Pentarchy of 1933, formally known as the Executive Commission of the Provisional Government of Cuba, was a coalition that ruled Cuba from September 5 to September 10, 1933 after Gerardo Machado was deposed on August 12, 1933. Prior to the Pentarchy, General Alberto Herrera (August 12–13, 1933) and Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada (August 13 - September 5, 1933) served as President of Cuba.
Pentarchy of 1933
José M. Irisari, Porfirio Franca, Guillermo Portela, Ramon Grau, and Sergio Carbó “The Pentarchy” with Fulgencio Batista taken in 1933
Executive Commission of the Provisional Government of Cuba
José Miguel Irisarri y Gamio (1895–1968), an attorney
Guillermo Portela y Möller (1886–1958), faculty member at the University of Havana School of Law
The first thing the Pentarchy did was to draft a proclamation which was written by Sergio Carbó and signed by eighteen civilians and one military man, Fulgencio Batista. That proclamation was published in every Cuban newspaper the following day. Carbó later promoted Batista from a sergeant to colonel without notifying the other four. Later they were ousted by the Student Directory and Ramón Grau was named president.
Attempts to overthrow the Pentarchy
U.S. ambassador to Cuba Sumner Welles noted in a telegram to the Secretary of State that late at night on September 6, 1933, Dr. Horacio Ferrer, Secretary of War in the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada Cabinet, called to see him. He advised the ambassador that he was in contact with sergeants in control of the Fortress La Cabaña who advised Ferrer that they were deceived in participating in the mutiny and that they were prepared to make any reparation for their action. Ferrer's plan would be as follows, after taking some preliminary measures, Ferrer, accompanied with 80 loyal officers would proceed on September 8, 1933 to the Fortress La Cabaña with President Cespedes and several other members of his Cabinet and that on early morning September 9, 1933, Ferrer would proclaim the support of the Fortress to the legitimate Government of President Cespedes. Ferrer would then ask the ambassador whether “should this action be taken, and should Cespedes Government make such request the Government of the United States would be willing to land troops from the battleships now due to arrive at Cojimar immediately to the east of Cabaña Fortress, in order to assist the Cespedes Government in maintaining order.”[1]
Sumner Welles himself supported Ferrer and advised Washington of the following: "What I propose would be a strictly limited intervention of the following nature...entail the landing of a consider force at Havana and lesser forces in certain of the more important ports of the Republic."`
The Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration was reluctant, however, to any form of direct military intervention as noted in the following telegram in response to Sumner Welles's telegram proposing the "limited intervention." The Secretary of State, Cordell Hull on September 7, 1933 at 8pm noted as follows to Sumner Welles, "Your 206 September 6, noon. We fully appreciate the various viewpoints set forth in your telegram. However, after mature consideration, the President has decided to send you the following message:
"We feel very strongly that any promise, implied or otherwise, relating to what the United States will do under any circumstances is impossible; that it would be regarded as a breach of neutrality, as favoring one faction out of many, as attempting to set up a government which would be regarded by the whole world, and especially throughout Latin America, as a creation and creature of the American government...strict neutrality is of the essence."[2]
In addition to Dr. Ferrer's attempt overthrow the new revolutionary government, there was also the Cuban Army on behalf of Batista seeking to make back-deals with Cespedes. As reported by Sumner Welles to the U.S. Secretary of State on September 9, 1933, " A commission of sergeants visited [former] President Carlos Manuel de Cespedes y Quesada this morning in his house to inform him that Colonel, former Sergeant, Fulgencio Batista was willing to support his restoration to the Presidency provided President Cespedes would confirm him in his position as Colonel and Chief of Staff of the Army and guarantee his safety and that of his associates in this mutiny. President Cespedes stated that he was unwilling to make any commitments whatever as to what would be done provided he was reinstated in power."[3]
Argote-Freyre, Frank. Fulgencio Batista: Volume 1, From Revolutionary to Strongman. Rutgers University Press, Rutgers, New Jersey. ISBN0-8135-3701-0. 2006.
Chester, Edmund A. A Sergeant Named Batista. Holt. ASIN B0007DPO1U. 1954.
