fbpx
Wikipedia

Pan-Arab colors

October 05, 2023

The Pan-Arab colors are black, white, green and red. Individually, each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain aspect of the Arabs and their history.[1]

Flag of the Arab Revolt, associated with pan-Arabism.

The black represents the Black Standard used by the Rashidun Caliphate and the Abbasid Caliphate, while white was the dynastic color of the Umayyad Caliphate.[2] Green is a color associated with the primary religion of Islam – and therefore also a color representative of the Rashidun Caliphate.[3][4] Green is also identified as the color of the Fatimid Caliphate by some modern sources,[2][5] but that is not correct: their dynastic color was white.[6][7][8] Finally, red was the Hashemite dynastic color. The four colors also derived their potency from a verse by 14th century Arab poet Safi al-Din al-Hilli: "White are our acts, black our battles, green our fields, and red our swords."[9]

Pan-Arab colors, used individually in the past, were first combined in 1916 in the flag of the Arab Revolt or Flag of Hejaz.[10] Many current flags are based on Arab Revolt colors, such as the flags of Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and the United Arab Emirates.[11]

Liberation Flag, also Revolutionary flag
(A modern revolutionary flag that spread to the Arab World inspired by the 1952 Egyptian Revolution)[12]

In the 1950s, a subset of the Pan-Arab colors, the Arab Liberation colors, came to prominence. These consist of a tricolor of red, white and black bands, with green given less prominence or not included. The Arab Liberation tricolor or the Arab Liberation Flag was mainly inspired by the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and Egypt's official flag under president Mohamed Naguib.[13] which became the basis for the current flags of Egypt, Iraq, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (and formerly in the flags of the rival states of North Yemen and South Yemen), and in the short-lived Arab unions of the United Arab Republic and the Federation of Arab Republics.[11]

