fbpx
Wikipedia

Ottó Bláthy

April 06, 2023

The native form of this personal name is Bláthy Ottó. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

Ottó Titusz Bláthy (11 August 1860 – 26 September 1939) was a Hungarian electrical engineer. In his career, he became the co-inventor of the modern electric transformer,[1][2] the tension regulator,[3] the AC watt-hour meter.[3][4]motor capacitor for the single-phase (AC) electric motor,[citation needed] the turbo generator,[5] and the high-efficiency turbo generator.[citation needed]

Ottó Bláthy
Bláthy Ottó
Born(1860-08-11)11 August 1860
Tata, Hungary
Died26 September 1939(1939-09-26) (aged 79)
Budapest, Hungary
NationalityHungarian
Known forElectric transformer, parallel AC connection, and AC electricity meter
Scientific career
FieldsElectrical engineering
Prototypes of the world's first high-efficiency transformers, 1885 (Széchenyi István Memorial Exhibition Nagycenk)
Bláthy's Wattmeter (1889)
Ottó Bláthy in the armature of a Ganz turbo generator (1904)

Bláthy's career as an inventor began during his time at the Ganz Works in 1883. There, he conducted experiments for creating a transformer. The name "transformer" was created by Bláthy.[citation needed] In 1885 the ZBD model alternating-current transformer was invented by three Hungarian engineers: Ottó Bláthy, Miksa Déri and Károly Zipernowsky. (ZBD comes from the initials of their names). In the autumn of 1889 he patented the AC watt-meter.[6]

Early life

He attended schools in Tata and Vienna, where he obtained diploma of machinery in 1882. Between 1881 and 1883 he worked at the machinery workshop of the Hungarian Railways (MAV). Attracted by the successes of Károly Zipernowsky, he joined his team on 1 July 1883. He admitted he had learnt nothing about electrotechnics in university, so he started to learn about the theory himself. Using the Maxwell equations he invented a practical approach of sizing magnetic coils. Kapp and Hopkinson (for whom Hopkinson's law is named) published their findings only later in 1886 and 1887, respectively.

Professional life

His practical calculation method was crucial in building the first practical transformer. Based on his findings, he rebuilt his machines in 1883 and obtained better efficiency with the same weight. He was the first to investigate the heat dissipation problems of electric motors, and at that time the connection between current density and heat was determined.

At the Turin Italian National Exhibition in 1884, he saw Gaulard and Gibbs's "secondary generator"' (i.e. AC transformer) system, and he decided to improve it. Including a closed-loop magnetic field, based on the findings of Faraday, he conducted experiments with Miksa Déri in the summer of 1884 at the Ganz factory. Based on these experiments, they invented the transformer in 1885, which was unveiled at the Budapest National Exhibition in 1885. In the autumn of 1884, Károly Zipernowsky, Ottó Bláthy and Miksa Déri (ZBD), three Hungarian engineers associated with the Ganz Works, had determined that open-core devices were impracticable, as they were incapable of reliably regulating voltage.[7] In their joint 1885 patent applications for novel transformers (later called ZBD transformers), they described two designs with closed magnetic circuits where copper windings were either wound around an iron wire ring core or surrounded by an iron wire core.[8] The two designs were the first application of the two basic transformer constructions in common use to this day, termed "core form" or "shell form" .[9] The Ganz factory had also in the autumn of 1884 made delivery of the world's first five high-efficiency AC transformers, the first of these units having been shipped on September 16, 1884.[10] This first unit had been manufactured to the following specifications: 1,400 W, 40 Hz, 120:72 V, 11.6:19.4 A, ratio 1.67:1, one-phase, shell form.[10]

