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Consolidated P-30

April 15, 2024

The Consolidated P-30 (PB-2) was a 1930s United States two-seat fighter aircraft. An attack version called the A-11 was also built, along with 2 Y1P-25 prototypes and YP-27, Y1P-28, and XP-33 proposals. The P-30 is significant for being the first fighter in United States Army Air Corps service to have retractable landing gear, an enclosed and heated cockpit for the pilot, and an exhaust-driven turbo-supercharger for altitude operation.[citation needed]

P-30 (PB-2)
Consolidated P-30
Role Fighter aircraft
National origin United States
Manufacturer Consolidated Aircraft
First flight January 1934
Status Retired
Primary user United States Army Air Corps
Number built 60

Design and development edit

In 1931, the Detroit Aircraft Corporation, parent company of the Lockheed Aircraft Company, built a two-seat single-engined fighter aircraft based on the Lockheed Altair high-speed transport as a private venture. The prototype, the Detroit-Lockheed XP-900, flew in September 1931 and was purchased by the United States Army Air Corps as the Lockheed YP-24. Its performance was impressive, being faster than any fighter then in service with the Air Corps, and an order for five Y1P-24 fighters and four Y1A-9 attack aircraft was placed for the new aircraft, despite the loss of the prototype on 19 October 1931.[1][2] The Detroit Aircraft Corporation went into bankruptcy eight days later, however, leading to the cancellation of the contract.[1][3]

When the Detroit Aircraft Corporation failed, the chief designer of the YP-24, Robert J. Woods was hired by Consolidated Aircraft.[3] Woods continued to develop the YP-24, the design becoming the Consolidated Model 25, with all-metal wings replacing the wooden wings of the YP-24 and a larger tail. The Army Air Corps ordered two prototypes as the Y1P-25 in March 1932, to be powered by a Curtiss V-1570-27, fitted with a turbo-supercharger on the port side of the forward fuselage. The order for the second prototype was quickly changed to a Y1A-11 attack aircraft, omitting the supercharger.[4][5]

First to fly was the Y1P-25, which was delivered to the Air Corps on 9 December 1932. It demonstrated promising performance, reaching a speed of 247 miles per hour (398 km/h) at 15,000 feet (4,600 m), but was destroyed in a crash on 13 January 1933, killing its pilot, Capt. Hugh M. Elmendorf (whose name was later given to Elmendorf Air Base in Alaska).[4][6]

The Y1A-11, armed with four forward-firing machine guns instead of the two of the Y1P-25 and racks for 400 lb (180 kg) of bombs, was delivered to Wright Field on 5 January 1933. On 20 January 1933, the Y1A-11 disintegrated in midair, killing pilot Lt. Irvin A. Woodring.[7] Despite the loss of both prototypes in a week, on 1 March 1933, the Air Corps placed an order for four P-30 fighters and four A-11 attack aircraft. These production variants differed from the prototypes in having stronger fuselages, simplified undercarriages and more powerful engines.[3][8]

Operational history edit

The first P-30 was delivered in January 1934.[8] Testing showed that the gunner's cockpit was uncomfortable and cold at the high altitudes where the P-30 was intended to fight, while the rearward facing gunners were liable to black out when the aircraft was maneuvered.[9] Despite these concerns, on 6 December 1934, the U.S. Air Corps placed an order for a further 50 P-30As, with more powerful V-1570-61 engines driving a three-bladed variable-pitch propeller and with oxygen supplies for the crew.[10][11]

Three of the four P-30s were delivered to the 94th Pursuit Squadron at Selfridge Field in 1934. The first P-30A, by this time redesignated PB-2A (Pursuit, Biplace), made its maiden flight on 17 December 1935, with deliveries to service units starting on 28 April 1936. The last of the 50 PB-2As were completed by August that year.[11]

