"Volar plate" redirects here. For the equivalent structures in the foot, see Plantar plate.
In the human hand, palmar or volar plates (also referred to as palmar or volar ligaments)[1] are found in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints, where they reinforce the joint capsules, enhance joint stability, and limit hyperextension. The plates of the MCP and IP joints are structurally and functionally similar, except that in the MCP joints they are interconnected by a deep transverse ligament. In the MCP joints, they also indirectly provide stability to the longitudinal palmar arches of the hand. [2][3] The volar plate of the thumb MCP joint has a transverse longitudinal rectangular shape, shorter than those in the fingers. [4]
Palmar plate
MCP joint in extension and in flexion, palmar plate in grey
This fibrocartilaginous structure is attached to the volar base of the phalanx distal to the joint. From there, it forms a palmar continuation of the articular surface of the phalanx bone and its inner surface thus adds to the articular surface during extension. [2]
In its proximal end, the volar plate becomes membranous and blends with the volar capsule which is attached to the head of the metacarpal bone. During flexion, the plate glides proximally down the volar surface of the metacarpal head. Its flexible attachment to the phalanx bone not only prevents it from restricting joint movements, but also prevents the long flexor tendons from being pinched in the joint. [2] Flexion of the proximal phalanx is facilitated by the shape of the proximal edge, known as the volar recess,[5] but this diaphanous end of the volar plate is also the part of the metacarpophalangeal joint that is most susceptible to injury during dislocations.[6]
Due to its fibrocartilaginous composition, the plate is thus able to (1) resist tensile stresses while (2) restricting hyperextension and compression and (3) protecting the volar articular surface. [2]
Functionedit
The palmar plate moves in three phases during joint flexion. First, it slides back toward the hand. Next, it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley. Last, a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate. If the A3 pulley is not intact, the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples.[7]
Metacarpophalangeal jointsedit
In the MCP joints, the four volar plates of the fingers and the capsules within which they lie are blended with and interconnected by the deep transverse metacarpal ligament which ties the metacarpal heads together. Dorsal to this ligament on each side of the metacarpal heads are sagittal bands that connect the volar plates to the tendon of the extensor digitorum and to the extensor expansion. These bands help stabilise the volar plates over the metacarpal heads. [2]
In contrast to the volar plates of the MCP joints of the fingers, the volar plate of the thumb MCP joint is a thick structure firmly attached to the base of the proximal phalanx. It forms the bottom of a two-sided box, the sides of which are made up of the collateral ligaments. [8]
Additional imagesedit
Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Volar aspect.
Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect.
^Saito, S.; Suzuki, Y. (2011). "Biomechanics of the Volar Plate of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Dynamic Ultrasonographic Study". The Journal of Hand Surgery. 36 (2): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.10.034. hdl:2433/159397. PMID 21276889.
Austin, Noelle M. (2005). "Chapter 9: The Wrist and Hand Complex". In Levangie, Pamela K.; Norkin, Cynthia C. (eds.). Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. ISBN978-0-8036-1191-7.
Berger, Richard A.; Weiss, Arnold-Peter C. (2004). Hand Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN978-0-7817-2874-4.
Doyle, James R.; Botte, Michael J. (2003). Surgical anatomy of the hand and upper extremity. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN978-0-397-51725-1.
Gammons, Matthew (2008). "Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocation". eMedicine. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
Schmidt, Hans-Martin; Lanz, Ulrich (2003). Surgical Anatomy of the Hand. Thieme. p. 111. ISBN1-58890-007-X.
