Paulina (died c. 397) was a late Roman aristocrat and philanthropist, who was the wife of Pammachius and the daughter of Paula of Rome. Letters of condolence were written at her death by Paulinus of Nola and Jerome.
Little is known about Paulina's early life. Her parents were Paula and Toxotius, both were from Roman noble families.[1] They had five children: Toxotius, Blesilla, Paulina, Eustochium, and Rufina.[1]
In 385, the same year her mother left for the East, Paulina married Pammachius,[2] who was a Roman senator;[3] he was also her mother's cousin.[4] The couple lived in a domus on the site of what is now Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio in Rome.[5] A Christian shrine was built within their home, however the date of construction can only be narrowed to 385–410, so it is unclear the extent to which Paulina may have been involved in its construction.[5] In addition to the shrine, the house also featured murals of the Martyrdom of the St Crispo and it is likely that these were commissioned by Paulina.[5][6] She is depicted in part of the mural with her arms outstretched in welcome, with a figure, who is possibly her sister Rufina stood nearby.[5]
Deathedit
Paulina died during the birth of her son in 397.[3][7] After her death Pammachius inherited her property.[8] He soon after dedicated himself to a charitable works.[9] At her funeral feast, her husband invited a "large crowd of the poor and hungry" to share the banquet.[10] Pammachius and his friend Fabiola established a xenodochium in Paulina's honor, which provided hospitality to travellers on the river Tiber.[11]
Letters of condolence after Paulina's death were written to Pammachius, by Paulinus of Nola[10] and Jerome.[12] Bearing in mind that Paulina died in childbirth, Jerome's letter stresses that bearing children was a precursor to her adoption of a life of chastity and sanctity.[13] He also wrote, in Epistle 66, discussing the alms which Pammachius dispensed, that: "Other husbands sprinkle violets, roses, lilies, and shining blossoms and alleviate the pain in their hearts by these good offices. Our Pammachius waters the sacred ashes and her venerable bones with balsams of alms."[14]
Historiographyedit
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Paulina, daughter of Paula
The historian Paola Moretti interprets Paulina as a device used to portray some women as praiseworthy.[15] Gunhild Vidén discusses Paulina's removal of her clothing after her conversion, as a depiction of her change from pleasure-seeking to a life of virtue.[7]
Referencesedit
^ ab"St. Paula - Saints & Angels". Catholic Online. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
^Wace, Henry. "Paulina, Daughter of Paula". A Dictionary of Early Christian Biography 1911
^ ab"St. Pammachius". faith.nd.edu. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
^SMITH, RICHARD UPSHER (2009). "Saint Monica and Lady Philosophy". Carmina Philosophiae. 18: 93–125. ISSN 1075-4407. JSTOR 44078602.
^ abcdMunk, A. (1 May 2009). "Domestic Piety in Fourth Century Rome: A Relic Shrine beneath the Church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo". Hortus Artium Medievalium. 15 (1): 7–19. doi:10.1484/J.HAM.3.39. ISSN 1330-7274.
^"Unbekanntes Rom: Auf den Spuren der frühen Christen - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va (in German). 1 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
^ abVidén, Gunhild (1 January 1998). "St. Jerome on female chastity: Subjugating the elements of desire". Symbolae Osloenses. 73 (1): 139–157. doi:10.1080/00397679808590944. ISSN 0039-7679.
^Ryan, William Granger (2012). The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints. Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0-691-15407-7. JSTOR j.ctt7stkm.
^"St. Pammachius | EWTN". EWTN Global Catholic Television Network. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
^ abCommemorating the dead : texts and artifacts in context : studies of Roman, Jewish, and Christian burials. Brink, Laurie, 1961-, Green, Deborah A. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 2008. p. 133. ISBN978-3-11-021157-3. OCLC 567903856.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Watson, Sethina (24 July 2020). On Hospitals: Welfare, Law, and Christianity in Western Europe, 400-1320. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN978-0-19-258676-6.
^Tinti, Francesca, ed. (2014). England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art, and Politics. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 40. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. p. 80. doi:10.1484/m.sem-eb.6.09070802050003050401060903. ISBN978-2-503-54169-3.
^Clark, Elizabeth A. (1 January 1997). "Sane Insanity: Women and Asceticism in Late Ancient Christianity". Medieval Encounters. 3 (3): 211–230. doi:10.1163/157006797X00152. ISSN 1570-0674.
^Shanzer, Danuta (2008). "Bible, Exegesis, Literature, and Society". The Journal of Medieval Latin. 18: 130–157. doi:10.1484/J.JML.3.8. ISSN 0778-9750. JSTOR 45020098.
^Moretti, Paola Francesca (18 December 2014). "Jerome's Epistolary Portraits of Holy Women: Some Remarks about Their Alleged Multilingualism". Journal of Late Antiquity. 7 (2): 280–297. doi:10.1353/jla.2014.0032. ISSN 1942-1273. S2CID 161744923.
