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Passenger pusher

December 15, 2023

A pusher is a worker who pushes people onto the mass transportation vehicle at a crowded stop during the rush hours.

Rush hour at Ueno Station in Tokyo, 2007. Note that the pusher wears usual business dress and not a high-visibility one.

Historical use edit

Japan edit

When pushers were first brought in at Shinjuku Station, they were called "passenger arrangement staff" (旅客整理係, ryokaku seiri gakari), and were largely made up of students working part-time; currently, station staff and/or part-time workers fill these roles during morning rush hours on many lines.[1][2] During the run-up to the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, a special issue of LIFE magazine described a photograph by Brian Brake as showing "the Tokyo commuter trains where riders are squashed aboard by white-gloved official pushers."[3] In 1975, oshiya packed commuters into rush-hour trains that were filled to an average of 221 percent of designed capacity.[4]

New York City edit

Why, from the moment of starting, I have been mauled and hauled about by the crowds, and every conductor yelled at me, 'Step lively, step lively, lady,' and some even caught hold of me and jerked me on the car and then pushed me into the struggling crowd of passengers inside. 'Step lively,' indeed!

anonymous widow describing her New York City streetcar experience, The Spectator, c.1890s[5]

New York City conductors were well-known for using the phrase "step lively" to exhort passengers to clear space by the doors of streetcars and subway cars during the early 20th century,[6] dating back to the opening of the subway in 1904.[7] "Step lively" was seen as an overly imperative phrase that "flusters the timid and uncertain and angers those who desire to be courteously treated".[5] The New York Times advocated the use of "press forward" instead of "step lively" in 1908.[8]

Early legal precedent in New York held railway operators liable for injuries resulting from overcrowded platforms; since the operator controlled access to the platforms, they could limit the number of passengers on the platform and prevent crowds from pushing and potentially injuring passengers.[9][10] Another New York decision held the operator would be blameless for the pressing action of the crowd, but noted that since the car had been subject to "forced augmentation" by an employee (the guard), the operator was held liable.[11] In Boston, a court ruled the schedule and convenience of other passengers meant that efforts to minimize station dwell time were justified, although physically packing passengers on trains was not mentioned.[12][13]

A New York Times article from August 8, 1918, mentions subway guards and police trying to direct and push crowds onto trains operating along the new 42nd Street Shuttle service between Times Square and Grand Central.[14] By the 1920s, pushers in the New York City Subway were known worldwide, but were not well-liked due to their reputation as "sardine packers".[15][16]

New York City subway pushers are depicted in the 1941 biographical movie Sergeant York; George Tobias plays the character "Pusher" Ross, a soldier from New York City. In the film, "Pusher" has to explain his nickname to Alvin York – which he got because he pushes passengers onto the crowded subway cars during rush hours. The story takes place during World War I, which establishes that "Pusher" was a subway pusher in New York City prior to 1918. Also, in the Bugs Bunny cartoon Hurdy Gurdy Hare, Bugs dons a conductor's cap and pushes a gorilla while saying, "push in, plenty of room in the center of the car!", pausing to tell the audience "I used to work on the shuttle from Times Square to Grand Central". The cartoon was copyrighted in 1948 and released in 1950.

Current use edit

China edit

At least three cities in China have employed professional train pushers. The Beijing Subway has hired employees to help pack commuters onto train carriages since 2008.[17][18] On the Shanghai Metro, trains running on Line 8 at up to 170% of capacity during peak hours in 2010 have used volunteers to help fill carriages.[19] In 2012, seven years after opening, crowds on Chongqing Metro trains were so thick that pushers were used during peak hours.[20]

Japan edit

In Japan, pushers are known as oshiya (押し屋). The term is derived from the verb osu (押す), meaning "push", and the suffix -ya (屋), indicating "line of work." Oshiya ensure every passenger has boarded and does not get caught in the doors, as described during a CNN interview with Sandra Barron, an American living in Tokyo.[21]

A 1995 New York Times article noted white-gloved oshiya were still being deployed during rush hours, but called them "tushy pushers", or shiri oshi (尻 押し).[2] Since 2000, rush-hour trains had become significantly less crowded, running at an average of 183 percent of capacity.[a] By 2019, severe crowding has been largely eliminated on Japanese train lines outside of Tokyo. Train lines in Tokyo have had significant reductions in overcrowding and now run at an average of 163 percent of capacity.[a][22] This was driven by increased capacity (a system-wide 60% increase in 2000 compared to 1970), and changing passenger demand dynamics caused by stagnant growth since 1990s, declining population and commuter incentives designed to make off-peak hour trains more inviting.[4] This led to a decline in the number of pushers needed and largely confining them to the Tokyo area on some still extremely congested lines.