December 13, 2023
palmar, plate, volar, plate, redirects, here, equivalent, structures, foot, plantar, plate, human, hand, palmar, volar, plates, also, referred, palmar, volar, ligaments, found, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal, joints, where, they, reinforce, joint, capsul. Volar plate redirects here For the equivalent structures in the foot see Plantar plate In the human hand palmar or volar plates also referred to as palmar or volar ligaments 1 are found in the metacarpophalangeal MCP and interphalangeal IP joints where they reinforce the joint capsules enhance joint stability and limit hyperextension The plates of the MCP and IP joints are structurally and functionally similar except that in the MCP joints they are interconnected by a deep transverse ligament In the MCP joints they also indirectly provide stability to the longitudinal palmar arches of the hand 2 3 The volar plate of the thumb MCP joint has a transverse longitudinal rectangular shape shorter than those in the fingers 4 Palmar plateMCP joint in extension and in flexion palmar plate in greyDetailsIdentifiersLatinligamenta palmariaMeSHD053401TA98A03 5 11 603TA21844FMA71410Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Structure 2 Function 3 Metacarpophalangeal joints 4 Additional images 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesStructure editThis fibrocartilaginous structure is attached to the volar base of the phalanx distal to the joint From there it forms a palmar continuation of the articular surface of the phalanx bone and its inner surface thus adds to the articular surface during extension 2 In its proximal end the volar plate becomes membranous and blends with the volar capsule which is attached to the head of the metacarpal bone During flexion the plate glides proximally down the volar surface of the metacarpal head Its flexible attachment to the phalanx bone not only prevents it from restricting joint movements but also prevents the long flexor tendons from being pinched in the joint 2 Flexion of the proximal phalanx is facilitated by the shape of the proximal edge known as the volar recess 5 but this diaphanous end of the volar plate is also the part of the metacarpophalangeal joint that is most susceptible to injury during dislocations 6 Due to its fibrocartilaginous composition the plate is thus able to 1 resist tensile stresses while 2 restricting hyperextension and compression and 3 protecting the volar articular surface 2 Function editThe palmar plate moves in three phases during joint flexion First it slides back toward the hand Next it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley Last a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate If the A3 pulley is not intact the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples 7 Metacarpophalangeal joints editIn the MCP joints the four volar plates of the fingers and the capsules within which they lie are blended with and interconnected by the deep transverse metacarpal ligament which ties the metacarpal heads together Dorsal to this ligament on each side of the metacarpal heads are sagittal bands that connect the volar plates to the tendon of the extensor digitorum and to the extensor expansion These bands help stabilise the volar plates over the metacarpal heads 2 In contrast to the volar plates of the MCP joints of the fingers the volar plate of the thumb MCP joint is a thick structure firmly attached to the base of the proximal phalanx It forms the bottom of a two sided box the sides of which are made up of the collateral ligaments 8 Additional images edit nbsp Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit Volar aspect nbsp Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit Ulnar aspect See also editAnnular ligaments of fingersNotes edit In older literature they are also known as the glenoid ligaments of Cruveilhier or vaginal ligaments a b c d e Austin 2005 pp 321 22 MCP joints Austin 2005 p 324 IP joints Schmidt amp Lanz 2003 p 111 Berger amp Weiss 2004 p 175 Gammons 2008 Functional Anatomy Saito S Suzuki Y 2011 Biomechanics of the Volar Plate of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint A Dynamic Ultrasonographic Study The Journal of Hand Surgery 36 2 265 271 doi 10 1016 j jhsa 2010 10 034 hdl 2433 159397 PMID 21276889 Doyle amp Botte 2003 pp 540 41References editAustin Noelle M 2005 Chapter 9 The Wrist and Hand Complex In Levangie Pamela K Norkin Cynthia C eds Joint Structure and Function A Comprehensive Analysis 4th ed Philadelphia F A Davis Company ISBN 978 0 8036 1191 7 Berger Richard A Weiss Arnold Peter C 2004 Hand Surgery Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins ISBN 978 0 7817 2874 4 Doyle James R Botte Michael J 2003 Surgical anatomy of the hand and upper extremity Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins ISBN 978 0 397 51725 1 Gammons Matthew 2008 Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocation eMedicine Retrieved November 22 2010 Schmidt Hans Martin Lanz Ulrich 2003 Surgical Anatomy of the Hand Thieme p 111 ISBN 1 58890 007 X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Palmar plate amp oldid 1108861185, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
