Phrynophiurida
The Phrynophiurida (formerly called Euryalae) are an order of brittle stars containing the basket stars.
| Phrynophiurida | |
|---|---|
| Gorgonocephalidae sp. (a basket star) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Ophiuroidea |
| Order: | Phrynophiurida |
| Suborders | |
| Euryalina | |
Characteristics edit
Phrynophiurida have bursae for gas exchange and excretion. Their ventral arm shields are rudimentary, and dorsal shields usually absent. Arms sometimes are branched, and can coil vertically. The vertebrae are joined by hourglass-shaped surfaces. The madreporite is on the oral surface. Digestive glands are confined to central disc.[1] The integument is leathery, bearing calcareous granules or platelets. They generally live in deep-sea waters, coiling their arms on branched black coral.
Systematics edit
The Asteronychidae have a large disk and slender arms, and the Asteroschematidae have a small disk and stout arms.
One remaining family, the Ophiomyxidae, differs in having a soft, unprotected integument, like that of Ophiocanops, but lacks the peculiar features of the gut and gonads in oegophiurids.
Phrynophiurida are divided into the following suborders and families:[2]
- Euryalina
- Ophiomyxina
The inclusion of Ophiocanopidae is supported by some modern studies,[3] but not yet generally accepted.[4]
References edit
- ^ R.C. Brusca, G.J. Brusca. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, 2 ed.(2003)
- ^ "Phrynophiurida". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ Pearse,V.B. et al.,(1998) An accessible population of Ophiocanops off NE Sulawesi,Indonesia. In: Mooi, R. & Telford, M. (Eds.) Echinoderms: San Francisco. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 413–418
- ^ "Ophiocanopidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.