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Twenty-four cardinals attended the conclave of December 1334.[1] Their names are listed by Konrad Eubel in Hierarchia catholica.[2]
Politicsedit
An early favorite among the papabile was Cardinal Jean-Raymond de Comminges, Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, son of Count Bernard VI of Comminges and Laura de Montfort. The French cardinals, led by Elie de Talleyrand-Périgord, did not want to leave their native France for the plague-infested and unfriendly city of Rome. And since the Orsini faction wanted to return to Rome, the Colonna faction chose the opposite and joined the French.[3] A sufficient number of cardinals agreed to support him (2/3, or a minimum of 16 in number). Thus he could have been elected Pope had he been willing to swear to a condition not to return the papacy to Rome.[4] Understandably, he refused his consent to the election on those terms.[5]
The Cistercian cardinal, Jacques Fournier, was elected on the evening of 20 December 1334, after Vespers, on the eighth day of the conclave.[6]
The cardinals in conclave, most of whom opposed a return to Rome, demanded of Cardinal de Comminges, whose election seemed assured, the promise to remain at Avignon. His refusal precipitated an unexpected canvass for candidates. On the first ballot, 20 December 1334, many electors, intending to sound the mind of the conclave, voted for the unlikely Cardinal Fournier, who, though he was one of the few men of real merit in the college, was but lightly regarded because of his obscure origin and lack of wealth and following. He amazed the conclave by receiving the necessary two-thirds vote. On 8 January 1335, he was enthroned as Benedict XII.[7]
Notesedit
^Giovanni Villani Cronica Book XI, chapter xxi (p. 239 Dragomanni). Ptolemy of Lucca in Theiner, under the year 1334, § 46, p. 20. See Baluze I, 825.
^Giovanni Villani, Cronaca, Book XI, chapter xx (Vol. III, p. 239 Dragomanni)
^Such an arrangement was contrary to Canon Law. The First Ecumenical Council of Lyon had decreed in 1245 that "In elections, postulations, and scrutinies, which come under the law of electing, conditional, alternative and uncertain votes are completely disapproved..." Ioannes Dominicus Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio Tomus 23 (Venice 1779), p. 610.
^Giovanni Villani, p. 239. Trollope, 1876, p. 95, repeating Villani. Jacob, pp. 20-24.
^Martin Souchon, Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI (Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz 1888), pp. 45-46. J. P. Adams, Sede Vacante 1334. Retrieved: 2016-06-26.
^The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 2. Encyclopedia Press. 1913. p. 430. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
Books and articlesedit
Ameri, Gianluca and Clario Di Fabio, Luca Fieschi: cardinale, collezionista, mecenate, 1300-1336 (Cinisello Balsamo (Milano) : Silvana, 2011).
Baluzius, Stephanus [Étienne Baluze], Vitae Paparum Avinionensium 2 volumes (Paris: apud Franciscum Muguet 1693). (in Latin) "Secunda Vita Benedicti XII," 213–220. "Tertia Vita Benedicti XII," 219–225. "Quarta Vita Benedicti XII," 225–228. "Quinta Vita Benedicti XII," 229–244.
Eubel, Konrad (1898). Hierarchia catholica medii aevi: sive Summorum pontificum, S.R.E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series ab anno 1198 usque ad annum [1605] perducta e documentis tabularii praesertim Vaticani collecta, digesta (in Latin). Vol. I. Münster: sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae. (second edition 1913).
Bernardus Guidonis, "Vita Joannis Papae XXII," in Ludovicus Antonius Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores Tomus Tertius (Milan 1723), 673–684. (in Latin)
Dragomanni, Francesco Gherardi (editor), Cronica di Giovanni Villani Tomo III (Firenze: Sansoni 1845).
Duhamel, L. "Un neveu de Jean XXII, Le cardinal Arnaud de Via," Bulletin monumental 5 serie, Tome 11 (Paris 1883) 401–421.
Jacob, Karl (1910). Studien uber Papst Benedikt XII. Berlin: R. Trenkel. pp. 20–24. Retrieved 2016-06-26.
Souchon, Martin. Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI (Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz 1888).