While intended as a high altitude fighter, the PB-2 flew relatively few high altitude flights, partly because of the discomfort for the crew. One exception took place in March 1937, when a PB-2A was flown to 39,300 feet (12,000 m) before being forced to return to lower altitudes when the aircraft's controls froze.[12] On 17 October 1936, a PB-2A flown by Lt. John M. Sterling won the Mitchell Trophy air race with a speed of 217.5 miles per hour (350.0 km/h).[13] Since the PB-2A was one of the few aircraft at the time to have retractable landing gear, they were frequently damaged in "wheels-up" landings when the pilots forgot to extend the landing gear.[14]

One PB-2A was modified to a single-seat configuration as the PB-2A Special, to compete in a 1936 Air Corps competition for a new fighter to replace the Boeing P-26 Peashooter. It was larger and heavier than the other competitors and was much more expensive.[citation needed] It crashed during testing, with the Seversky P-35 being ordered into production.[15][16] One A-11 was converted to the XA-11A testbed with the new 1,000 hp (750 kW) Allison XV-1710-7 engine.[13]

While the PB-2 was sturdy,[14] the two-seat fighter concept was obsolete by the time the aircraft entered service,[13] and by 1939, all had been replaced in front-line service by Seversky P-35 and Curtiss P-36 Hawk aircraft. The survivors remained in use as training aircraft until after the start of World War II, with the last being withdrawn from use on 2 June 1942.[17]

Variants edit

Y1P-25
Further development of Lockheed YP-24 with all-metal wing, 600 hp (450 kW) Curtiss V-1570-27 Conqueror turbo-supercharged engine. Two fixed forward firing .30 in machine guns and one flexibly mounted gun in rear cockpit. One built.[6]
Y1A-11
Ground-attack version of Y1P-25. Powered by unsupercharged engine and armament of 4x forward firing .30 in guns in nose, one in rear cockpit and up to 400 lb (180 kg) of bombs. One built.[3][7]
YP-27
Proposed variant of Y1P-25 with a 550 hp (410 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340-21G Wasp radial engine. Unbuilt.[18]
Y1P-28
Proposed variant of Y1P-25 with a 600 hp (450 kW) R-1340-19 Wasp; unbuilt.[18]
P-30
Initial production batch for Army Air Corps. 675 hp (503 kW) Curtiss V-1570-57 turbo-supercharged engine. Four built, later redesignated PB-2.[3][15]
 
The last of the four Consolidated A-11s
A-11
Initial production ground-attack aircraft, with unsupercharged V-1570-59 engine. Four built.[3]
P-30A
Main production fighter powered by a 700 hp (520 kW) turbo-supercharged Curtiss V-1570-61 engine; 50 built, redesignated PB-2A.[15]
 
The PB-2A Special
PB-2A Special
Seventh PB-2A modified to single-seat configuration. Crashed during flight testing.
XP-33
Proposed version with a 800 hp (600 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1830-1 Twin Wasp engine; unbuilt.[15]
XA-11A
Conversion of A-11 as testbed for 1,000 hp (750 kW) Allison XV-1710-7. One converted.[13]

Specifications (PB-2A) edit

Data from Singular Two-Seater[11]

General characteristics

  • Crew: two
  • Length: 30 ft 0 in (9.14 m)
  • Wingspan: 43 ft 11 in (13.38 m)
  • Height: 8 ft 3 in (2.51 m)
  • Wing area: 297 sq ft (27.6 m2)
  • Empty weight: 4,306 lb (1,950 kg)
  • Gross weight: 5,623 lb (2,556 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Curtiss V-1570-61 Conqueror liquid-cooled V12 engine, 700 hp (520 kW)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 275 mph (443 km/h, 239 kn) at 25,000 ft (7,600 m)[15]
  • Cruise speed: 215 mph (346 km/h, 187 kn) at {15,000 ft (4,600 m)
  • Range: 508 mi (818 km, 442 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 28,000 ft (8,530 m)
  • Climb to 15,000 ft (4,600 m): 7 min 48 s

Armament

  • Guns:
    • 2 x 0.30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns firing through the propeller
    • 1 x 0.30 in (7.62 mm) machine gun in the rear cockpit
  • Bombs: 170 lb (77 kg) bombs

