A hammer drill, also known as a percussion drill or impact drill, is a power tool used chiefly for drilling in hard materials.[1][2] It is a type of rotary drill with an impact mechanism that generates a hammering motion. The percussive mechanism provides a rapid succession of short hammer thrusts to pulverize the material to be bored, so as to provide quicker drilling with less effort. If a hammer drill's impact mechanism can be switched off, the tool can be used like a conventional drill to also perform tasks such as screwdriving.
A corded hammer drill next to a drill bit and a chuck key
Hammer drills have a cam-action or percussion hammering mechanism, in which two sets of toothed gears mechanically interact with each other to hammer while rotating the drill bit. With cam-action drills, the chuck has a mechanism whereby the entire chuck and bit move forward and backward on the axis of rotation.
This type of drill is often used with or without the hammer action, but it is not possible to use the hammer action alone as it is the rotation over the cams which causes the hammer motion. A hammer drill has a specially designed clutch that allows it to not only spin the drill bit, but also to punch it in and out (along the axis of the bit).
The actual distance the bit travels in and out and the force of its blow are both very small, and the hammering action is very rapid—thousands of "BPM" (blows per minute)[3] or "IPM" (impacts per minute). Although each blow is of relatively low force, these thousands of blows per minute are more than adequate to break up concrete or brick, using the masonry drill bit's carbide wedge to pulverize it for the spiral flutes to whisk away.
For this reason, a hammer drill drills much faster than a regular drill through concrete, brick, and thick lumber. In standardized drilling speed tests, the most effective hammer drills improve drilling speeds by upwards of 30% compared to completing the same task with the hammer mode disabled.[4] Hammer drills are increasingly powered by cordless technology.
Useedit
Holes in hard materials are needed for anchor bolts, concrete screws and wall plugs. Hammer drills are not typically used for production construction drilling, but rather for occasional drilling of holes into concrete, masonry or stone. They are also used to drill holes in concrete footings to pin concrete wall forms and to drill holes in concrete floors to pin wall framing. SDS rotary drills are more commonly used as dedicated masonry drilling tools in construction.
Hammer drills almost always have a lever or switch that locks off the special "hammer clutch," turning the tool into a conventional drill for wood or metal work. Hammer drills are more expensive and more bulky than regular drills, but are preferable for applications where the material to be drilled—concrete block or wood studs—is unknown. For example, an electrician mounting an electrical box to a wall would be able to use the same hammer drill to drill into either wood studs (hammer disabled) or masonry walls (hammer enabled).
Historyedit
Ancient China's principal drilling technique,[5] percussive drilling, was invented during the Han dynasty. The process involved two to six men jumping on a lever at rhythmic intervals to raise a heavy iron bit attached to long bamboo cables from a bamboo derrick.[6][7][8] Utilizing cast iron bits[9] and tools constructed of bamboo, the early Chinese were able to use percussion drilling to drill holes to a depth of 3,000 ft (910 m). The construction of large wells took more than two to three generations of workers to complete.[10] The cable tool drilling machines developed by the early Chinese involved raising and dropping a heavy string of drilling tools to crush through rocks into diminutive fragments.[11] In addition, the Chinese also used a cutting head secured to bamboo rods to drill to depths of 915 m (3,002 ft).[12] The raising and dropping of the bamboo drill strings allowed the drilling machine to penetrate less dense and unconsolidated rock formations.[13]
The origin of the first hammer drill is a matter of contention. German company Fein patented a Bohrmaschine mit elektro-pneumatischem Schlagwerk ("drill with electro-pneumatic striking mechanism") in 1914. German company Bosch produced the first "Bosch-Hammer" around 1932 in mass production. The US company Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation states that in 1935, it was selling a lightweight 1⁄4 in (6.4 mm) electric hammer drill (cam-action).[14]
Hand-cranked percussion drills were made in the UK in the mid-twentieth century.[15]
^. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
^. DIY Knowledge. Archived from the original on September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
^"Cordless Hammer Driver Drill XPH11 Instruction Manual" (PDF). Makita. p. 2. (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018. Blows per minute. High (2): 0 - 25,500 /min; Low: 0 - 7,500 /min
^Smil, Vaclav (2006). Transforming the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations and Their Consequences. Oxford University Press (published April 4, 2006). ISBN978-0195168754.
^Smil, Vaclav (2010). Why America Is Not a New Rome. The MIT Press. pp. 96. ISBN978-0262195935.
^Weissenbacher, Manfred (2009). Sources of Power: How Energy Forges Human History by Manfred Weissenbacher. Praeger. p. 362.
^Han, Gang; Dusseault, Maurice B.; Detournay, Emmanuel; Thomson, Bradley J.; Zacny, Kris (2009). "2". (PDF). Wiley (published August 31, 2009). p. 60. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2019.
^"History of Milwaukee". Milwaukee Tool. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
^"Hammer drill hand powered drill working example 70 yrs old!". YouTube.
