Before it seized power, the Slovak People's Party (HSĽS) was known for its anti-Czech rhetoric.[1] Many HSĽS politicians believed that Czech language and culture threatened Slovak identity, and disliked Czech liberalism as much as they had disliked Hungarian liberalism.[2] Tensions were exacerbated by the increase in the number of Czechs living in the country, from 7,468 before the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918 to 93,143 in 1938. Excluding the military, 21,541 Czechs worked for the government and an additional 36,000 in private employment.[3] They had been brought in due to the lack of native intelligentsia in Slovakia at the time, but gradually became viewed as unwelcome competition.[4]
From when HSĽS declared its autonomy in 1938 and established an authoritarian regime, the party denounced Czechs as "enemies and pests" of the nation along with the Jews.[5] Some of the anti-Czech slogans were: "Slovensko Slovákom" (Slovakia for the Slovaks), "Von s Čechmi" (Out with the Czechs), "Česi peši do Prahy" (Czechs go back to Prague), and "Česi peši do Prahy a to hneď" (Czechs go back to Prague right away). Anti-Czech attacks by the Hlinka Guard were so severe that the government interfered in order to preserve Slovakia's international reputation.[4] Initially the HSĽS government debated as to whether all Czechs or just government employees should be expelled from the country. Persecution of the Czechs was also supported by other Slovak parties, including the Slovak National Party and the Agrarian Party. On 10 December 1938, the autonomous Slovak government signed an agreement with the Czechoslovak government for the transfer of 9,000 Czech civil servants—mostly those without a permanent contract—out of Slovakia.[5]
After the independence of Slovakia in March 1939, the government ignored the agreement and fired all Czech civil servants, except those deemed indispensable. Regulation 4003/1939 ordered the creation of a list of "Communists, Marxists, and Czechs" in the new country.[4] Czechs suffered physical attacks and discrimination; many were fired from civil service.[6] According to different estimates, 50,000 left Slovakia,[6] or 60,000 were deported.[1] In many cases, local Hlinka Guard units deported Czechs to the border out of their own initiative and robbed them.[4] Due to the government's effort to secure an ethnic Slovak majority in the capital, the number of Czechs in Bratislava decreased by 16,000 between the censuses of December 1938 and December 1940, either due to emigration or manipulation.[7] Persecution worsened after the Slovak National Uprising because Czechs were perceived as sympathetic to the partisans. The discrimination led to protests by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile.[8]
Fatran, Gila (1996). "Die Deportation der Juden aus der Slowakei 1944–1945" [The deportation of the Jews from Slovakia 1944–45]. Bohemia: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der Böhmischen Länder (in German) (37): 98–119. ISSN 0523-8587.
Fiamová, Martina; Lônčíková, Michala (2019). "Autonómia Slovenska 1938 – 1939: Počiatočná fáza holokaustu a perzekúcií (Úvod)" [Slovak Autonomy 1938 – 1939: The Initial Phase of the Holocaust and Persecution (Introduction)]. Forum Historiae (in Slovak). 13 (1): 1–6. doi:10.31577/forhist.2019.13.1.1.
Háka, Antonín (13 May 2013). "Vyhánění Čechů ze Slovenska" [Expulsion of Czechs from Slovakia]. iDNES.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 3 February 2020.
Lorman, Thomas (2019). The Making of the Slovak People's Party: Religion, Nationalism and the Culture War in Early 20th-Century Europe. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN978-1-350-10938-4.
Ward, James Mace (2015). "The 1938 First Vienna Award and the Holocaust in Slovakia". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 29 (1): 76–108. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcv004. ISSN 8756-6583.
Further readingedit
Rychlík, Jan (1989). "K otázke postavenia českého obyvatel'stva na Slovensku v rokoch 1938–1945". Historický časopis. 37 (3): 403–24.
