Pankararú (Pancaré, Pankaré, Pancaru, Pankaruru, Pankarará, Pankaravu, Pankaroru, Pankarú, Brancararu) is an extinct language of eastern Brazil. There are 6,000 ethnic Pankararú, but they all speak Portuguese. In 1961, only two elders could remember anything of the language. Today, they live in Brejo dos Padres and other villages of Tacaratu, Pernambuco State. The language was originally spoken between the Moxotó River and the Pajeú River.[1]
In the 19th century the people split into two ethnic groups, the Pankararú and the Pankararé. One quarter of the Parkararé retain their traditional religion. Their language, however, is unattested,[2] and can only be assumed to be a dialect of Pankararu.
Pankararú has no proven relatives and remains unclassified. There are similarities with Tukano and Tupian. Meader (1976) found that of 80 known lexical items, one third (26) are clearly cognate with Tupian languages. He speculates that the last speakers of Pankararú may therefore have been bilingual in Tupi. The identity of the rest of the vocabulary has not been identified, and Pankararú may be a language isolate.
Loukotka (1968) also lists these languages as being formerly spoken in Tacaratu, Pernambuco State. It is not known whether or not they were related to Pankararú:[1]
Jeriticó or Jiripancó – village of Pindaé near Brejo dos Padres in Tacaratu, Pernambuco. Survivors now speak only Portuguese.
Macarú – village of Brejo dos Padres, Tacaratu. A few survivors now speak only Portuguese.
Koiupanká[3] and Karuazu[4] may have been related.
Kalankó (Cacalancó), with descendants now living in Água Branca, Alagoas, may have also been related to Pankararú.[5]
Vocabularyedit
Loukotka (1968)edit
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[1]
gloss
Pankarurú
man
porkiá
sun
panyé
earth
zyobazyí
tobacco
azyó
Pompeu (1958)edit
Language variety from Pompeu (1958), originally collected by Carlos Estêvam:[6]
Below is a 1961 word list of Pankarú (Pankararú) recorded in Brejo dos Padres by Wilbur Pickering from his informant João Moreno. The list is published in Meader (1978).[7]
Portuguese gloss (original)
English gloss (translated)
Pankarú (Pankararú)
amarelo
yellow
ˈžúbʌ̀
pedra amarela
yellow stone
itapurʌŋga
boca
mouth
ūːřú kàˈtiŋ̄
minha boca
my mouth
sε̄ ūˈřú
bom
good
kátù
ele é bom
He is good.
ayε katu
o olho é bom
The eye is good.
sảːkàtú kyả̀
vocês são bons
You (plural) are good.
pε̄ñékātù / pε̃ñékátù
branco
white
ˈtíŋgʌ́
buraco
hole
kwàřà
cabeça
head
uukà
a cabeça é redonda
The head is round.
muukὶ(ː)
cabelo
hair
uŋkyò
o cabelo é preto
The hair is black.
uŋkyò àlóːkià
cachorro
dog
ítōˈlókyà
caminho
road
pε
carne
meat
sóːō
casa
house
ókhà
céu
sky
tšιakι / aʌ̨nsε
cobra
snake
fítš̭ˈàká / fítš̭iākà
coração
heart
(úpíˈá) ūpia kàtú asu
corda
rope
ˈmúsúřʌ̨̀nʌ̨̀
dedo grande
big finger
kų̀ʌ̨́ kàtέ gàsú
dente
tooth
(tʌ̨̄ˈíŋkàtī)
dia
day
ˈářà
ele / ela
he / she
àyέ
eles, elas
they
āìˈtá
este, esta
this
kwa
eu
I
šεʔ
faca
knife
kisε
fogo
fire
ˈpo
fumo (tabaco)
smoke (tobacco)
pɔi
pedra furada
pierced stone
ítákwàřà
ele furou a orelha
He pierced his ear.
oː màlί ásò
homem
man
aba
homem velho
old man
ábá ùmʌ̨̀
joelho
knee
àˈlų́
o joelho está mau
The knee is bad.
