looms made for pin weaving. Smooth, rounded pin tops are desirable; they don't snag the yarn or fingers.[1] Pins are usually spaced ¼ to ⅛ of an inch apart (3-7 millimeters apart).[2] The pins may be numbered (with numbers written beside the pins), and the lower-left corner may be marked, for ease of reference when working patterns.[6] Ideally, the background should contrast with the threads.[7]
Weaving by wrapping the warp and weft threads between pins stuck into a pinnable surface (in this case, cork; foamcore is also used.[8]).
Pin weaving on a mass-produced pin loom
Weavesedit
For plain tabby weaves, only every other thread in one direction (a quarter of the yarns) is inserted over-and-under with a needle. The others are wrapped in layers; first the odd warps, then the odd counterwarps (at 90 degrees to the warp threads), then the even warp threads. The counterwarps thus pass alternately over and under the warps, but they do it in parallel, passing over and under in unison. A weft thread is woven between each pair of counterwarps, passing under where the flanking counterwarps pass over, and vice-versa.
This timesaving method cannot be used for more complex weaves, such as twills. For these, the odd warps are warped, then the even warps are warped (giving the edge loops), and then the weft is woven with the needle. There is no counterwarp.
1. Odd warps are warped 2. Odd counterwarps are warped, at right angles to the warps 3. Even warps are warped 4. Weft is woven, filling in the spaces between the counterwarps
Partway through stage four of a tabby weave, on a commercial loom.
Weaving a twill; no counter-warp.
Weaving a patterned twill. Note that an even pin spacing gives an uneven yarn spacing; pins clustered in threes produce an even yarn spacing.
Cotton-and-silk weft-faced tapestry on pins in cork sheet; the complexity of the weft means it has to be woven manually
Joining and edgingedit
Pin-woven textiles are small, and are often stitched together into larger textiles; the finished product has visible seams. Joining methods including whip stitch, cross stitch, running stitch, back stitch; overcast stitch is fast but tends to pucker. In crochet, crocheted slip stitch and single crochet are used, as are knitted 3-needle bind-offs.[9]
Two joining methods, termed "lacy stitch" and "cross stitch"
Woven patterns on the cover of a 1937 pattern-book
Coat from a 1938 patternbook. Seams between squares can be seen. Note rectangular garment construction, with underarm gussets made from squares folded on the diagonal, and tarikubi collar.
Textured-weave baby blanket from the same pattern book. Seams between squares are used decoratively.
A shoulder-buttoned sweater, made with full-sized and quartered-sized squares (1936 pattern). Knit waist and cuffs.
Pattern for the sweater in the previous image, showing rectangular construction.
Some commercial looms have bars used to make fractional-sized squares.
Eased horizontal seams in a pattern for an evening cape, 1937.
Cutting curved pattern-pieces
Many sewing patterns designed for pinweaving use rectangular construction, with all seams lying on selvage edges. This eliminates waste. Others use non-rectangular construction, cutting curve-edged pattern pieces out of a piece of cloth formed by sewing together the squares. Garments can be cut on the bias or on the grain with similar amounts of waste.
Seams joing the squares may be eased; that is, there are more squares on one side of the join than on the other. The extra length is distributed evenly along the seam, creating fullness without discrete pleats.
Similar methodsedit
Darning loom with a shedding mechanism.
Darning looms are similar to pin weaving, but instead of being wrapped around pins, three of the selvages are stitched into the cloth being repaired. The fourth is wrapped around a revolving-hood mechanism which, when rotated, forms a shed and countershed, making plain tabby weaves much faster. When finished, the hooks are removed, and the fourth selvage is usually stitched to the cloth.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pin weaving.
Publicationsedit
Early twentieth-centuryedit
Original Loomette Weaves, Revised edition with improved joining method described, by Loomette Studios. Public-domain fulltext.
The Loomette Handbook; New weaves, vogues, and suggestions, by Loomette Studios. Public-domain fulltext.