In both designs, the magnetic flux linking the primary and secondary windings traveled almost entirely within the confines of the iron core, with no intentional path through air (see Toroidal cores below). The new transformers were 3.4 times more efficient than the open-core bipolar devices of Gaulard and Gibbs.[11] The ZBD patents included two other major interrelated innovations: one concerning the use of parallel connected, instead of series connected, utilization loads, the other concerning the ability to have high turns ratio transformers such that the supply network voltage could be much higher (initially 1,400 to 2,000 V) than the voltage of utilization loads (100 V initially preferred).[12][13] When employed in parallel connected electric distribution systems, closed-core transformers finally made it technically and economically feasible to provide electric power for lighting in homes, businesses and public spaces. Bláthy had suggested the use of closed cores, Zipernowsky had suggested the use of parallel shunt connections, and Déri had performed the experiments;[14] In early 1885, the three engineers also eliminated the problem of eddy current losses with the invention of the lamination of electromagnetic cores.[15]

The first specimen of the AC kilowatt-hour meter produced on the basis of Hungarian Ottó Bláthy's patent and named after him was presented by the Ganz Works at the Frankfurt Fair in the autumn of 1889, and the first induction kilowatt-hour meter was already marketed by the factory at the end of the same year. These were the first alternating-current watt-hour meters, known by the name of Bláthy-meters.[16] The AC kilowatt hour meters used at present operate on the same principle as Bláthy's original invention.[6][17][18][19]

In 1886 Blathy undertook a journey to America, where he also visited the Edison Works. It was there that he observed that the parameters of the exciting coils of the machines to be produced were established on the basis of empirically set charts. Blathy proved that these data can be derived from rigorous calculations as well, thus winning the admiration of the engineers at the factory. He did not stay in America for a long time.

Based on the opinions of Galileo Ferraris, the Italian government ordered a power transformer for Rome, which was installed in October 1886. Later, they designed a power plant for Tivoli, built by Ganz, with six water turbines and 5000 V, which were worked in parallel with the old steam engine generators. This was the first time in history two high-voltage power plants were connected.

Chess works

Besides his scientific work, Bláthy is well known as an author of chess problems. He specialized in the field of very long moremovers, also known as longmovers. (see grotesque (chess) for one of his problems).

References

  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. ^ Guarnieri, M. (2013). "Who Invented the Transformer?". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 7 (4): 56–59. doi:10.1109/MIE.2013.2283834.
  3. ^ a b . Incredible People. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
  4. ^ Eugenii Katz. . People.clarkson.edu. Archived from the original on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  5. ^ . 25 February 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  6. ^ a b Ricks, G.W.D. (March 1896). "Electricity Supply Meters". Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. 25 (120): 57–77. doi:10.1049/jiee-1.1896.0005. Student paper read on 24 January 1896 at the Students' Meeting.
  7. ^ Hughes 1993, pp. 95–96
  8. ^ Uppenborn, F. J. (1889). History of the Transformer. London: E. & F. N. Spon. pp. 35–41.
  9. ^ Lucas, J.R. "Historical Development of the Transformer" (PDF). IEE Sri Lanka Centre. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  10. ^ a b Halacsy, Von Fuchs & April 1961, pp. 121–125
  11. ^ Jeszenszky, Sándor. "Electrostatics and Electrodynamics at Pest University in the Mid-19th Century" (PDF). University of Pavia. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  12. ^ . Institute for Developing Alternative Energy in Latin America. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  13. ^ "Bláthy, Ottó Titusz". Budapest University of Technology and Economics, National Technical Information Centre and Library. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  14. ^ Smil, Vaclav (2005). Creating the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867–1914 and Their Lasting Impact. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-19-803774-3. ZBD transformer.
  15. ^ Electrical Society of Cornell University (1896). Proceedings of the Electrical Society of Cornell University. Andrus & Church. p. 39.
  16. ^ Eugenii Katz. . People.clarkson.edu. Archived from the original on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  17. ^ The Electrical engineer, Volume 5. (February, 1890)
  18. ^ The Electrician, Volume 50. 1923
  19. ^ Official gazette of the United States Patent Office: Volume 50. (1890)

External links

  • Bláthy's Inventions [1]
  • Technical University of Budapest, "".Budapest, 1996 .
  • Blathy's problems on PDB Server
  • Biography and inventions of Otto Titusz Bláthy
  • Evgeny Katz (24 March 2007). . Clarkson University. Archived from the original on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2009.