Current flags with Pan-Arab colors Edit

UN member and observer states Edit

Unrecognized and partially recognized states Edit

First-level administrative divisions Edit

Former national flags with the Pan-Arab colors Edit

Flags of Arab political and paramilitary movements using Pan-Arab colors Edit


See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans. (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.
  2. ^ a b Edmund Midura (March–April 1978). "Flags of the Arab World". Saudi Aramco World: 4–9.
  3. ^ a b Teitelbaum, Joshua (2001). The rise and fall of the Hashimite kingdom of Arabia. New York: New York University Press. p. 205. ISBN 1-85065-460-3. OCLC 45247314.
  4. ^ a b Marshall, Tim (2017). A flag worth dying for : the power and politics of national symbols. New York, NY: Scribner, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, Inc. pp. 110–111. ISBN 978-1-5011-6833-8. OCLC 962006347.
  5. ^ Znamierowski, Alfred (2013). The World Encyclopedia of Flags: The Definitive Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns, with Over 1400 Illustration. Lorenz Books. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-7548-2629-3.
  6. ^ Hathaway, Jane (2003). A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-7914-5883-9. The Ismaili Shi'ite counter-caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color, creating a visual contrast to the Abbasid enemy.
  7. ^ Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan M. (1999). "Art and Architecture: Themes and Variations". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford History of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 215–267. ISBN 0-19-510799-3. ...white was also the color associated with the Fatimid caliphs, the opponents of the Abbasids.
  8. ^ Sanders, Paula A. (1994). Ritual, Politics, and the City in Fatimid Cairo. SUNY series in Medieval Middle East History. SUNY Press. p. 44. ISBN 0-7914-1781-6. ...wore white (the Fatimid color) while delivering the sermon (khuṭba) in the name of the Fatimid caliph.
  9. ^ Muhsin Al-Musawi, Reading Iraq: Culture and Power in Conflict (I. B. Tauris 2006), p. 63
  10. ^ I. Friedman, British Pan-Arab Policy, 1915–1922, Transaction Publ., 2011, p. 135
  11. ^ a b Znamierowski, Alfred (2003). Illustrated Book of Flags. Southwater. p. 123. ISBN 1-84215-881-3. Retrieved November 22, 2014. The designs of these flags were later modified, but the four pan-Arab colors were retained and were adopted by Transjordan (1921), Palestine (1922), Kuwait (1961), the United Arab Emirates (1971), Western Sahara (1976) and Somaliland (1996).
  12. ^ Pan-Arab Colors, crwflags.com
  13. ^ M. Naguib, Egypt's Destiny, 1955
  14. ^ Also used as the flag of Fujairah since 1975
  15. ^ a b Kingdom of Hejaz 1915–1925, Crwflags.com
  16. ^ a b c d Historical Flags Overview (Syria), Crwflags.com
  17. ^ a b Historical Flags (Palestine) , Crwflags.com
  18. ^ a b Historical Flags (Jordan), Crwflags.com
  19. ^ Kingdom of Iraq (1924–1958), Crwflags.com
  20. ^ Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq, Crwflags.com
  21. ^ a b c Evolution of the Iraqi Flag, 1963–2008, Crwflags.com
  22. ^ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Al-Muntadha al-Adhabi 2014-05-05 at the Wayback Machine, passia.org
  23. ^ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Jam'yiat al-'Arabiya al-Fatat 2014-05-05 at the Wayback Machine, passia.org
  24. ^ a b Al-Ahwaz (Khuzestan) Political Organizations (Iran) on crwflags.com
  25. ^ S. T. Al-Seyed Naama, Brief History of Ahwaz 2014-07-15 at the Wayback Machine, on al-ahwaz.com
  26. ^ The contrast of white vs. black as the Fatimid/Umayyad vs. Abbasid dynastic color over time developed in white as the color of Shia Islam and black as the color of Sunni Islam: "The proselytes of the ʿAbbasid revolution took full advantage of the eschatological expectations raised by black banners in their campaign to undermine the Umayyad dynasty from within. Even after the ʿAbbasids had triumphed over the Umayyads in 750, they continued to deploy black as their dynastic color; not only the banners but the headdresses and garments of the ʿAbbasid caliphs were black [...] The ubiquitous black created a striking contrast with the banners and dynastic color of the Umayyads, which had been white [...] The Ismaili Shiʿite counter-caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color, creating a visual contrast to the ʿAbbasid enemy [...] white became the Shiʿite color, in deliberate opposition to the black of the ʿAbbasid 'establishment'." Jane Hathaway, A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen, 2012, p. 97f.
  27. ^ The Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate adopted black for its rāyaʾ for which their partisans were called the musawwids. Tabari (1995), Jane McAuliffe (ed.), Abbāsid Authority Affirmed, vol. 28, SUNY, p. 124

External links Edit

  • Pan-Arab colors
  • , by Dr. Mahdi Abdul-Hadi (in Arabic)