See Commons:Category:Pin-weaving publications for more public-domain books
See also eLoomaNation for more free fulltexts
21st-centuryedit
Stump, Margaret (2002). Weavies One. PO Box 255, Buffalo Lake, Minnesota, 55314, self-published.
Spencer, Hazel (2003). Weaving On Hazel Rose Looms. Rt. 2, Box 4792, Trinity Center, California, 96091, self-published.
Matthiessen, Barbara (2008). Small loom & freeform weaving : five ways to weave. Minneapolis, MN: Creative Pub. International. p. 128. ISBN978-1-58923-361-4.
Trent, Jana (2009-06-11). "Triangle or Rectangle? [shawl pattern]". www.weavezine.com.
Stump, Margaret (2014). Pin loom weaving : 40 projects for tiny hand looms (First ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN9780811712484.
weaving, form, small, scale, weaving, traditionally, done, frame, made, pins, warp, weft, wrapped, around, pins, woven, textiles, have, selvage, edge, around, finished, woven, squares, with, four, selvagespin, looms, were, popular, from, 1930s, 1960s, quite, e. Pin weaving is a form of small scale weaving traditionally done on a frame made of pins the warp and weft are wrapped around the pins Pin woven textiles have a selvage edge all the way around 1 Finished pin woven squares with four selvagesPin looms were popular from the 1930s to the 1960s 1 Quite elaborate patterns were published especially in the 1930s 2 21st century designs often focus more on the fiber than on elaborate patterning 2 for instance yarns with precisely repeating colours can be used to make plaids 3 Contents 1 Equipment 2 Weaves 3 Joining and edging 4 Patterns 5 Similar methods 6 Publications 6 1 Early twentieth century 6 2 21st century 7 ReferencesEquipment editThe equipment needed is minimal consisting of pins a pinnable board and a bodkin needle 4 It can also be done on some types of knitting frame 5 There are also commercial looms made for pin weaving Smooth rounded pin tops are desirable they don t snag the yarn or fingers 1 Pins are usually spaced to of an inch apart 3 7 millimeters apart 2 The pins may be numbered with numbers written beside the pins and the lower left corner may be marked for ease of reference when working patterns 6 Ideally the background should contrast with the threads 7 nbsp Weaving by wrapping the warp and weft threads between pins stuck into a pinnable surface in this case cork foamcore is also used 8 nbsp Pin weaving on a mass produced pin loomWeaves editFor plain tabby weaves only every other thread in one direction a quarter of the yarns is inserted over and under with a needle The others are wrapped in layers first the odd warps then the odd counterwarps at 90 degrees to the warp threads then the even warp threads The counterwarps thus pass alternately over and under the warps but they do it in parallel passing over and under in unison A weft thread is woven between each pair of counterwarps passing under where the flanking counterwarps pass over and vice versa This timesaving method cannot be used for more complex weaves such as twills For these the odd warps are warped then the even warps are warped giving the edge loops and then the weft is woven with the needle There is no counterwarp nbsp 1 Odd warps are warped2 Odd counterwarps are warped at right angles to the warps3 Even warps are warped4 Weft is woven filling in the spaces between the counterwarps nbsp Partway through stage four of a tabby weave on a commercial loom nbsp Weaving a twill no counter warp nbsp Weaving a patterned twill Note that an even pin spacing gives an uneven yarn spacing pins clustered in threes produce an even yarn spacing nbsp Cotton and silk weft faced tapestry on pins in cork sheet the complexity of the weft means it has to be woven manuallyJoining and edging editPin woven textiles are small and are often stitched together into larger textiles the finished product has visible seams Joining methods including whip stitch cross stitch running stitch back stitch overcast stitch is fast but tends to pucker In crochet crocheted slip stitch and single crochet are used as are knitted 3 needle bind offs 9 nbsp Two joining methods termed lacy stitch and cross stitch nbsp Decorative joining methods overcast stitch featherstitches