The Ubangi River (/(j)uːˈbæŋɡi/), also spelled Oubangui, (Swahili: Mto Ubangi, French: Fleuve Oubangui) is the largest right-bank tributary of the Congo River in the region of Central Africa. It begins at the confluence of the Mbomou (mean annual discharge 1,350 m3/s) and Uele Rivers (mean annual discharge 1,550 m3/s) and flows west, forming the border between Central African Republic (CAR) and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Subsequently, the Ubangi bends to the southwest and passes through Bangui, the capital of the CAR, after which it flows south – forming the border between Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo. The Ubangi finally joins the Congo River at Liranga.
The Ubangi's length is about 1,060 km (660 mi). Its total length with the Uele, its longest tributary, is 2,270 km (1,410 mi). The Ubangi's drainage basin is about 651,915 km2 (251,706 sq mi). Mean annual discharge at mouth 5,936 m3/s. Its discharge at Bangui ranges from about 800 m3/s (28,000 cu ft/s) to 11,000 m3/s (390,000 cu ft/s), with an average flow of about ~4,000 m3/s (140,000 cu ft/s).[3] It is believed that the Ubangi's upper reaches originally flowed into the Chari River and Lake Chad before being captured by the Congo in the early Pleistocene.[5]
Together with the Congo River, it provides an important transport artery for river boats between Bangui and Brazzaville. From its source to 100 km (62 mi) below Bangui, the Ubangi defines the boundary between the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Thereafter, it forms the boundary between the DRC and the Republic of Congo until it empties into the Congo River.
In the 1960s,[6][7] a plan was proposed to divert waters from the Ubangi to the Chari River. According to the plan, named Transaqua, the water from the Ubangi would revitalize Lake Chad and provide a livelihood in fishing and enhanced agriculture to tens of millions of central Africans and Sahelians. Inter-basin water transfer schemes were proposed in the 1980s and 1990s by Nigerian engineer J.Umolu and the Italian firm Bonifica.[8][9][10][11][12]
In 1994, the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) proposed a similar project, and at a March 2008 summit the heads of state of the LCBC member countries committed to the diversion project.[13] In April 2008, the LCBC advertised a request for proposals for a feasibility study.
Referencesedit
^ abcBecker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. Bibcode:2018IJAEO..66..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. S2CID 6873734.
^ abcdBossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 338. ISBN978-92-5-102983-1.
^See Cooper, John E. and Hull, Gordon; Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials, p. 371 ISBN9780128020395
^Ley, Willy (1960). Engineers' Dreams Great Projects That COULD Come True. Viking Press.
^Zarembka, David (24 June 2019). "Refilling Lake Chad With Water From The Congo River Using Solar Power". Cleantechnica. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
^"Journal of Environmental Hydrology, Vol. 7, 1999" (PDF).
^Fred Pearce. . Archived from the original on 2009-03-31.
^Umolu, J. C.; 1990, Macro Perspectives for Nigeria’s Water Resources Planning, Proc. of the First Biennial National Hydrology Symposium, Maiduguri, Nigeria, pp. 218–262 (discussion of Ubangi-Lake Chad diversion schemes)
^The Changing Geography of Africa and the Middle East By Graham Chapman, Kathleen M. Baker, University of London School of Oriental and African Studies, 1992 Routledge. ISBN0-415-05709-4
ubangi, river, also, spelled, oubangui, swahili, ubangi, french, fleuve, oubangui, largest, right, bank, tributary, congo, river, region, central, africa, begins, confluence, mbomou, mean, annual, discharge, uele, rivers, mean, annual, discharge, flows, west, . The Ubangi River j uː ˈ b ae ŋ ɡ i also spelled Oubangui Swahili Mto Ubangi French Fleuve Oubangui is the largest right bank tributary of the Congo River in the region of Central Africa It begins at the confluence of the Mbomou mean annual discharge 1 350 m3 s and Uele Rivers mean annual discharge 1 550 m3 s and flows west forming the border between Central African Republic CAR and Democratic Republic of the Congo Subsequently the Ubangi bends to the southwest and passes through Bangui the capital of the CAR after which it flows south forming the border between Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo The Ubangi finally joins the Congo River at Liranga Ubangi RiverOubanguiUbangi River at the outskirts of BanguiMap showing the Ubangi River drainage basinPhysical characteristicsSourceConfluence of Uele and Mbomou coordinates4 7 41 2824 N 22 25 59 682 E 4 128134000 N 22 43324500 E 4 128134000 22 43324500 elevation395 m 1 