Madrid Metro edit

In February 2017, Madrid hired "pushers" in its Metro to cope with increased numbers of passengers. Line 8, which connects the Madrid–Barajas Airport to Madrid's city center, was temporarily closed due to maintenance works, which caused a surge of passengers on other lines. In Spanish, subway pushers are literally called "pushers" (empujadores); they help passengers embark and make sure that carriage doors are properly closed. Some observers immediately made comparisons with the Japanese oshiya.[23][24]

New York City Subway edit

The Metropolitan Transportation Authority hires "platform controllers" to direct crowds to minimize platform dwell times, although their duties do not include physically moving passengers.[25][26] They perform similar duties as the subway guards, who performed similar duties in the subway through the 1940s.[16][26]

Rhine-Main S-Bahn edit

Since 2015, Deutsche Bahn has been using pushers at Frankfurt's main train station (Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof) and at times at the Messe (trade fair) S-Bahn station and other highly frequented stations (e.g. Eschborn Süd). These platform attendants are called Einstiegslotsen (boarding guides; initially, they were called Fahrgastlenker, i.e. "passenger steerers"). As it was considered indelicate to actually "push" people forward physically, as is standard procedure e.g. in Tokyo-Shinjuku station, the Einstiegslotsen try to avoid direct physical contact. They concentrate on boosting passenger entry and barring the access to the closing doors to stop people trying to enter the full train.

Notes edit

a. ^ Crowding levels defined by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism:[27][28]

100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails.
150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper.
180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read.
200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines.
250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.

References edit

  1. ^ Mito, Yuko (2001). 定刻発車 (Teikoku Hassha). Tokyo: Shinchosha. pp. 113–118.
  2. ^ a b WuDunn, Sheryl (17 December 1995). "On Tokyo's Packed Trains, Molesters Are Brazen". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  3. ^ "A serene love of nature and a frantic side to life". Life. Vol. 57, no. 11. Time, Inc. 11 September 1964. p. 13. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  4. ^ a b Schaefer, Gary (27 April 2000). "Tokyo commuters breathe easier". The Advocate-Messenger. Danville, Kentucky. Associated Press. Retrieved 11 April 2017.(subscription required)
  5. ^ a b "The Spectator". The Outlook. 14 July 1906. pp. 597–598. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  6. ^ Larned, Augusta (9 January 1902). "Little Dramas of the Street-cars". The Christian Register. Vol. 81. pp. 35–36. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  7. ^ Kennedy, Randy (20 March 2001). "Tunnel Vision; The Subway Voice of the Future Is a Recording". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  8. ^ "New Subway Admonition" (PDF). The New York Times. 11 November 1908. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  9. ^ Dawson v. New York Brooklyn Bridge, 31 App. Div. 537 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, Second Department 1898) ("Nevertheless, it clearly appears that the mass of persons desiring to board the train was allowed to crowd upon the car platform so rapidly and with such force that the plaintiff was unable to control his own movements, and was thrust hither and thither against his will, until one of his legs sank into the space between the third and fourth cars. Fortunately for himself, and fortunately for the defendants, so far as the amount of damages is concerned, the plaintiff succeeded in withdrawing the greater part of his leg before the starting of the train brought the bumpers together, so that he suffered only an injury to his foot, which has resulted in the loss of a portion of two toes.").
  10. ^ Dittmar v. Brooklyn Heights R.R. Co, 91 App. Div. 378 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, Second Department 1904) ("There were few people on the platform when she first reached it, but before the train arrived a crowd of passengers had collected so dense that there was no room to move, to escape, or even to turn around. She chanced to stand within a foot of the edge of the platform, and when the train finally came was pushed by the crowd with considerable force against the side of the car where she was held for a moment or two and was then thrown by the crowd violently into the car, sustaining the personal injuries which form the basis of her recovery.").