External linksedit
NIOSH Sound Power and Vibrations Database 2016-06-30 at the Wayback Machine
New York City Quiet Vendor Guidelines 2010-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
March 16, 2024
hammer, drill, hammer, drill, also, known, percussion, drill, impact, drill, power, tool, used, chiefly, drilling, hard, materials, type, rotary, drill, with, impact, mechanism, that, generates, hammering, motion, percussive, mechanism, provides, rapid, succes. A hammer drill also known as a percussion drill or impact drill is a power tool used chiefly for drilling in hard materials 1 2 It is a type of rotary drill with an impact mechanism that generates a hammering motion The percussive mechanism provides a rapid succession of short hammer thrusts to pulverize the material to be bored so as to provide quicker drilling with less effort If a hammer drill s impact mechanism can be switched off the tool can be used like a conventional drill to also perform tasks such as screwdriving A corded hammer drill next to a drill bit and a chuck key Contents 1 Function 2 Use 3 History 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksFunction editHammer drills have a cam action or percussion hammering mechanism in which two sets of toothed gears mechanically interact with each other to hammer while rotating the drill bit With cam action drills the chuck has a mechanism whereby the entire chuck and bit move forward and backward on the axis of rotation This type of drill is often used with or without the hammer action but it is not possible to use the hammer action alone as it is the rotation over the cams which causes the hammer motion A hammer drill has a specially designed clutch that allows it to not only spin the drill bit but also to punch it in and out along the axis of the bit The actual distance the bit travels in and out and the force of its blow are both very small and the hammering action is very rapid thousands of BPM blows per minute 3 or IPM impacts per minute Although each blow is of relatively low force these thousands of blows per minute are more than adequate to break up concrete or brick using the masonry drill bit s carbide wedge to pulverize it for the spiral flutes to whisk away For this reason a hammer drill drills much faster than a regular drill through concrete brick and thick lumber In standardized drilling speed tests the most effective hammer drills improve drilling speeds by upwards of 30 compared to completing the same task with the hammer mode disabled 4 Hammer drills are increasingly powered by cordless technology Use editHoles in hard materials are needed for anchor bolts concrete screws and wall plugs Hammer drills are not typically used for production construction drilling but rather for occasional drilling of holes into concrete masonry or stone They are also used to drill holes in concrete footings to pin concrete wall forms and to drill holes in concrete floors to pin wall framing SDS rotary drills are more commonly used as dedicated masonry drilling tools in construction Hammer drills almost always have a lever or switch that locks off the special hammer clutch turning the tool into a conventional drill for wood or metal work Hammer drills are more expensive and more bulky than regular drills but are preferable for applications where the material to be drilled concrete block or wood studs is unknown For example an electrician mounting an electrical box to a wall would be able to use the same hammer drill to drill into either wood studs hammer disabled or masonry walls hammer enabled History editAncient China s principal drilling technique 5 percussive drilling was invented during the Han dynasty The process involved two to six men jumping on a lever at rhythmic intervals to raise a heavy iron bit attached to long bamboo cables from a bamboo derrick 6 7 8 Utilizing cast iron bits 9 and tools constructed of bamboo the early Chinese were able to use percussion drilling to drill holes to a depth of 3 000 ft 910 m The construction of large wells took more than two to three generations of workers to complete 10 The cable tool drilling machines developed by the early Chinese involved raising and dropping a heavy string of drilling tools to crush through rocks into diminutive fragments 11 In addition the Chinese also used a cutting head secured to bamboo rods to drill to depths of 915 m 3 002 ft 12 The raising and dropping of the bamboo drill strings allowed the drilling machine to penetrate less dense and unconsolidated rock formations 13 The origin of the first hammer drill is a matter of contention German company Fein patented a Bohrmaschine mit elektro pneumatischem Schlagwerk drill with electro pneumatic striking mechanism in 1914 German company Bosch produced the first Bosch Hammer around 1932 in mass production The US company Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation states that in 1935 it was selling a lightweight 1 4 in 6 4 mm electric hammer drill cam action 14 Hand cranked percussion drills were made in the UK in the mid twentieth century 15 See also editDrill Rotary hammer Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover which uses a hammer drill to excavate ice bearing regolithReferences edit Definition of percussion drill in English Oxford Dictionaries Oxford University Press Archived from the original on September 8 2018 Retrieved September 8 2018 Impact drill DIY Knowledge Archived from the original on September 8 2018 Retrieved September 8 2018 Cordless Hammer Driver Drill XPH11 Instruction Manual PDF Makita p 2 Archived PDF from the original on 15 April 2018 Retrieved 15 April 2018 Blows per minute High 2 0 25 500 min Low 0 7 500 min Drills Drilling Speed Test Results DIY Gear Reviews 2023 10 03 Retrieved 2023 10 23 Akku Schlagbohrschrauber Smil Vaclav 2006 Transforming the Twentieth Century Technical Innovations and Their Consequences Oxford University Press published April 4 2006 ISBN 978 0195168754 Smil Vaclav 2010 Why America Is Not a New Rome The MIT Press pp 96 ISBN 978 0262195935 Weissenbacher Manfred 2009 Sources of Power How Energy Forges Human History by Manfred Weissenbacher Praeger p 362 Iron in China Han Gang Dusseault Maurice B Detournay Emmanuel Thomson Bradley J Zacny Kris 2009 2 Principles of Drilling and Excavation PDF Wiley published August 31 2009 p 60 Archived from the original PDF on July 13 2019 Cable Tool Drilling Seismic Water Finder Manning John C 1996 Applied Principles of Hydrology Prentice Hall p 250 ISBN 978 0135655320 Cable Tool Drilling Seismic Water Finder History of Milwaukee Milwaukee Tool Retrieved 17 February 2014 Hammer drill hand powered drill working example 70 yrs old YouTube External links editNIOSH Sound Power and Vibrations Database Archived 2016 06 30 at the Wayback Machine New York City Quiet Vendor Guidelines Archived 2010 06 02 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hammer drill amp oldid 1211418054, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
