Penicillium citrinum

Penicillium citrinum is an anamorph, mesophilic fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which produces tanzawaic acid A-D, ACC, Mevastatin, Quinocitrinine A, Quinocitrinine B, and nephrotoxic citrinin.^{[1][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]} Penicillium citrinum is often found on moldy citrus fruits and occasionally it occurs in tropical spices and cereals.^[12] This Penicillium species also causes mortality for the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus.^[13][14] Because of its mesophilic character, Penicillium citrinum occurs worldwide.^[6] The first statin (Mevastatin) was 1970 isolated from this species.^[3]

Penicillium citrinum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Eurotiomycetes
Order:	Eurotiales
Family:	Aspergillaceae
Genus:	Penicillium
Species:	P. citrinum
Binomial name
Penicillium citrinum Thom, C. 1910^[1]
Type strain
ATCC 1109, ATCC 36382, BCRC 32594, Biourge 53, CBS 139.45, CCRC 32594, CECT 2269, FRR 1841, IMI 091961, IMI 092196, KCTC 6549, LSHB Ad95, LSHB P25, LSHB P6, MUCL 29781, NRRL 1841, NRRL 1842, QM 6833, Thom 4733.14, Thom P25,WB 1842^[2]
Synonyms^[1]
Penicillium citrinum var. pseudopaxilli, Citromyces subtilis, Penicillium aurifluum, Penicillium phaeojanthinellum, Penicillium sartoryi, Penicillium sartorii, Penicillium botryosum

Further reading

• Kumar, G.; Saha, S. P.; Ghosh, S.; Mondal, P. K. (2021). "Artificial neural network-based modelling of optimized experimental study of xylanase production by Penicillium citrinum xym2". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering. 236 (4): 1340–1348. doi:10.1177/09544089211064153. S2CID 245395416.
• Khan, S.; Hamayun, M.; Yoon, H.; Kim, H. Y.; Suh, S. J.; Hwang, S. K.; Kim, J. M.; Lee, I. J.; Choo, Y. S.; Yoon, U. H.; Kong, W. S.; Lee, B. M.; Kim, J. G. (2008). "Plant growth promotion and Penicillium citrinum". BMC Microbiology. 8: 231. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-231. PMC 2631606. PMID 19099608.
• Mossini, S. A. G.; Kemmelmeier, C. (2008). "Inhibition of Citrinin Production in Penicillium citrinum Cultures by Neem [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)]". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 9 (9): 1676–1684. doi:10.3390/ijms9091676. PMC 2635761. PMID 19325825.
• Yamamoto, N.; Matsumoto, K.; Yamagata, Y.; Hirano, K. I.; Ichishima, E. (1993). "A heat-labile serine proteinase from Penicillium citrinum". Phytochemistry. 32 (6): 1393–1397. Bibcode:1993PChem..32.1393Y. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(93)85144-G. PMID 7763554.
• Rodig, O. R.; Ellis, L. C.; Glover, I. T. (1966). "The Biosynthesis of Citrinin in Penicillium citrinum. I. Production and Degradation of Citrinin". Biochemistry. 5 (7): 2451–8. doi:10.1021/bi00871a040. PMID 5959469.
• Roberts, W. T.; Mora, E. C. (1978). "Toxicity of Penicillium citrinum AUA-532 Contaminated Corn and Citrinin in Broiler Chicks". Poultry Science. 57 (5): 1221–1226. doi:10.3382/ps.0571221. PMID 724592.
• Barber, J.; Carter, R. H.; Garson, M. J.; Staunton, J. (1981). "The biosynthesis of citrinin by Penicillium citrinum". Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: 2577. doi:10.1039/P19810002577.
• Curtis, R. F.; Hassall, C. H.; Nazar, M. (1968). "The biosynthesis of phenols. Part XV. Some metabolites of Penicillium citrinum related to citrinin". Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic. 1: 85–93. doi:10.1039/J39680000085. PMID 5688882.
• Shen, H. D.; Wang, C. W.; Chou, H.; Lin, W. L.; Tam, M. F.; Huang, M. H.; Kuo, M. L.; Wang, S. R.; Han, S. H. (2000). "Complementary DNA cloning and immunologic characterization of a new Penicillium citrinum allergen (Pen c 3)". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 105 (4): 827–833. doi:10.1067/mai.2000.105220. PMID 10756236.
• Fatal Penicillium citrinum Pneumonia with Pericarditis in a Patient with Acute Leukemia
• J. P. Felix D'Mello (1997). Handbook of Plant and Fungal Toxicants. CRC Press. ISBN 0849385512.
• Shen, H. D.; Wang, C. W.; Chou, H.; Lin, W. L.; Tam, M. F.; Huang, M. H.; Kuo, M. L.; Wang, S. R.; Han, S. H. (2000). "Complementary DNA cloning and immunologic characterization of a new Penicillium citrinum allergen (Pen c 3)". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 105 (4): 827–833. doi:10.1067/mai.2000.105220. PMID 10756236.
• Da Costa, G. L.; De Oliveira, P. C. (1998). "Penicillium species in mosquitoes from two Brazilian regions". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 38 (5–6): 343–7. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4028(199811)38:5/6<343::AID-JOBM343>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 9871332. S2CID 221872097.