October 05, 2023
arab, colors, black, white, green, individually, each, four, were, intended, represent, certain, aspect, arabs, their, history, flag, arab, revolt, associated, with, arabism, black, represents, black, standard, used, rashidun, caliphate, abbasid, caliphate, wh. The Pan Arab colors are black white green and red Individually each of the four Pan Arab colors were intended to represent a certain aspect of the Arabs and their history 1 Flag of the Arab Revolt associated with pan Arabism The black represents the Black Standard used by the Rashidun Caliphate and the Abbasid Caliphate while white was the dynastic color of the Umayyad Caliphate 2 Green is a color associated with the primary religion of Islam and therefore also a color representative of the Rashidun Caliphate 3 4 Green is also identified as the color of the Fatimid Caliphate by some modern sources 2 5 but that is not correct their dynastic color was white 6 7 8 Finally red was the Hashemite dynastic color The four colors also derived their potency from a verse by 14th century Arab poet Safi al Din al Hilli White are our acts black our battles green our fields and red our swords 9 Pan Arab colors used individually in the past were first combined in 1916 in the flag of the Arab Revolt or Flag of Hejaz 10 Many current flags are based on Arab Revolt colors such as the flags of Jordan Kuwait Palestine the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and the United Arab Emirates 11 Liberation Flag also Revolutionary flag A modern revolutionary flag that spread to the Arab World inspired by the 1952 Egyptian Revolution 12 In the 1950s a subset of the Pan Arab colors the Arab Liberation colors came to prominence These consist of a tricolor of red white and black bands with green given less prominence or not included The Arab Liberation tricolor or the Arab Liberation Flag was mainly inspired by the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and Egypt s official flag under president Mohamed Naguib 13 which became the basis for the current flags of Egypt Iraq Sudan Syria and Yemen and formerly in the flags of the rival states of North Yemen and South Yemen and in the short lived Arab unions of the United Arab Republic and the Federation of Arab Republics 11 Contents 1 Current flags with Pan Arab colors 1 1 UN member and observer states 1 2 Unrecognized and partially recognized states 1 3 First level administrative divisions 2 Former national flags with the Pan Arab colors 3 Flags of Arab political and paramilitary movements using Pan Arab colors 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksCurrent flags with Pan Arab colors EditUN member and observer states Edit nbsp Egypt nbsp Iraq nbsp Jordan nbsp Kuwait nbsp Libya nbsp Oman nbsp Palestine nbsp Sudan nbsp Syria nbsp United Arab Emirates 14 nbsp Yemen nbsp AlgeriaUnrecognized and partially recognized states Edit nbsp Republic of Somaliland nbsp Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicFirst level administrative divisions Edit nbsp Faiyum Governorate Egypt nbsp Emirate of Fujairah United Arab Emirates nbsp Azal Region YemenFormer national flags with the Pan Arab colors Edit nbsp Hejaz 1917 20 15 OET Administration 1918 20 16 Palestine All Palestine Government 1948 59 17 nbsp Syria 8 March 1920 24 July 1920 16 nbsp Hejaz 1920 26 and Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd 1926 1932 15 Transjordan 1921 28 18 nbsp Iraq 1921 59 19 nbsp Transjordan 1928 39 18 nbsp Syria 1932 58 and 1961 63 16 used currently 2011 onwards by the Syrian Interim Government and the Free Syrian Army nbsp Egypt 1952 1958 flown alongside the national flag nbsp Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq 14 February 1958 2 August 1958 20 nbsp United Arab Republic 1958 61 Egypt 1961 72 nbsp Iraq 1959 63 nbsp North Yemen 1962 90 nbsp Iraq 1963 91 21 nbsp Syria 1963 72 nbsp Palestine 1964 2006 17 nbsp Flag of Hadhramaut 1967 69 nbsp South Yemen 1967 90 used currently 2007 onwards by the South Yemen Movement nbsp Libya 1969 72 nbsp Federation of Arab Republics Egypt 1972 84 Syria 1972 80 16 and Libya 1972 77 nbsp Lower Yafa Yemen 1800 1967 nbsp Mahra Sultanate 1895 1967 nbsp Oman 1970 1995 nbsp Arab Islamic Republic proposed 1974 never implemented nbsp Iraq 1991 2004 21 nbsp Iraq 2004 08 21 Flags of Arab political and paramilitary movements using Pan Arab colors Edit nbsp Flag of Ottoman era Istanbul based autonomist Arab Literature Club 1909 15 a precursor Arab flag 22 nbsp Flag of Ottoman era autonomist Young Arab Society 1911 16 a precursor Arab flag 23 nbsp Flag of the Ba ath Party 1947 present also used by the National Democratic Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf active 1969 71 nbsp Flag of the National Liberation Front of Yemen 1963 78 the Dhofar Liberation Front 1965 68 and the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf 1968 74 nbsp Flag of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman 1974 92 nbsp Flag used by Arab separatists and autonomists in Khuzestan Iran 24 nbsp Flag used by the separatist organizations the National Council of Ahwaz and