January 01, 1970
persecution, czechs, slovak, state, persecution, czechs, occurred, throughout, existence, slovak, state, 1939, 1945, contents, history, references, citations, sources, further, readinghistory, editbefore, seized, power, slovak, people, party, hsĽs, known, anti. Persecution of Czechs occurred throughout the existence of the Slovak State 1939 1945 Contents 1 History 2 References 2 1 Citations 2 2 Sources 3 Further readingHistory editBefore it seized power the Slovak People s Party HSĽS was known for its anti Czech rhetoric 1 Many HSĽS politicians believed that Czech language and culture threatened Slovak identity and disliked Czech liberalism as much as they had disliked Hungarian liberalism 2 Tensions were exacerbated by the increase in the number of Czechs living in the country from 7 468 before the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918 to 93 143 in 1938 Excluding the military 21 541 Czechs worked for the government and an additional 36 000 in private employment 3 They had been brought in due to the lack of native intelligentsia in Slovakia at the time but gradually became viewed as unwelcome competition 4 From when HSĽS declared its autonomy in 1938 and established an authoritarian regime the party denounced Czechs as enemies and pests of the nation along with the Jews 5 Some of the anti Czech slogans were Slovensko Slovakom Slovakia for the Slovaks Von s Cechmi Out with the Czechs Cesi pesi do Prahy Czechs go back to Prague and Cesi pesi do Prahy a to hned Czechs go back to Prague right away Anti Czech attacks by the Hlinka Guard were so severe that the government interfered in order to preserve Slovakia s international reputation 4 Initially the HSĽS government debated as to whether all Czechs or just government employees should be expelled from the country Persecution of the Czechs was also supported by other Slovak parties including the Slovak National Party and the Agrarian Party On 10 December 1938 the autonomous Slovak government signed an agreement with the Czechoslovak government for the transfer of 9 000 Czech civil servants mostly those without a permanent contract out of Slovakia 5 After the independence of Slovakia in March 1939 the government ignored the agreement and fired all Czech civil servants except those deemed indispensable Regulation 4003 1939 ordered the creation of a list of Communists Marxists and Czechs in the new country 4 Czechs suffered physical attacks and discrimination many were fired from civil service 6 According to different estimates 50 000 left Slovakia 6 or 60 000 were deported 1 In many cases local Hlinka Guard units deported Czechs to the border out of their own initiative and robbed them 4 Due to the government s effort to secure an ethnic Slovak majority in the capital the number of Czechs in Bratislava decreased by 16 000 between the censuses of December 1938 and December 1940 either due to emigration or manipulation 7 Persecution worsened after the Slovak National Uprising because Czechs were perceived as sympathetic to the partisans The discrimination led to protests by the Czechoslovak government in exile 8 References editCitations edit a b Ward 2015 p 96 Lorman 2019 pp 166 173 Fiamova amp Loncikova 2019 pp 3 4 a b c d Haka 2013 a b Fiamova amp Loncikova 2019 p 3 a b Hutzelmann 2018 p 20 Ward 2015 p 95 Fatran 1996 pp 110 112 Sources edit Fatran Gila 1996 Die Deportation der Juden aus der Slowakei 1944 1945 The deportation of the Jews from Slovakia 1944 45 Bohemia Zeitschrift fur Geschichte und Kultur der Bohmischen Lander in German 37 98 119 ISSN 0523 8587 Fiamova Martina Loncikova Michala 2019 Autonomia Slovenska 1938 1939 Pociatocna faza holokaustu a perzekucii Uvod Slovak Autonomy 1938 1939 The Initial Phase of the Holocaust and Persecution Introduction Forum Historiae in Slovak 13 1 1 6 doi 10 31577 forhist 2019 13 1 1 Haka Antonin 13 May 2013 Vyhaneni Cechu ze Slovenska Expulsion of Czechs from Slovakia iDNES cz in Czech Retrieved 3 February 2020 Hutzelmann Barbara 2018 Einfuhrung Slowakei Introduction Slovakia In Hutzelmann Barbara Hausleitner Mariana Hazan Souzana eds Slowakei Rumanien und Bulgarien Slovakia Romania and Bulgaria Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europaischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933 1945 de The Persecution and Murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany 1933 1945 in German Vol 13 Munich Institut fur Zeitgeschichte pp 18 45 ISBN 978 3 11 036500 9 Lorman Thomas 2019 The Making of the Slovak People s Party Religion Nationalism and the Culture War in Early 20th Century Europe London Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1 350 10938 4 Ward James Mace 2015 The 1938 First Vienna Award and the Holocaust in Slovakia Holocaust and Genocide Studies 29 1 76 108 doi 10 1093 hgs dcv004 ISSN 8756 6583 Further reading editRychlik Jan 1989 K otazke postavenia ceskeho obyvatel stva na Slovensku v rokoch 1938 1945 Historicky casopis 37 3 403 24 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Persecution of Czechs in the Slovak State amp oldid 1209255964, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