sātkālί ˈʔų́ː
língua
tongue
(mε̄āŋˈgā)
lua
moon
ˈžasì
lua cheia
full moon
kaiřε
lua nova
new moon
katiti
mãe
mother
sέʔžàʔ
mandioca
cassava
mʌ̨̀nˈdī
mão
hand
pɔ̄pitέkàí
mar
sea
pəřəˈnà
mau
bad
pùší
menina
girl
mítákų̄įˈʌ̨̀ / íādε̄doŋ̄kīˈà
menino
boy
íādε̄dùˈà
milho
maize
ávātì
moça
girl
kų̀įʌ̨̀ mùkú
moça velha
older girl
kų̀įʌ̨̀ fìlìwà
mulher
woman
kų̀įʌ̨̄
não
no
ų́hų̄
nariz
nose
tákwí
meu nariz
my nose
séˈtį̀
nossos narizes (meu e seu)
our noses (inclusive)
iānέʔtį̀
seu nariz (de você)
your nose
šέˈtį́
seu nariz (dele)
his nose
sέˈtį́ àyὲ
noite
night
pīˈtų̀
nós, nosso
we, our
ìànέʔ
olho (pavεořukya)
eye
(pavεořukya) / sả̀ː
onça
jaguar
žáˈgwà
orelha
ear
mōːkìhkyà
pai (meu pai)
father (my father)
sέʔpāià
pedra
stone
ítà
pedra branca
white stone
itatiŋga
pedra preta
black stone
ítáʔų̀na
perna
leg
kóškì
preto
black
ʔų́nʌ̨̄
redondo
round
púʌ̨̄
sol
sun
kwářásí
velho
old
ùmʌ̨̄
homem velho
old man
ábá úmʌ̨̀
moça velha
older girl
kų̀iʌ̨̀ fìlìwà
vós (vocês)
you
pὲˈñε̄
açúcar
sugar
dódəsākà
cabra
goat
kářkíá
camaleão
chameleon
fìˈkíˈá
canela
cinnamon
(kālε̄ˈʔί̨ʌ) kia
coxo
lame
kóš
dedo
finger
kų̄nˈkàtέ
farinha
flour
kítshià
feijão
bean
nátsākā
garganta
throat
gāε̄òˈŋkyà
grosso
thick
sábóó
lagarto
lizard
šōá
macaxeira
cassava
aipį́
moreno
dark-skinned
pìˈtùnà
queixo
chin
tʔíŋkwˈí
sim
yes
ʌ̨̅hʌ̨́
?
?
(pʌ̨̅ŋkārὲː)
Referencesedit
^ abcLoukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
^"Koiupanká". Povos Indígenas no Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
^"Karuazu". Povos Indígenas no Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
^"Kalankó". Povos Indígenas no Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
^Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.
^Meader, Robert E. (1978). Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (in Portuguese). Brasilia: SIL International.
Fabre, Alain (2005): Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: PANKARARU / PANKARARÉ
Meader, Robert E. (1976):
April 15, 2024
pankararú, language, pankararú, pancaré, pankaré, pancaru, pankaruru, pankarará, pankaravu, pankaroru, pankarú, brancararu, extinct, language, eastern, brazil, there, ethnic, pankararú, they, speak, portuguese, 1961, only, elders, could, remember, anything, la. Pankararu Pancare Pankare Pancaru Pankaruru Pankarara Pankaravu Pankaroru Pankaru Brancararu is an extinct language of eastern Brazil There are 6 000 ethnic Pankararu but they all speak Portuguese In 1961 only two elders could remember anything of the language Today they live in Brejo dos Padres and other villages of Tacaratu Pernambuco State The language was originally spoken between the Moxoto River and the Pajeu River 1 PankararuPankarareNative toBrazilRegionPernambuco AlagoasExtinctca early 20th centuryLanguage familyunclassifiedLanguage codesISO 639 3Either a href https iso639 3 sil org code paz class extiw title iso639 3 paz paz a Pankararu a href https iso639 3 sil org code pax class extiw title iso639 3 pax pax a PankarareGlottologpank1250 Pankararupank1235 PankarareIn the 19th century the people split into two ethnic groups the Pankararu and the Pankarare One quarter of the Parkarare retain their traditional religion Their language however is unattested 2 and can only be assumed to be a dialect of Pankararu Contents 1 Classification 2 Vocabulary 2 1 Loukotka 1968 2 2 Pompeu 1958 2 3 Meader 1978 3 ReferencesClassification editPankararu has no proven relatives and remains unclassified There are similarities with Tukano and Tupian Meader 1976 found that of 80 known lexical items one third 26 are clearly cognate with Tupian languages He speculates that the last speakers of Pankararu may therefore have been bilingual in Tupi The identity of the rest of the vocabulary has not been identified and Pankararu may be a language isolate The Atikum language was spoken nearby but it is a language isolate and is not related to Pankararu Loukotka 1968 also lists these languages as being formerly spoken in Tacaratu Pernambuco State It is not known whether or not they were related to Pankararu 1 Jeritico or Jiripanco village of Pindae near Brejo dos Padres in Tacaratu Pernambuco Survivors now speak only Portuguese Macaru village of Brejo dos Padres Tacaratu A few survivors now speak only Portuguese Koiupanka 3 and Karuazu 4 may have been related Kalanko Cacalanco with descendants now living in Agua Branca Alagoas may have also been related to Pankararu 5 Vocabulary editLoukotka 1968 edit Loukotka 1968 lists the following basic vocabulary items 1 gloss Pankaruruman porkiasun panyeearth zyobazyitobacco