the National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz in Khuzestan Iran 24 25 nbsp Flag of the Arab Movement of Azawad 2012 present nbsp Flag of Arab Jerusalem nbsp Flag of the Syrian Salvation Government nbsp Red dynastic color used by the Hashemites The Prophet of Islam Muhammad nbsp White dynastic color used by Umayyads 661 750 and the Fatimids 909 1171 26 and the Rashidun Caliphate nbsp Black Standard used by the Abbasids 750 1258 27 and the Rashidun Caliphate nbsp Green associated with the Rashidun Caliphate 3 4 See also EditBlack Standard Islamic flags List of Arab flags Pan African colors Pan Arabism Pan Slavic colors TricolorReferences Edit Abu Khaldun Sati al Husri The days of Maysalun A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs Sidney Glauser Trans Washington D C Middle East Institute 1966 46 a b Edmund Midura March April 1978 Flags of the Arab World Saudi Aramco World 4 9 a b Teitelbaum Joshua 2001 The rise and fall of the Hashimite kingdom of Arabia New York New York University Press p 205 ISBN 1 85065 460 3 OCLC 45247314 a b Marshall Tim 2017 A flag worth dying for the power and politics of national symbols New York NY Scribner an imprint of Simon amp Schuster Inc pp 110 111 ISBN 978 1 5011 6833 8 OCLC 962006347 Znamierowski Alfred 2013 The World Encyclopedia of Flags The Definitive Guide to International Flags Banners Standards and Ensigns with Over 1400 Illustration Lorenz Books p 122 ISBN 978 0 7548 2629 3 Hathaway Jane 2003 A Tale of Two Factions Myth Memory and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen Albany New York State University of New York Press p 97 ISBN 978 0 7914 5883 9 The Ismaili Shi ite counter caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color creating a visual contrast to the Abbasid enemy Blair Sheila S Bloom Jonathan M 1999 Art and Architecture Themes and Variations In Esposito John L ed The Oxford History of Islam Oxford Oxford University Press pp 215 267 ISBN 0 19 510799 3 white was also the color associated with the Fatimid caliphs the opponents of the Abbasids Sanders Paula A 1994 Ritual Politics and the City in Fatimid Cairo SUNY series in Medieval Middle East History SUNY Press p 44 ISBN 0 7914 1781 6 wore white the Fatimid color while delivering the sermon khuṭba in the name of the Fatimid caliph Muhsin Al Musawi Reading Iraq Culture and Power in Conflict I B Tauris 2006 p 63 I Friedman British Pan Arab Policy 1915 1922 Transaction Publ 2011 p 135 a b Znamierowski Alfred 2003 Illustrated Book of Flags Southwater p 123 ISBN 1 84215 881 3 Retrieved November 22 2014 The designs of these flags were later modified but the four pan Arab colors were retained and were adopted by Transjordan 1921 Palestine 1922 Kuwait 1961 the United Arab Emirates 1971 Western Sahara 1976 and Somaliland 1996 Pan Arab Colors crwflags com M Naguib Egypt s Destiny 1955 Also used as the flag of Fujairah since 1975 a b Kingdom of Hejaz 1915 1925 Crwflags com a b c d Historical Flags Overview Syria Crwflags com a b Historical Flags Palestine Crwflags com a b Historical Flags Jordan Crwflags com Kingdom of Iraq 1924 1958 Crwflags com Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq Crwflags com a b c Evolution of the Iraqi Flag 1963 2008 Crwflags com Mahdi Abdul Hadi Al Muntadha al Adhabi Archived 2014 05 05 at the Wayback Machine passia org Mahdi Abdul Hadi Jam yiat al Arabiya al Fatat Archived 2014 05 05 at the Wayback Machine passia org a b Al Ahwaz Khuzestan Political Organizations Iran on crwflags com S T Al Seyed Naama Brief History of Ahwaz Archived 2014 07 15 at the Wayback Machine on al ahwaz com The contrast of white vs black as the Fatimid Umayyad vs Abbasid dynastic color over time developed in white as the color of Shia Islam and black as the color of Sunni Islam The proselytes of the ʿAbbasid revolution took full advantage of the eschatological expectations raised by black banners in their campaign to undermine the Umayyad dynasty from within Even after the ʿAbbasids had triumphed over the Umayyads in 750 they continued to deploy black as their dynastic color not only the banners but the headdresses and garments of the ʿAbbasid caliphs were black The ubiquitous black created a striking contrast with the banners and dynastic color of the Umayyads which had been white The Ismaili Shiʿite counter caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color creating a visual contrast to the ʿAbbasid enemy white became the Shiʿite color in deliberate opposition to the black of the ʿAbbasid establishment Jane Hathaway A Tale of Two Factions Myth Memory and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen 2012 p 97f The Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate adopted black for its rayaʾ for which their partisans were called the musawwids Tabari 1995 Jane McAuliffe ed Abbasid Authority Affirmed vol 28 SUNY p 124External links EditPan Arab colors Evolution of the Arab Flag by Dr Mahdi Abdul Hadi in Arabic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pan Arab colors amp oldid 1178197162, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.