See also

• List of Penicillium species

References

1. MycoBank
2. Straininfo of Penicillium citrinum
3. Endo, A.; Kuroda, M.; Tsujita, Y. (1976). "ML-236A, ML-236B, and ML-236C, new inhibitors of cholesterogensis produced by Penicillium citrinum". The Journal of Antibiotics. 29 (12): 1346–8. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.29.1346. PMID 1010803.
4. Kozlovsky, A. G.; Zhelifonova, V. P.; Antipova, T. V.; Adanin, V. M.; Ozerskaya, S. M.; Kochkina, G. A.; Schlegel, B.; Dahse, H. M.; Gollmick, F. A.; Gräfe, U. (2003). "Quinocitrinines a and B, New Quinoline Alkaloids from Penicillium citrinum Thom 1910, a Permafrost Fungus". The Journal of Antibiotics. 56 (5): 488–91. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.488. PMID 12870815.
5. UniProt
6. John I. Pitt, Ailsa D. Hocking (2009). Fungi and Food Spoilage. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0387922072.
7. Malmstrøm, J; Christophersen, C; Frisvad, J. C. (2000). "Secondary metabolites characteristic of Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium steckii and related species". Phytochemistry. 54 (3): 301–9. Bibcode:2000PChem..54..301M. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00106-0. PMID 10870185. S2CID 26854745.
8. Mossini, S. A. G.; Kemmelmeier, C. (2008). "Inhibition of Citrinin Production in Penicillium citrinum Cultures by Neem [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)]". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 9 (9): 1676–1684. doi:10.3390/ijms9091676. PMC 2635761. PMID 19325825.
9. Houbraken, J. A. M. P.; Frisvad, J. C.; Samson, R. A. (2010). "Taxonomy of Penicillium citrinum and related species". Fungal Diversity. 44: 117–133. doi:10.1007/s13225-010-0047-z.
10. ATCC
11. Honma, M.; Jia, Y. J.; Kakuta, Y.; Matsui, H. (1999). "Metabolism of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid by Penicillium Citrinum". Biology and Biotechnology of the Plant Hormone Ethylene II. pp. 33–34. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4453-7_7. ISBN 978-94-010-5910-7.
12. schimmel-schimmelpilze.de
13. Maketon, M; Amnuaykanjanasin, A; Kaysorngup, A (2014). "A rapid knockdown effect of Penicillium citrinum for control of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Thailand". World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 30 (2): 727–36. doi:10.1007/s11274-013-1500-4. PMID 24078109. S2CID 31999532.
14. Da Costa, G. L.; De Oliveira, P. C. (1998). "Penicillium species in mosquitoes from two Brazilian regions". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 38 (5–6): 343–7. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4028(199811)38:5/6<343::AID-JOBM343>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 9871332. S2CID 221872097.