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Paranoid anxiety

January 01, 1970

Paranoid anxiety is a term used in object relations theory, particularly in discussions about the Paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions. The term was frequently used by Melanie Klein,[1][2] especially to refer to a pre-depressive and persecutory sense of anxiety characterised by the psychological splitting of objects.[3]

Further developments edit

Donald Meltzer saw paranoid anxiety as linked not only to a loss of trust in the goodness of objects, but also to a confusion between feeling and thought.[4]

For the extreme forms of such anxiety, he coined the term 'terror', to convey something of the qualitatively different intensity of their nature.[5]

External sources edit

Freud considered that there was generally a small kernel of truth hidden in the exaggerated anxiety of the paranoid[6] - what Hanns Sachs described as an amoeba about to become monster.[7]

The anti-psychiatrist David Cooper argued indeed that "The therapist in working with people might far more often have to confirm the reality of paranoid fears than in any sense disconfirm or attempt to modify them",[8] but most family therapists would probably agree[who?] that this is an extreme and one-sided position.[9]

Defensive functions edit

Idealisation (as in the transference) can be used as a defence against deeper paranoid anxieties about the actual presence of a destructive, denigrating object.[10]

Conversely, paranoid fears, especially when systematised, may themselves serve as a defence against a deeper, chaotic disintegration of the personality.[11]

Persecutory anxiety state (panic attack) and persecutory delusion edit

Paranoid anxiety may reach the level of a persecutory anxiety state[12] (a form of panic attack), including various levels of persecutory delusions (the preferred term to paranoid delusions).

Heavy drinking is said to sometimes precipitate acute paranoid panic[13] – the protagonist's unconscious hostile impulses being projected onto all those around.[14]

Literary examples edit

Hamm in Endgame by Samuel Beckett has been singled out as a character driven by paranoid anxiety.[15]

Noboru in The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea by Yukio Mishima is shown to have persecutory anxiety

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Klein, Mélanie (1946). "Notes on some schizoid mechanisms". Envy and gratitude and other works 1946-1963. Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis (published 1975). ISBN 978-0-02-918440-0.
  2. ^ Klein, Melanie (1946). "Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms". International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 27 (Pt 3–4): 98–110. PMID 20261821.
  3. ^ Neville Symington, Narcissism: A New Theory (1993) p. xv
  4. ^ Donald Meltzer, The Kleinian Development (2008) p. 180
  5. ^ D. Meltzer et al, Exploring the Work of Donald Meltzer (2011) p. 120
  6. ^ S. Freud, On Psychopathology (PFL 10) p. 200-1
  7. ^ O. Fenichel, The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis (1946) p. 428
  8. ^ D. Cooper, The Death of the Family (1974) p. 11
  9. ^ R. Skinner/J. Cleese, Families and how to survive them (1994) p. 106
  10. ^ J. Segal, Melanie Klein (2001) p. 26
  11. ^ R. Anderson ed., Clinical Lectures on Klein and Bion (1992) p. 49
  12. ^ Waska, Robert (2010). Treating Severe Depressive and Persecutory Anxiety States: To Transform the Unbearable. Karnac Books. ISBN 978-1855757202.
  13. ^ E. Berne, A Layman's Guide to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis (1976) p. 239
  14. ^ R. Gregory ed, The Oxford Companion to the Mind (1987) p. 577
  15. ^ Meltzer et al, p. 176-7

External links edit

  • On the Dynamics of Social Structure : A Contribution to the Psycho-Analytical Study of Social Phenomena article has discussions of defenses. See headings: defenses against paranoid anxiety and defenses against depressive anxiety.

January 01, 1970
paranoid, anxiety, term, used, object, relations, theory, particularly, discussions, about, paranoid, schizoid, depressive, positions, term, frequently, used, melanie, klein, especially, refer, depressive, persecutory, sense, anxiety, characterised, psychologi. Paranoid anxiety is a term used in object relations theory particularly in discussions about the Paranoid schizoid and depressive positions The term was frequently used by Melanie Klein 1 2 especially to refer to a pre depressive and persecutory sense of anxiety characterised by the psychological splitting of objects 3 Contents 1 Further developments 2 External sources 3 Defensive functions 4 Persecutory anxiety state panic attack and persecutory delusion 5 Literary examples 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksFurther developments editDonald Meltzer saw paranoid anxiety as linked not only to a loss of trust in the goodness of objects but also to a confusion between feeling and thought 4 For the extreme forms of such anxiety he coined the term terror to convey something of the qualitatively different intensity of their nature 5 External sources editFreud considered that there was generally a small kernel of truth hidden in the exaggerated anxiety of the paranoid 6 what Hanns Sachs described as an amoeba about to become monster 7 The anti psychiatrist David Cooper argued indeed that The therapist in working with people might far more often have to confirm the reality of paranoid fears than in any sense disconfirm or attempt to modify them 8 but most family therapists would probably agree who that this is an extreme and one sided position 9 Defensive functions editIdealisation as in the transference can be used as a defence against deeper paranoid anxieties about the actual presence of a destructive denigrating object 10 Conversely paranoid fears especially when systematised may themselves serve as a defence against a deeper chaotic disintegration of the personality 11 Persecutory anxiety state panic attack and persecutory delusion editParanoid anxiety may reach the level of a persecutory anxiety state 12 a form of panic attack including various levels of persecutory delusions the preferred term to paranoid delusions Heavy drinking is said to sometimes precipitate acute paranoid panic 13 the protagonist s unconscious hostile impulses being projected onto all those around 14 Literary examples editHamm in Endgame by Samuel Beckett has been singled out as a character driven by paranoid anxiety 15 Noboru in The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea by Yukio Mishima is shown to have persecutory anxietySee also editDepressive anxiety a parallel concept of general anxiety yet arising from the depressive position Persecutory delusion Panic attack Paranoia Paranoid personality disorder Delusion Psychotic paranoid symptoms in Borderline personality disorder Paranoid ideation in Symptom Checklist 90 Persecutory type in Delusional disorder Psychoanalytic concepts of love and hate Querulant Types of stalkers particular Intimacy seekers in Stalking ICD 10 Thought insertionReferences edit Klein Melanie 1946 Notes on some schizoid mechanisms Envy and gratitude and other works 1946 1963 Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho Analysis published 1975 ISBN 978 0 02 918440 0 Klein Melanie 1946 Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms International Journal of Psychoanalysis 27 Pt 3 4 98 110 PMID 20261821 Neville Symington Narcissism A New Theory 1993 p xv Donald Meltzer The Kleinian Development 2008 p 180 D Meltzer et al Exploring the Work of Donald Meltzer 2011 p 120 S Freud On Psychopathology PFL 10 p 200 1 O Fenichel The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis 1946 p 428 D Cooper The Death of the Family 1974 p 11 R Skinner J Cleese Families and how to survive them 1994 p 106 J Segal Melanie Klein 2001 p 26 R Anderson ed Clinical Lectures on Klein and Bion 1992 p 49 Waska Robert 2010 Treating Severe Depressive and Persecutory Anxiety States To Transform the Unbearable Karnac Books ISBN 978 1855757202 E Berne A Layman s Guide to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis 1976 p 239 R Gregory ed The Oxford Companion to the Mind 1987 p 577 Meltzer et al p 176 7External links editOn the Dynamics of Social Structure A Contribution to the Psycho Analytical Study of Social Phenomena article has discussions of defenses See headings defenses against paranoid anxiety and defenses against depressive anxiety Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paranoid anxiety amp oldid 1219099558, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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