296 ft MouthCongo River coordinates0 30 25 0992 S 17 42 20 4084 E 0 506972000 S 17 705669000 E 0 506972000 17 705669000 elevation294 m 965 ft Length1 060 km 660 mi to 1 120 km 700 mi 1 Basin size648 280 5 km2 250 302 5 sq mi 2 to 651 915 km2 251 706 sq mi 1 Discharge locationNear mouth average Period 1971 2000 5 630 4 m3 s 198 840 cu ft s 2 Period 1911 1994 5 936 m3 s 209 600 cu ft s 1 minimum1 000 m3 s 35 000 cu ft s maximum15 500 m3 s 550 000 cu ft s Discharge locationBangui 550 km upstream of mouth Basin size 493 266 9 km2 190 451 4 sq mi average Period 1971 2000 4 004 m3 s 141 400 cu ft s 2 Period 1911 1994 4 092 m3 s 144 500 cu ft s 4 4 000 m3 s 140 000 cu ft s 3 minimum800 m3 s 28 000 cu ft s 3 Period 1911 1994 930 m3 s 33 000 cu ft s 4 maximum11 000 m3 s 390 000 cu ft s 3 Period 1911 1994 9 115 m3 s 321 900 cu ft s 4 Discharge locationYakoma 1 120 km upstream of mouth Basin size 308 763 1 km2 119 214 1 sq mi average Period 1971 2000 2 799 m3 s 98 800 cu ft s 2 Basin featuresProgressionCongo Atlantic OceanRiver systemCongo RiverTributaries leftUele Lua Giri rightMbomou Kotto Ouaka Mpoko LobayeThe Ubangi s length is about 1 060 km 660 mi Its total length with the Uele its longest tributary is 2 270 km 1 410 mi The Ubangi s drainage basin is about 651 915 km2 251 706 sq mi Mean annual discharge at mouth 5 936 m3 s Its discharge at Bangui ranges from about 800 m3 s 28 000 cu ft s to 11 000 m3 s 390 000 cu ft s with an average flow of about 4 000 m3 s 140 000 cu ft s 3 It is believed that the Ubangi s upper reaches originally flowed into the Chari River and Lake Chad before being captured by the Congo in the early Pleistocene 5 Together with the Congo River it provides an important transport artery for river boats between Bangui and Brazzaville From its source to 100 km 62 mi below Bangui the Ubangi defines the boundary between the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo DRC Thereafter it forms the boundary between the DRC and the Republic of Congo until it empties into the Congo River Transaqua scheme in red Lake Chad replenishment project editMain article Lake Chad replenishment project In the 1960s 6 7 a plan was proposed to divert waters from the Ubangi to the Chari River According to the plan named Transaqua the water from the Ubangi would revitalize Lake Chad and provide a livelihood in fishing and enhanced agriculture to tens of millions of central Africans and Sahelians Inter basin water transfer schemes were proposed in the 1980s and 1990s by Nigerian engineer J Umolu and the Italian firm Bonifica 8 9 10 11 12 In 1994 the Lake Chad Basin Commission LCBC proposed a similar project and at a March 2008 summit the heads of state of the LCBC member countries committed to the diversion project 13 In April 2008 the LCBC advertised a request for proposals for a feasibility study References edit a b c Becker M Papa F Frappart F Alsdorf D Calmant S Da Silva J Santos Prigent C Seyler F 2018 Satellite based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 66 196 209 Bibcode 2018IJAEO 66 196B doi 10 1016 j jag 2017 11 015 S2CID 6873734 a b c d Congo River a b c d Bossche J P vanden G M Bernacsek 1990 Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa Volume 1 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations p 338 ISBN 978 92 5 102983 1 a b c Zaire Bangui See Cooper John E and Hull Gordon Gorilla Pathology and Health With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials p 371 ISBN 9780128020395 Ley Willy 1960 Engineers Dreams Great Projects That COULD Come True Viking Press Zarembka David 24 June 2019 Refilling Lake Chad With Water From The Congo River Using Solar Power Cleantechnica Retrieved 25 June 2019 Journal of Environmental Hydrology Vol 7 1999 PDF Fred Pearce Africa at a watershed Archived from the original on 2009 03 31 Umolu J C 1990 Macro Perspectives for Nigeria s Water Resources Planning Proc of the First Biennial National Hydrology Symposium Maiduguri Nigeria pp 218 262 discussion of Ubangi Lake Chad diversion schemes The Changing Geography of Africa and the Middle East By Graham Chapman Kathleen M Baker University of London School of Oriental and African Studies 1992 Routledge ISBN 0 415 05709 4 Combating Climate Induced Water And Energy Deficiencies In West Central Africa Ubangi Lake Chad Inter basin transfer Archived from the original on 2011 05 26 Voice of America News March 28 2008 African Leaders Team Up to Rescue Lake Chad External links editMap showing the Ubangi Subbasin at World Resources Institute International Commission of the Congo Oubangui Sangha Bassin 0 30 S 17 42 E 0 500 S 17 700 E 0 500 17 700 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ubangi River amp oldid 1221711599, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