See also edit

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Francillon 1982, pp. 114–115.
  2. ^ Angelucci and Bowers 1987, p. 262.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Wegg 1990, p. 68.
  4. ^ a b Pelletier 2000, p. 2.
  5. ^ Angelucci and Bowers 1987, pp. 95–96.
  6. ^ a b Dorr and Donald 1990, p. 51.
  7. ^ a b Pelletier 2002, pp. 2–3.
  8. ^ a b Pelletier 2002, p. 3.
  9. ^ Dorr and Donald 1990, p. 57.
  10. ^ Wegg 1990, pp. 68–69.
  11. ^ a b c Pelletier 2000, p. 5
  12. ^ Pelletier 2002, p. 10.
  13. ^ a b c d Wegg 1990, p. 69.
  14. ^ a b Pelletier 2002, p. 9.
  15. ^ a b c d e Angelucci and Bowers 1987, p. 97.
  16. ^ Green and Swanborough 1979, p. 11.
  17. ^ Pelletier 2002, p. 11.
  18. ^ a b Angelucci and Bowers 1987, p. 96.

Bibliography edit

  • Angelucci, Enzo. and Peter M. Bowers. The American Fighter. New York: Orion Books, 1987. ISBN 0-517-56588-9.
  • Dorr, Robert F. and David Donald. Fighters of the United States Air Force. London: Temple Press/Aerospace, 1990. ISBN 0-600-55094-X
  • Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. London: Putnam, 1982. ISBN 0-370-30329-6.
  • Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. "The end of the beginning ... The Seversky P-35". Air Enthusiast Ten, July–September 1979, pp. 8–21.
  • Pelletier, Alain J. "Singular Two-Seater: Consolidated's PB-2A – The USAAC's Only Two-Seat Fighter". Air Enthusiast No. 85, January/February 2000, pp. 2–11. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft Since 1909. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1989. ISBN 0-87474-880-1.
  • Wegg, John. General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-833-X.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Consolidated P-30.
  • Consolidated P-30/PB-2A