and an overcast stitch with an extra turn nbsp An overcast stitch join tends to pucker nbsp A manual lockstich to create a smoother seam nbsp Squares with crochet borders nbsp Sweater pattern with waist and cuffs of ribbed knitting and crochet edged collar Patterns edit nbsp Woven patterns on the cover of a 1937 pattern book nbsp Coat from a 1938 patternbook Seams between squares can be seen Note rectangular garment construction with underarm gussets made from squares folded on the diagonal and tarikubi collar nbsp Textured weave baby blanket from the same pattern book Seams between squares are used decoratively nbsp A shoulder buttoned sweater made with full sized and quartered sized squares 1936 pattern Knit waist and cuffs nbsp Pattern for the sweater in the previous image showing rectangular construction nbsp Some commercial looms have bars used to make fractional sized squares nbsp Eased horizontal seams in a pattern for an evening cape 1937 nbsp Cutting curved pattern piecesMany sewing patterns designed for pinweaving use rectangular construction with all seams lying on selvage edges This eliminates waste Others use non rectangular construction cutting curve edged pattern pieces out of a piece of cloth formed by sewing together the squares Garments can be cut on the bias or on the grain with similar amounts of waste Seams joing the squares may be eased that is there are more squares on one side of the join than on the other The extra length is distributed evenly along the seam creating fullness without discrete pleats Similar methods edit nbsp Darning loom with a shedding mechanism Darning looms are similar to pin weaving but instead of being wrapped around pins three of the selvages are stitched into the cloth being repaired The fourth is wrapped around a revolving hood mechanism which when rotated forms a shed and countershed making plain tabby weaves much faster When finished the hooks are removed and the fourth selvage is usually stitched to the cloth nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pin weaving Publications editEarly twentieth century edit Original Loomette Weaves Revised edition with improved joining method described by Loomette Studios Public domain fulltext The Loomette Handbook New weaves vogues and suggestions by Loomette Studios Public domain fulltext See Commons Category Pin weaving publications for more public domain books See also eLoomaNation for more free fulltexts21st century edit Stump Margaret 2002 Weavies One PO Box 255 Buffalo Lake Minnesota 55314 self published Spencer Hazel 2003 Weaving On Hazel Rose Looms Rt 2 Box 4792 Trinity Center California 96091 self published Spencer Hazel 2003 Quilt Weaver Looms Rt 2 Box 4792 Trinity Center California 96091 self published Matthiessen Barbara 2008 Small loom amp freeform weaving five ways to weave Minneapolis MN Creative Pub International p 128 ISBN 978 1 58923 361 4 Trent Jana 2009 06 11 Triangle or Rectangle shawl pattern www weavezine com Stump Margaret 2014 Pin loom weaving 40 projects for tiny hand looms First ed Mechanicsburg PA Stackpole Books ISBN 9780811712484 Correa Florencia Campos 2015 100 pin loom squares First U S ed New York ISBN 9781250059093 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Stump Margaret 2017 Pin loom weaving to go 30 projects for portable weaving First ed Guilford Connecticut Stackpole Books ISBN 9780811716130 Stump Margaret 2019 Adorable beasts 30 pin loom animals 4 playscapes Lanham MD Stackpole Books ISBN 9780811737753 References edit a b c Stump Margret Pin loom info a b c Trent Jana Fiber eLoomaNation 4 8 pins per inch 3 6 pins every two centimeters 4 8 per inch 1 6 3 1 cm Trent Jana Weaving eLoomaNation LeftFootDaisy 7 November 2018 Pin Weaving in September Handweavers Guild of Cork Retrieved 8 January 2023 Stump Margret Weaving on a Knitting Loom Pin loom weaving Retrieved 8 January 2023 Trent Jana 2009 06 11 Triangle or Rectangle shawl pattern www weavezine com Trent Jana Tips and tricks eLoomaNation Trent Jana FAQ eLoomaNation Trent Jana Assembly eLoomaNation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pin weaving amp oldid 1180893883, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