  11. ^ Viemeister v. Brooklyn Heights R.R. Co, 182 N.Y. 307 (Court of Appeals of the State of New York 1905) ("But the court did charge that if the accident was caused by a voluntary rush of other persons who wanted to get on board the car, the defendant could not be held liable, and plaintiff's counsel, instead of contenting himself with an exception to that part of the charge, emphasized his adherence to the theory of the action set forth in the complaint by requesting the court to charge that, even though plaintiff was forced upon the car by other persons, yet, if he boarded it in safety, and the accident was caused by the guard's subsequent forced augmentation of the crowd, the defendant was liable. This request was granted.").
  12. ^ Hannon v. Boston Elevated Ry. Co., 65 N.E. 809 (Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts January 8, 1903) ("The stations are not far apart, and during the busy hours of the day throngs of passengers are very great. In order to accommodate them with rapid transit, it is important that arrangements be made for their exit and entry at the stations with the least possible delay.").
  13. ^ Willworth v. Boston Elevated Ry. Co., 74 N.E. 333 (Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts May 19, 1905) ("The nature of the business in which the defendant is engaged and the convenience of its passengers, who cannot afford an unnecessary loss of time, justify efforts to make the transfers at stations quickly.").
  14. ^ "Drop Shuttle Plan as Subway Crush becomes a Peril". New York Times. August 3, 1918. pp. 1 (continued on page 7). Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  15. ^ Fitzpatrick, Tracy (1967). Art and the Subway: New York Underground. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8135-4452-6. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  16. ^ a b "Subway Guards are Versatile". The New York Times Magazine. 1930-02-09. p. 22. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
  17. ^ "Beijing subway: a commuter's story". China Daily. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  18. ^ Jiang, Steven (22 May 2008). "Beijing commuters feel the squeeze". CNN World. Retrieved 11 April 2017. Busy stations not only deploy "door pushers" to help commuters squeeze into the carriages during peak times but also limit the number of passengers on the platforms out of safety concerns.
  19. ^ Bao, Daozu (4 February 2010). "Shanghai metro hires people to shove commuters into trains". China Daily. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  20. ^ Chang, Star (7 February 2012). . M.I.C. Gadget. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  21. ^ Said-Moorhouse, Lauren (29 October 2012). "How to survive Tokyo's subway sandwich". CNN. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  22. ^ "Japan's Most Congested Train Lines". nippon.com. 2019-08-23. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  23. ^ Ramírez, Daniel (8 February 2017). "Los 'empujadores' del Metro de Madrid: "No somos como los de Japón"" [The 'pushers' of the Madrid Metro: "We are not like those of Japan"]. El Espanol. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  24. ^ "El Metro de Madrid camufla el uso de 'empujadores'" [The Madrid Metro camouflages the use of 'pushers']. La Vanguardia. 7 February 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  25. ^ "Your Ride Matters: Platform Controllers". Metropolitan Transit Authority. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  26. ^ a b Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (3 May 2016). "Surge in Ridership Pushes New York Subway to Limit". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  27. ^ "混雑率の推移".
  28. ^ Kikuchi, Daisuke (6 July 2017). "Tokyo plans new effort to ease commuter hell on rush-hour trains". The Japan Times. from the original on 6 July 2017.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pusher (railway station attendant).
  • Actually Full Train in 1991 (Why Flex Time is a Good Idea) on YouTube
  • People stuffed onto a train in Tokyo, Japan (train stuffing Tokyo) on YouTube
  • Republished from Century Magazine (June 1906). ""Step Lively, Please!" (poem)". The Railway Conductor. Vol. XXIII, no. 6. p. 479. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  • Kaushik (24 August 2016). "Subway Pushers of Japan". Amusing Planet. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