Nueva Historia de la Republica de Cuba (1898–1979), Herminio Portell-Vila (Miami, Florida: La Moderna Poesia, Inc., 1996)
Otero, Juan Joaquin (1954). Libro De Cuba, Una Enciclopedia Ilustrada Que Abarca Las Artes, Las Letras, Las Ciencias, La Economia, La Politica, La Historia, La Docencia, Y ElProgreso General De La Nacion Cubana - Edicion Conmemorative del Cincuentenario de la Republica de Cuba, 1902-1952. (Spanish)
January 10, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Pentarchy of 1933 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Pentarchy of 1933 formally known as the Executive Commission of the Provisional Government of Cuba was a coalition that ruled Cuba from September 5 to September 10 1933 after Gerardo Machado was deposed on August 12 1933 Prior to the Pentarchy General Alberto Herrera August 12 13 1933 and Carlos Manuel de Cespedes y Quesada August 13 September 5 1933 served as President of Cuba Pentarchy of 1933Jose M Irisari Porfirio Franca Guillermo Portela Ramon Grau and Sergio Carbo The Pentarchy with Fulgencio Batista taken in 1933Executive Commission of the Provisional Government of CubaIn office 5 September 1933 10 September 1933Preceded byCarlos Manuel de Cespedes y Quesada as Provisional President Succeeded byRamon Grau as President Personal detailsNationalityCubanThe members of the Pentarchy were Sergio Carbo y Morera 1891 1971 journalist Porfirio Franca y Alvarez de la Campa 1878 1950 attorney banker and economist Ramon Grau San Martin 1887 1969 faculty member at the University of Havana School of Medicine Jose Miguel Irisarri y Gamio 1895 1968 an attorney Guillermo Portela y Moller 1886 1958 faculty member at the University of Havana School of LawThe first thing the Pentarchy did was to draft a proclamation which was written by Sergio Carbo and signed by eighteen civilians and one military man Fulgencio Batista That proclamation was published in every Cuban newspaper the following day Carbo later promoted Batista from a sergeant to colonel without notifying the other four Later they were ousted by the Student Directory and Ramon Grau was named president Attempts to overthrow the Pentarchy EditU S ambassador to Cuba Sumner Welles noted in a telegram to the Secretary of State that late at night on September 6 1933 Dr Horacio Ferrer Secretary of War in the Carlos Manuel de Cespedes y Quesada Cabinet called to see him He advised the ambassador that he was in contact with sergeants in control of the Fortress La Cabana who advised Ferrer that they were deceived in participating in the mutiny and that they were prepared to make any reparation for their action Ferrer s plan would be as follows after taking some preliminary measures Ferrer accompanied with 80 loyal officers would proceed on September 8 1933 to the Fortress La Cabana with President Cespedes and several other members of his Cabinet and that on early morning September 9 1933 Ferrer would proclaim the support of the Fortress to the legitimate Government of President Cespedes Ferrer would then ask the ambassador whether should this action be taken and should Cespedes Government make such request the Government of the United States would be willing to land troops from the battleships now due to arrive at Cojimar immediately to the east of Cabana Fortress in order to assist the Cespedes Government in maintaining order 1 Sumner Welles himself supported Ferrer and advised Washington of the following What I propose would be a strictly limited intervention of the following nature entail the landing of a consider force at Havana and lesser forces in certain of the more important ports of the Republic The Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration was reluctant however to any form of direct military intervention as noted in the following telegram in response to Sumner Welles s telegram proposing the limited intervention The Secretary of State Cordell Hull on September 7 1933 at 8pm noted as follows to Sumner Welles Your 206 September 6 noon We fully appreciate the various viewpoints set forth in your telegram However after mature consideration the President has decided to send you the following message We feel very strongly that any promise implied or otherwise relating to what the United States will do under any circumstances is impossible that it would be regarded as a breach of neutrality as favoring one faction out of many as attempting to set up a government which would be regarded by the whole world and especially throughout Latin America as a creation and creature of the American government strict neutrality is of the essence 2 In addition to Dr Ferrer s attempt overthrow the new revolutionary government there was also the Cuban Army on behalf of Batista seeking to make back deals with Cespedes As reported by Sumner Welles to the U S Secretary of State on September 9 1933 A commission of sergeants visited former President Carlos Manuel de Cespedes y Quesada this morning in his house to inform him that Colonel former Sergeant Fulgencio Batista was willing to support his restoration to the Presidency provided President Cespedes would confirm him in his position as Colonel and Chief of Staff of the Army and guarantee his safety and that of his associates in this mutiny President Cespedes stated that he was unwilling to make any commitments whatever as to what would be done provided he was reinstated in power 3 Cuba portalReferences Edit Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers 1933 The American Republics Volume V p 396 http images library wisc edu FRUS EFacs 1933v05 reference frus frus1933v05 i0010 pdf Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers 1933 The American Republics Volume V p 402 http images library wisc edu FRUS EFacs 1933v05 reference frus frus1933v05 i0010 pdf Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers 1933 The American Republics Volume V p 414 http images library wisc edu FRUS EFacs 1933v05 reference frus frus1933v05 i0010 pdf Argote Freyre Frank Fulgencio Batista Volume 1 From Revolutionary to Strongman Rutgers University Press Rutgers New Jersey ISBN 0 8135 3701 0 2006 Chester Edmund A A Sergeant Named Batista Holt ASIN B0007DPO1U 1954 Nueva Historia de la Republica de Cuba 1898 1979 Herminio Portell Vila Miami Florida La Moderna Poesia Inc 1996 Otero Juan Joaquin 1954 Libro De Cuba Una Enciclopedia Ilustrada Que Abarca Las Artes Las Letras Las Ciencias La Economia La Politica La Historia La Docencia Y ElProgreso General De La Nacion Cubana Edicion Conmemorative del Cincuentenario de la Republica de Cuba 1902 1952 Spanish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pentarchy of 1933 amp oldid 1085254530, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