April 15, 2024
consolidated, 1930s, united, states, seat, fighter, aircraft, attack, version, called, also, built, along, with, prototypes, proposals, significant, being, first, fighter, united, states, army, corps, service, have, retractable, landing, gear, enclosed, heated. The Consolidated P 30 PB 2 was a 1930s United States two seat fighter aircraft An attack version called the A 11 was also built along with 2 Y1P 25 prototypes and YP 27 Y1P 28 and XP 33 proposals The P 30 is significant for being the first fighter in United States Army Air Corps service to have retractable landing gear an enclosed and heated cockpit for the pilot and an exhaust driven turbo supercharger for altitude operation citation needed P 30 PB 2 Consolidated P 30Role Fighter aircraftNational origin United StatesManufacturer Consolidated AircraftFirst flight January 1934Status RetiredPrimary user United States Army Air CorpsNumber built 60 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Specifications PB 2A 5 See also 6 Notes 7 Bibliography 8 External linksDesign and development editIn 1931 the Detroit Aircraft Corporation parent company of the Lockheed Aircraft Company built a two seat single engined fighter aircraft based on the Lockheed Altair high speed transport as a private venture The prototype the Detroit Lockheed XP 900 flew in September 1931 and was purchased by the United States Army Air Corps as the Lockheed YP 24 Its performance was impressive being faster than any fighter then in service with the Air Corps and an order for five Y1P 24 fighters and four Y1A 9 attack aircraft was placed for the new aircraft despite the loss of the prototype on 19 October 1931 1 2 The Detroit Aircraft Corporation went into bankruptcy eight days later however leading to the cancellation of the contract 1 3 When the Detroit Aircraft Corporation failed the chief designer of the YP 24 Robert J Woods was hired by Consolidated Aircraft 3 Woods continued to develop the YP 24 the design becoming the Consolidated Model 25 with all metal wings replacing the wooden wings of the YP 24 and a larger tail The Army Air Corps ordered two prototypes as the Y1P 25 in March 1932 to be powered by a Curtiss V 1570 27 fitted with a turbo supercharger on the port side of the forward fuselage The order for the second prototype was quickly changed to a Y1A 11 attack aircraft omitting the supercharger 4 5 First to fly was the Y1P 25 which was delivered to the Air Corps on 9 December 1932 It demonstrated promising performance reaching a speed of 247 miles per hour 398 km h at 15 000 feet 4 600 m but was destroyed in a crash on 13 January 1933 killing its pilot Capt Hugh M Elmendorf whose name was later given to Elmendorf Air Base in Alaska 4 6 The Y1A 11 armed with four forward firing machine guns instead of the two of the Y1P 25 and racks for 400 lb 180 kg of bombs was delivered to Wright Field on 5 January 1933 On 20 January 1933 the Y1A 11 disintegrated in midair killing pilot Lt Irvin A Woodring 7 Despite the loss of both prototypes in a week on 1 March 1933 the Air Corps placed an order for four P 30 fighters and four A 11 attack aircraft These production variants differed from the prototypes in having stronger fuselages simplified undercarriages and more powerful engines 3 8 Operational history editThe first P 30 was delivered in January 1934 8 Testing showed that the gunner s cockpit was uncomfortable and cold at the high altitudes where the P 30 was intended to fight while the rearward facing gunners were liable to black out when the aircraft was maneuvered 9 Despite these concerns on 6 December 1934 the U S Air Corps placed an order for a further 50 P 30As with more powerful V 1570 61 engines driving a three bladed variable pitch propeller and with oxygen supplies for the crew 10 11 Three of the four P 30s were delivered to the 94th Pursuit Squadron at Selfridge Field in 1934 The first P 30A by this time redesignated PB 2A Pursuit Biplace made its maiden flight on 17 December 1935 with deliveries to service units starting on 28 April 1936 The last of the 50 PB 2As were completed by August that year 11 While intended as a high altitude fighter the PB 2 flew relatively few high altitude flights partly because of the discomfort for the crew One exception took place in March 1937 when a PB 2A was flown to 39 300 feet 12 000 m before being forced to return to lower altitudes when the aircraft s controls froze 12 On 17 October 1936 a PB 2A flown by Lt John M Sterling won the Mitchell Trophy air race with a speed of 217 5 miles per hour 350 0 km h 13 Since the PB 2A was one of the few aircraft at the time to have retractable landing gear they were frequently damaged in wheels up landings when the pilots forgot to extend the landing gear 14 One PB 2A was modified