April 06, 2023
ottó, bláthy, native, form, this, personal, name, bláthy, ottó, this, article, uses, western, name, order, when, mentioning, individuals, ottó, titusz, bláthy, august, 1860, september, 1939, hungarian, electrical, engineer, career, became, inventor, modern, el. The native form of this personal name is Blathy Otto This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals Otto Titusz Blathy 11 August 1860 26 September 1939 was a Hungarian electrical engineer In his career he became the co inventor of the modern electric transformer 1 2 the tension regulator 3 the AC watt hour meter 3 4 motor capacitor for the single phase AC electric motor citation needed the turbo generator 5 and the high efficiency turbo generator citation needed Otto BlathyBlathy OttoBorn 1860 08 11 11 August 1860Tata HungaryDied26 September 1939 1939 09 26 aged 79 Budapest HungaryNationalityHungarianKnown forElectric transformer parallel AC connection and AC electricity meterScientific careerFieldsElectrical engineeringPrototypes of the world s first high efficiency transformers 1885 Szechenyi Istvan Memorial Exhibition Nagycenk Blathy s Wattmeter 1889 Otto Blathy in the armature of a Ganz turbo generator 1904 Blathy s career as an inventor began during his time at the Ganz Works in 1883 There he conducted experiments for creating a transformer The name transformer was created by Blathy citation needed In 1885 the ZBD model alternating current transformer was invented by three Hungarian engineers Otto Blathy Miksa Deri and Karoly Zipernowsky ZBD comes from the initials of their names In the autumn of 1889 he patented the AC watt meter 6 Contents 1 Early life 2 Professional life 3 Chess works 4 References 5 External linksEarly life EditHe attended schools in Tata and Vienna where he obtained diploma of machinery in 1882 Between 1881 and 1883 he worked at the machinery workshop of the Hungarian Railways MAV Attracted by the successes of Karoly Zipernowsky he joined his team on 1 July 1883 He admitted he had learnt nothing about electrotechnics in university so he started to learn about the theory himself Using the Maxwell equations he invented a practical approach of sizing magnetic coils Kapp and Hopkinson for whom Hopkinson s law is named published their findings only later in 1886 and 1887 respectively Professional life EditHis practical calculation method was crucial in building the first practical transformer Based on his findings he rebuilt his machines in 1883 and obtained better efficiency with the same weight He was the first to investigate the heat dissipation problems of electric motors and at that time the connection between current density and heat was determined At the Turin Italian National Exhibition in 1884 he saw Gaulard and Gibbs s secondary generator i e AC transformer system and he decided to improve it Including a closed loop magnetic field based on the findings of Faraday he conducted experiments with Miksa Deri in the summer of 1884 at the Ganz factory Based on these experiments they invented the transformer in 1885 which was unveiled at the Budapest National Exhibition in 1885 In the autumn of 1884 Karoly Zipernowsky Otto Blathy and Miksa Deri ZBD three Hungarian engineers associated with the Ganz Works had determined that open core devices were impracticable as they were incapable of reliably regulating voltage 7 In their joint 1885 patent applications for novel transformers later called ZBD transformers they described two designs with closed magnetic circuits where copper windings were either wound around an iron wire ring core or surrounded by an iron wire core 8 The two designs were the first application of the two basic transformer constructions in common use to this day termed core form or shell form 9 The Ganz factory had also in the autumn of 1884 made delivery of the world s first five high efficiency AC transformers the first of these units having been shipped on September 16 1884 10 This first unit had been manufactured to the following specifications 1 400 W 40 Hz 120 72 V 11 6 19 4 A ratio 1 67 1 one phase shell form 10 In both designs the magnetic flux linking the primary and secondary windings traveled almost entirely within the confines of the iron core with no intentional path through air see Toroidal cores below The new transformers were 3 4 times more efficient than the open core bipolar devices of Gaulard and Gibbs 11 The ZBD patents included two other major interrelated innovations one concerning the use of parallel connected instead of series connected utilization loads the other concerning the ability to have high turns ratio transformers such that the supply network voltage could be much higher initially 1 400 to 2 000 V than the voltage of utilization loads 100 