Theiner, Augustinus (Editor), Caesaris S. R. E. Cardinalis Baronii, Od. Raynaldi et Jac. Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici Tomus Vigesimus Quartus 1313-1333 (Barri-Ducis: Ludovicus Guerin 1872); Tomus Vigesimus Quintus 1334-1355 (Barri-Ducis: Ludovicus Guerin 1872). (in Latin)
1334, papal, conclave, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, provides, insufficient, context, those, unfamiliar, with, subject, please, help, i. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject Please help improve the article by providing more context for the reader February 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources 1334 papal conclave news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article June 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message The papal conclave held from 13 to 20 December 1334 elected Jacques Fournier to succeed John XXII as pope Fournier took the name Benedict XII Papal conclave 1334Dates and location1334Palais des Papes AvignonElectionCandidatesJean Raymond de CommingesBallots Elected popeJacques FournierName taken Benedict XII 1314 161342 Palais des Papes Avignon Contents 1 Cardinals 2 Politics 3 Notes 4 Books and articles 5 External linksCardinals editTwenty four cardinals attended the conclave of December 1334 1 Their names are listed by Konrad Eubel in Hierarchia catholica 2 Politics editAn early favorite among the papabile was Cardinal Jean Raymond de Comminges Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina son of Count Bernard VI of Comminges and Laura de Montfort The French cardinals led by Elie de Talleyrand Perigord did not want to leave their native France for the plague infested and unfriendly city of Rome And since the Orsini faction wanted to return to Rome the Colonna faction chose the opposite and joined the French 3 A sufficient number of cardinals agreed to support him 2 3 or a minimum of 16 in number Thus he could have been elected Pope had he been willing to swear to a condition not to return the papacy to Rome 4 Understandably he refused his consent to the election on those terms 5 The Cistercian cardinal Jacques Fournier was elected on the evening of 20 December 1334 after Vespers on the eighth day of the conclave 6 According to the Catholic Encyclopedia The cardinals in conclave most of whom opposed a return to Rome demanded of Cardinal de Comminges whose election seemed assured the promise to remain at Avignon His refusal precipitated an unexpected canvass for candidates On the first ballot 20 December 1334 many electors intending to sound the mind of the conclave voted for the unlikely Cardinal Fournier who though he was one of the few men of real merit in the college was but lightly regarded because of his obscure origin and lack of wealth and following He amazed the conclave by receiving the necessary two thirds vote On 8 January 1335 he was enthroned as Benedict XII 7 Notes edit Giovanni Villani Cronica Book XI chapter xxi p 239 Dragomanni Ptolemy of Lucca in Theiner under the year 1334 46 p 20 See Baluze I 825 Eubel p 17 n 7 Giovanni Villani Cronaca Book XI chapter xx Vol III p 239 Dragomanni Such an arrangement was contrary to Canon Law The First Ecumenical Council of Lyon had decreed in 1245 that In elections postulations and scrutinies which come under the law of electing conditional alternative and uncertain votes are completely disapproved Ioannes Dominicus Mansi Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio Tomus 23 Venice 1779 p 610 Giovanni Villani p 239 Trollope 1876 p 95 repeating Villani Jacob pp 20 24 Martin Souchon Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI Braunschweig Benno Goeritz 1888 pp 45 46 J P Adams Sede Vacante 1334 Retrieved 2016 06 26 The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 2 Encyclopedia Press 1913 p 430 Retrieved 21 July 2020 Books and articles editAmeri Gianluca and Clario Di Fabio Luca Fieschi cardinale collezionista mecenate 1300 1336 Cinisello Balsamo Milano Silvana 2011 Baluzius Stephanus Etienne Baluze Vitae Paparum Avinionensium 2 volumes Paris apud Franciscum Muguet 1693 in Latin Secunda Vita Benedicti XII 213 220 Tertia Vita Benedicti XII 219 225 Quarta Vita Benedicti XII 225 228 Quinta Vita Benedicti XII 229 244 Eubel Konrad 1898 Hierarchia catholica medii aevi sive Summorum pontificum S R E cardinalium ecclesiarum antistitum series ab anno 1198 usque ad annum 1605 perducta e documentis tabularii praesertim Vaticani collecta digesta in Latin Vol I Munster sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae second edition 1913 Bernardus Guidonis Vita Joannis Papae XXII in Ludovicus Antonius Muratori Rerum Italicarum Scriptores Tomus Tertius Milan 1723 673 684 in Latin Dragomanni Francesco Gherardi editor Cronica di Giovanni Villani Tomo III Firenze Sansoni 1845 Duhamel L Un neveu de Jean XXII Le cardinal Arnaud de Via Bulletin monumental5 serie Tome 11 Paris 1883 401 421 Jacob Karl 1910 Studien uber Papst Benedikt XII Berlin R Trenkel pp 20 24 Retrieved 2016 06 26 Souchon Martin Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI Braunschweig Benno Goeritz 1888 Theiner Augustinus Editor Caesaris S R E Cardinalis Baronii Od Raynaldi et Jac Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici Tomus Vigesimus Quartus 1313 1333 Barri Ducis Ludovicus Guerin 1872 Tomus Vigesimus Quintus 1334 1355 Barri Ducis Ludovicus Guerin 1872 in Latin Trollope Thomas Adolphus 1876 The Papal Conclaves as they were and as they are unreliable source External links editAdams J P Sede Vacante and Conclave of 1334 Retrieved 2016 06 26 Guillemain Bernard Benedetto XII Dizionario dei Papi 2000 in Italian Portals nbsp Catholicism nbsp Christianity nbsp Vatican City nbsp France1334 papal conclave at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity nbsp Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1334 papal conclave amp oldid 1195910867, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