to a single seat configuration as the PB 2A Special to compete in a 1936 Air Corps competition for a new fighter to replace the Boeing P 26 Peashooter It was larger and heavier than the other competitors and was much more expensive citation needed It crashed during testing with the Seversky P 35 being ordered into production 15 16 One A 11 was converted to the XA 11A testbed with the new 1 000 hp 750 kW Allison XV 1710 7 engine 13 While the PB 2 was sturdy 14 the two seat fighter concept was obsolete by the time the aircraft entered service 13 and by 1939 all had been replaced in front line service by Seversky P 35 and Curtiss P 36 Hawk aircraft The survivors remained in use as training aircraft until after the start of World War II with the last being withdrawn from use on 2 June 1942 17 Variants editY1P 25 Further development of Lockheed YP 24 with all metal wing 600 hp 450 kW Curtiss V 1570 27 Conqueror turbo supercharged engine Two fixed forward firing 30 in machine guns and one flexibly mounted gun in rear cockpit One built 6 Y1A 11 Ground attack version of Y1P 25 Powered by unsupercharged engine and armament of 4x forward firing 30 in guns in nose one in rear cockpit and up to 400 lb 180 kg of bombs One built 3 7 YP 27 Proposed variant of Y1P 25 with a 550 hp 410 kW Pratt amp Whitney R 1340 21G Wasp radial engine Unbuilt 18 Y1P 28 Proposed variant of Y1P 25 with a 600 hp 450 kW R 1340 19 Wasp unbuilt 18 P 30 Initial production batch for Army Air Corps 675 hp 503 kW Curtiss V 1570 57 turbo supercharged engine Four built later redesignated PB 2 3 15 nbsp The last of the four Consolidated A 11sA 11 Initial production ground attack aircraft with unsupercharged V 1570 59 engine Four built 3 P 30A Main production fighter powered by a 700 hp 520 kW turbo supercharged Curtiss V 1570 61 engine 50 built redesignated PB 2A 15 nbsp The PB 2A SpecialPB 2A Special Seventh PB 2A modified to single seat configuration Crashed during flight testing XP 33 Proposed version with a 800 hp 600 kW Pratt amp Whitney R 1830 1 Twin Wasp engine unbuilt 15 XA 11A Conversion of A 11 as testbed for 1 000 hp 750 kW Allison XV 1710 7 One converted 13 Specifications PB 2A editData from Singular Two Seater 11 General characteristicsCrew two Length 30 ft 0 in 9 14 m Wingspan 43 ft 11 in 13 38 m Height 8 ft 3 in 2 51 m Wing area 297 sq ft 27 6 m2 Empty weight 4 306 lb 1 950 kg Gross weight 5 623 lb 2 556 kg Powerplant 1 Curtiss V 1570 61 Conqueror liquid cooled V12 engine 700 hp 520 kW Performance Maximum speed 275 mph 443 km h 239 kn at 25 000 ft 7 600 m 15 Cruise speed 215 mph 346 km h 187 kn at 15 000 ft 4 600 m Range 508 mi 818 km 442 nmi Service ceiling 28 000 ft 8 530 m Climb to 15 000 ft 4 600 m 7 min 48 sArmament Guns 2 x 0 30 in 7 62 mm machine guns firing through the propeller 1 x 0 30 in 7 62 mm machine gun in the rear cockpit Bombs 170 lb 77 kg bombsSee also editRelated development Lockheed YP 24Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era Fairey BattleRelated lists List of fighter aircraft List of military aircraft of the United StatesNotes edit a b Francillon 1982 pp 114 115 Angelucci and Bowers 1987 p 262 a b c d e f Wegg 1990 p 68 a b Pelletier 2000 p 2 Angelucci and Bowers 1987 pp 95 96 a b Dorr and Donald 1990 p 51 a b Pelletier 2002 pp 2 3 a b Pelletier 2002 p 3 Dorr and Donald 1990 p 57 Wegg 1990 pp 68 69 a b c Pelletier 2000 p 5 Pelletier 2002 p 10 a b c d Wegg 1990 p 69 a b Pelletier 2002 p 9 a b c d e Angelucci and Bowers 1987 p 97 Green and Swanborough 1979 p 11 Pelletier 2002 p 11 a b Angelucci and Bowers 1987 p 96 Bibliography editAngelucci Enzo and Peter M Bowers The American Fighter New York Orion Books 1987 ISBN 0 517 56588 9 Dorr Robert F and David Donald Fighters of the United States Air Force London Temple Press Aerospace 1990 ISBN 0 600 55094 X Francillon Rene J Lockheed Aircraft since 1913 London Putnam 1982 ISBN 0 370 30329 6 Green William and Gordon Swanborough The end of the beginning The Seversky P 35 Air Enthusiast Ten July September 1979 pp 8 21 Pelletier Alain J Singular Two Seater Consolidated s PB 2A The USAAC s Only Two Seat Fighter Air Enthusiast No 85 January February 2000 pp 2 11 ISSN 0143 5450 Swanborough Gordon and Peter M Bowers United States Military Aircraft Since 1909 Washington D C Smithsonian 1989 ISBN 0 87474 880 1 Wegg John General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors London Putnam 1990 ISBN 0 85177 833 X External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Consolidated P 30 Consolidated P 30 PB 2A National Museum of the USAF fact sheet Consolidated P 30 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Consolidated P 30 amp oldid 1213589456, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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