April 11, 2024
paulina, wife, pammachius, paulina, died, late, roman, aristocrat, philanthropist, wife, pammachius, daughter, paula, rome, letters, condolence, were, written, death, paulinus, nola, jerome, paulinadiedc, romespousepammachiusparent, toxotius, paula, rome, cont. Paulina died c 397 was a late Roman aristocrat and philanthropist who was the wife of Pammachius and the daughter of Paula of Rome Letters of condolence were written at her death by Paulinus of Nola and Jerome PaulinaDiedc 397 RomeSpousePammachiusParent s Toxotius and Paula of Rome Contents 1 Biography 2 Death 3 Historiography 4 ReferencesBiography editLittle is known about Paulina s early life Her parents were Paula and Toxotius both were from Roman noble families 1 They had five children Toxotius Blesilla Paulina Eustochium and Rufina 1 In 385 the same year her mother left for the East Paulina married Pammachius 2 who was a Roman senator 3 he was also her mother s cousin 4 The couple lived in a domus on the site of what is now Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio in Rome 5 A Christian shrine was built within their home however the date of construction can only be narrowed to 385 410 so it is unclear the extent to which Paulina may have been involved in its construction 5 In addition to the shrine the house also featured murals of the Martyrdom of the St Crispo and it is likely that these were commissioned by Paulina 5 6 She is depicted in part of the mural with her arms outstretched in welcome with a figure who is possibly her sister Rufina stood nearby 5 Death editPaulina died during the birth of her son in 397 3 7 After her death Pammachius inherited her property 8 He soon after dedicated himself to a charitable works 9 At her funeral feast her husband invited a large crowd of the poor and hungry to share the banquet 10 Pammachius and his friend Fabiola established a xenodochium in Paulina s honor which provided hospitality to travellers on the river Tiber 11 Letters of condolence after Paulina s death were written to Pammachius by Paulinus of Nola 10 and Jerome 12 Bearing in mind that Paulina died in childbirth Jerome s letter stresses that bearing children was a precursor to her adoption of a life of chastity and sanctity 13 He also wrote in Epistle 66 discussing the alms which Pammachius dispensed that Other husbands sprinkle violets roses lilies and shining blossoms and alleviate the pain in their hearts by these good offices Our Pammachius waters the sacred ashes and her venerable bones with balsams of alms 14 Historiography edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century Paulina daughter of PaulaThe historian Paola Moretti interprets Paulina as a device used to portray some women as praiseworthy 15 Gunhild Viden discusses Paulina s removal of her clothing after her conversion as a depiction of her change from pleasure seeking to a life of virtue 7 References edit a b St Paula Saints amp Angels Catholic Online Retrieved 30 November 2020 Wace Henry Paulina Daughter of Paula A Dictionary of Early Christian Biography 1911 a b St Pammachius faith nd edu Retrieved 15 October 2020 SMITH RICHARD UPSHER 2009 Saint Monica and Lady Philosophy Carmina Philosophiae 18 93 125 ISSN 1075 4407 JSTOR 44078602 a b c d Munk A 1 May 2009 Domestic Piety in Fourth Century Rome A Relic Shrine beneath the Church of SS Giovanni e Paolo Hortus Artium Medievalium 15 1 7 19 doi 10 1484 J HAM 3 39 ISSN 1330 7274 Unbekanntes Rom Auf den Spuren der fruhen Christen Vatican News www vaticannews va in German 1 November 2019 Retrieved 30 November 2020 a b Viden Gunhild 1 January 1998 St Jerome on female chastity Subjugating the elements of desire Symbolae Osloenses 73 1 139 157 doi 10 1080 00397679808590944 ISSN 0039 7679 Ryan William Granger 2012 The Golden Legend Readings on the Saints Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0 691 15407 7 JSTOR j ctt7stkm St Pammachius EWTN EWTN Global Catholic Television Network Retrieved 15 October 2020 a b Commemorating the dead texts and artifacts in context studies of Roman Jewish and Christian burials Brink Laurie 1961 Green Deborah A Berlin Walter de Gruyter 2008 p 133 ISBN 978 3 11 021157 3 OCLC 567903856 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Watson Sethina 24 July 2020 On Hospitals Welfare Law and Christianity in Western Europe 400 1320 Oxford University Press p 5 ISBN 978 0 19 258676 6 Tinti Francesca ed 2014 England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages Pilgrimage Art and Politics Studies in the Early Middle Ages Vol 40 Turnhout Brepols Publishers p 80 doi 10 1484 m sem eb 6 09070802050003050401060903 ISBN 978 2 503 54169 3 Clark Elizabeth A 1 January 1997 Sane Insanity Women and Asceticism in Late Ancient Christianity Medieval Encounters 3 3 211 230 doi 10 1163 157006797X00152 ISSN 1570 0674 Shanzer Danuta 2008 Bible Exegesis Literature and Society The Journal of Medieval Latin 18 130 157 doi 10 1484 J JML 3 8 ISSN 0778 9750 JSTOR 45020098 Moretti Paola Francesca 18 December 2014 Jerome s Epistolary Portraits of Holy Women Some Remarks about Their Alleged Multilingualism Journal of Late Antiquity 7 2 280 297 doi 10 1353 jla 2014 0032 ISSN 1942 1273 S2CID 161744923 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paulina wife of Pammachius amp oldid 1209439116, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