V initially preferred 12 13 When employed in parallel connected electric distribution systems closed core transformers finally made it technically and economically feasible to provide electric power for lighting in homes businesses and public spaces Blathy had suggested the use of closed cores Zipernowsky had suggested the use of parallel shunt connections and Deri had performed the experiments 14 In early 1885 the three engineers also eliminated the problem of eddy current losses with the invention of the lamination of electromagnetic cores 15 The first specimen of the AC kilowatt hour meter produced on the basis of Hungarian Otto Blathy s patent and named after him was presented by the Ganz Works at the Frankfurt Fair in the autumn of 1889 and the first induction kilowatt hour meter was already marketed by the factory at the end of the same year These were the first alternating current watt hour meters known by the name of Blathy meters 16 The AC kilowatt hour meters used at present operate on the same principle as Blathy s original invention 6 17 18 19 In 1886 Blathy undertook a journey to America where he also visited the Edison Works It was there that he observed that the parameters of the exciting coils of the machines to be produced were established on the basis of empirically set charts Blathy proved that these data can be derived from rigorous calculations as well thus winning the admiration of the engineers at the factory He did not stay in America for a long time Based on the opinions of Galileo Ferraris the Italian government ordered a power transformer for Rome which was installed in October 1886 Later they designed a power plant for Tivoli built by Ganz with six water turbines and 5000 V which were worked in parallel with the old steam engine generators This was the first time in history two high voltage power plants were connected Chess works EditBesides his scientific work Blathy is well known as an author of chess problems He specialized in the field of very long moremovers also known as longmovers see grotesque chess for one of his problems References Edit Encyclopaedia Britannica Guarnieri M 2013 Who Invented the Transformer IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 7 4 56 59 doi 10 1109 MIE 2013 2283834 a b Biography of Otto Titusz Blathy Incredible People Archived from the original on 12 April 2013 Retrieved 28 September 2010 Eugenii Katz Blathy People clarkson edu Archived from the original on 25 June 2008 Retrieved 4 August 2009 Otto Titusz Blathy Biography World Famous Biographies Biographies of famous people Famous People biography 25 February 2012 Archived from the original on 25 February 2012 Retrieved 10 February 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Ricks G W D March 1896 Electricity Supply Meters Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 25 120 57 77 doi 10 1049 jiee 1 1896 0005 Student paper read on 24 January 1896 at the Students Meeting Hughes 1993 pp 95 96harvnb error no target CITEREFHughes1993 help Uppenborn F J 1889 History of the Transformer London E amp F N Spon pp 35 41 Lucas J R Historical Development of the Transformer PDF IEE Sri Lanka Centre Retrieved 1 March 2012 a b Halacsy Von Fuchs amp April 1961 pp 121 125harvnb error no target CITEREFHalacsyVon FuchsApril 1961 help Jeszenszky Sandor Electrostatics and Electrodynamics at Pest University in the Mid 19th Century PDF University of Pavia Retrieved 3 March 2012 Hungarian Inventors and Their Inventions Institute for Developing Alternative Energy in Latin America Archived from the original on 22 March 2012 Retrieved 3 March 2012 Blathy Otto Titusz Budapest University of Technology and Economics National Technical Information Centre and Library Retrieved 29 February 2012 Smil Vaclav 2005 Creating the Twentieth Century Technical Innovations of 1867 1914 and Their Lasting Impact Oxford Oxford University Press p 71 ISBN 978 0 19 803774 3 ZBD transformer Electrical Society of Cornell University 1896 Proceedings of the Electrical Society of Cornell University Andrus amp Church p 39 Eugenii Katz Blathy People clarkson edu Archived from the original on 25 June 2008 Retrieved 4 August 2009 The Electrical engineer Volume 5 February 1890 The Electrician Volume 50 1923 Official gazette of the United States Patent Office Volume 50 1890 External links EditBlathy s Inventions 1 Technical University of Budapest Otto Titusz Blathy Budapest 1996 Blathy s problems on PDB Server Biography and inventions of Otto Titusz Blathy Evgeny Katz 24 March 2007 Otto Titusz Blathy Clarkson University Archived from the original on 25 June 2008 Retrieved 2 August 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Otto Blathy amp oldid 1113191331, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.