azyoPompeu 1958 edit Language variety from Pompeu 1958 originally collected by Carlos Estevam 6 Portuguese gloss original English gloss translated Brejo dos Padres fogo fire obaiagua water jinikaci jataterua jai jabrejo swamp ibiji arotolagoa pond jooterra earth jobajipedra stone toitu ipasal salt tukacachimbo smoking pipe kuna kunicachimbo cerimonial ceremonial pipe matrinado matrigomaraca maraca kama kaba eyapinheiro pine burutimenino boy jora oiboparente relative goyajiirma e prima sister and cousin dakataionca preta black jaguar tupemaracaja margay Gwariataporco pig taracimoco rock cavy Kerodon rupestris kewitatu peba six banded armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus kuriepeboi ox kanarivaca cow tuovelha sheep pushare sumui irapassarinho small bird iushiipena feather tikovo egg ajipapagaio parrot umaiataperiquito parakeet glyglilinpeixe fish kamijoabelha bee axxaomadeira pau wood tree dakaflor flower barkiramilho corn ta monitabaco fumo tobacco smoke poi ajobonito beautiful liminMeader 1978 edit Below is a 1961 word list of Pankaru Pankararu recorded in Brejo dos Padres by Wilbur Pickering from his informant Joao Moreno The list is published in Meader 1978 7 Portuguese gloss original English gloss translated Pankaru Pankararu amarelo yellow ˈzubʌ pedra amarela yellow stone itapurʌŋgaboca mouth uːru kaˈtiŋ minha boca my mouth se uˈrubom good katuele e bom He is good aye katuo olho e bom The eye is good sảːkatu kyả voces sao bons You plural are good pe nekatu pe nekatubranco white ˈtiŋgʌ buraco hole kwaracabeca head uukaa cabeca e redonda The head is round muukὶ ː cabelo hair uŋkyoo cabelo e preto The hair is black uŋkyo aloːkiacachorro dog itōˈlokyacaminho road pecarne meat soːōcasa house okhaceu sky tsiaki aʌ nsecobra snake fits ˈaka fits iakacoracao heart upiˈa upia katu asucorda rope ˈmusurʌ nʌ dedo grande big finger ku ʌ kate gasudente tooth tʌ ˈiŋkati dia day ˈaraele ela he she ayeeles elas they aiˈtaeste esta this kwaeu I seʔfaca knife kisefogo fire ˈpofumo tabaco smoke tobacco pɔipedra furada pierced stone itakwaraele furou a orelha He pierced his ear oː mali asohomem man abahomem velho old man aba umʌ joelho knee aˈlu o joelho esta mau The knee is bad satkali ˈʔu ːlingua tongue me aŋˈga lua moon ˈzasilua cheia full moon kairelua nova new moon katitimae mother seʔzaʔmandioca cassava mʌ nˈdimao hand pɔ pitekaimar sea pereˈnamau bad pusimenina girl mitaku įˈʌ iade doŋ kiˈamenino boy iade duˈamilho maize avatimoca girl ku įʌ mukumoca velha older girl ku įʌ filiwamulher woman ku įʌ nao no u hu nariz nose takwimeu nariz my nose seˈtį nossos narizes meu e seu our noses inclusive ianeʔtį seu nariz de voce your nose seˈtį seu nariz dele his nose seˈtį ayὲnoite night piˈtu nos nosso we our ianeʔolho paveorukya eye paveorukya sả ːonca jaguar zaˈgwaorelha ear mōːkihkyapai meu pai father my father seʔpaiapedra stone itapedra branca white stone itatiŋgapedra preta black stone itaʔu naperna leg koskipreto black ʔu nʌ redondo round puʌ sol sun kwarasivelho old umʌ homem velho old man aba umʌ moca velha older girl ku iʌ filiwavos voces you pὲˈne acucar sugar dodesakacabra goat karkiacamaleao chameleon fiˈkiˈacanela cinnamon kale ˈʔi ʌ kiacoxo lame kosdedo finger ku nˈkatefarinha flour kitshiafeijao bean natsakagarganta throat gae oˈŋkyagrosso thick saboolagarto lizard sōamacaxeira cassava aipį moreno dark skinned piˈtunaqueixo chin tʔiŋkwˈisim yes ʌ hʌ pʌ ŋkarὲː References edit a b c Loukotka Cestmir 1968 Classification of South American Indian languages Los Angeles UCLA Latin American Center Hammarstrom Harald Forke Robert Haspelmath Martin Bank Sebastian eds 2020 Pankarare Glottolog 4 3 Koiupanka Povos Indigenas no Brasil in Portuguese Retrieved 29 January 2020 Karuazu Povos Indigenas no Brasil in Portuguese Retrieved 29 January 2020 Kalanko Povos Indigenas no Brasil in Portuguese Retrieved 29 January 2020 Pompeu Sobrinho Thomaz 1958 Linguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste Alguns vocabularios ineditos Boletim de Antropologia Fortaleza Ceara 2 3 19 Meader Robert E 1978 Indios do Nordeste Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro in Portuguese Brasilia SIL International Fabre Alain 2005 Diccionario etnolinguistico y guia bibliografica de los pueblos indigenas sudamericanos PANKARARU PANKARARE Meader Robert E 1976 Indios do Nordeste Levantamento sobre os Remanescentes Tribais do Nordeste Brasileiro Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pankararu language amp oldid 1152828375, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