December 15, 2023
passenger, pusher, pusher, worker, pushes, people, onto, mass, transportation, vehicle, crowded, stop, during, rush, hours, rush, hour, ueno, station, tokyo, 2007, note, that, pusher, wears, usual, business, dress, high, visibility, contents, historical, japan. A pusher is a worker who pushes people onto the mass transportation vehicle at a crowded stop during the rush hours Rush hour at Ueno Station in Tokyo 2007 Note that the pusher wears usual business dress and not a high visibility one Contents 1 Historical use 1 1 Japan 1 2 New York City 2 Current use 2 1 China 2 2 Japan 2 3 Madrid Metro 2 4 New York City Subway 2 5 Rhine Main S Bahn 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksHistorical use editJapan edit When pushers were first brought in at Shinjuku Station they were called passenger arrangement staff 旅客整理係 ryokaku seiri gakari and were largely made up of students working part time currently station staff and or part time workers fill these roles during morning rush hours on many lines 1 2 During the run up to the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo a special issue of LIFE magazine described a photograph by Brian Brake as showing the Tokyo commuter trains where riders are squashed aboard by white gloved official pushers 3 In 1975 oshiya packed commuters into rush hour trains that were filled to an average of 221 percent of designed capacity 4 New York City edit Why from the moment of starting I have been mauled and hauled about by the crowds and every conductor yelled at me Step lively step lively lady and some even caught hold of me and jerked me on the car and then pushed me into the struggling crowd of passengers inside Step lively indeed anonymous widow describing her New York City streetcar experience The Spectator c 1890s 5 New York City conductors were well known for using the phrase step lively to exhort passengers to clear space by the doors of streetcars and subway cars during the early 20th century 6 dating back to the opening of the subway in 1904 7 Step lively was seen as an overly imperative phrase that flusters the timid and uncertain and angers those who desire to be courteously treated 5 The New York Times advocated the use of press forward instead of step lively in 1908 8 Early legal precedent in New York held railway operators liable for injuries resulting from overcrowded platforms since the operator controlled access to the platforms they could limit the number of passengers on the platform and prevent crowds from pushing and potentially injuring passengers 9 10 Another New York decision held the operator would be blameless for the pressing action of the crowd but noted that since the car had been subject to forced augmentation by an employee the guard the operator was held liable 11 In Boston a court ruled the schedule and convenience of other passengers meant that efforts to minimize station dwell time were justified although physically packing passengers on trains was not mentioned 12 13 A New York Times article from August 8 1918 mentions subway guards and police trying to direct and push crowds onto trains operating along the new 42nd Street Shuttle service between Times Square and Grand Central 14 By the 1920s pushers in the New York City Subway were known worldwide but were not well liked due to their reputation as sardine packers 15 16 New York City subway pushers are depicted in the 1941 biographical movie Sergeant York George Tobias plays the character Pusher Ross a soldier from New York City In the film Pusher has to explain his nickname to Alvin York which he got because he pushes passengers onto the crowded subway cars during rush hours The story takes place during World War I which establishes that Pusher was a subway pusher in New York City prior to 1918 Also in the Bugs Bunny cartoon Hurdy Gurdy Hare Bugs dons a conductor s cap and pushes a gorilla while saying push in plenty of room in the center of the car pausing to tell the audience I used to work on the shuttle from Times Square to Grand Central The cartoon was copyrighted in 1948 and released in 1950 Current use editChina edit At least three cities in China have employed professional train pushers The Beijing Subway has hired employees to help pack commuters onto train carriages since 2008 17 18 On the Shanghai Metro trains running on Line 8 at up to 170 of capacity during peak hours in 2010 have used volunteers to help fill carriages 19 In 2012 seven years after opening crowds on Chongqing Metro trains were so thick that pushers were used during peak hours 20 Japan edit In Japan pushers are known as oshiya 押し屋 The term is derived from the verb osu 押す meaning push and the suffix ya 屋 indicating line of work Oshiya ensure every passenger has boarded and does not get caught in the doors as described during a CNN interview with Sandra Barron an American living in Tokyo 21 A 1995 New York Times article noted white gloved oshiya were still being deployed during rush hours but called them tushy pushers or shiri oshi 尻 押し 2 Since 2000 rush hour trains had become significantly less crowded running at an average of 183 percent of capacity a By 2019 severe crowding has been largely eliminated on Japanese train lines outside of Tokyo Train lines in Tokyo have had significant reductions in overcrowding and now run at an average of 163 percent of capacity a 22 This was driven by increased capacity a system wide 60 increase in 2000 compared to 1970 and changing passenger demand dynamics caused by stagnant growth since 1990s declining population and commuter incentives designed to make off peak hour trains more inviting 4 This led to a decline in the number of pushers needed and largely confining them to the Tokyo area on some still extremely congested lines Madrid Metro edit In February 2017 Madrid hired pushers in its Metro to cope with increased numbers of passengers Line 8 which connects the Madrid Barajas Airport to Madrid s city center was temporarily closed due to maintenance works which caused a surge of passengers on other lines In Spanish subway pushers are literally called pushers empujadores they help passengers embark and make sure that carriage doors are properly closed Some observers immediately made comparisons with the Japanese oshiya 23 24 New York City Subway edit The Metropolitan Transportation Authority hires platform controllers to direct crowds to minimize platform dwell times although their duties do not include physically moving passengers 25 26 They perform similar duties as the subway guards who performed similar duties in the subway through the 1940s 16 26 Rhine Main S Bahn edit Since 2015 Deutsche Bahn has been using pushers at Frankfurt s main train station Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof and at times at the Messe trade fair S Bahn station and other highly frequented stations e g Eschborn Sud These platform attendants are called Einstiegslotsen boarding guides initially they were called Fahrgastlenker i e passenger steerers As it was considered indelicate to actually push people forward physically as is standard procedure e g in Tokyo Shinjuku station the Einstiegslotsen try to avoid direct physical contact They concentrate on boosting passenger entry and barring the access to the closing doors to stop people trying to enter the full train Notes edita Crowding levels defined by the Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism 27 28 100 Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails 150 Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper 180 Commuters must fold newspapers to read 200 Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines 250 Commuters are pressed against each other unable to move References edit Mito Yuko 2001 定刻発車 Teikoku Hassha Tokyo Shinchosha pp 113 118 a b WuDunn Sheryl 17 December 1995 On Tokyo s Packed Trains Molesters Are Brazen The New York Times Retrieved 11 April 2017 A serene love of nature and a frantic side to life Life Vol 57 no 11 Time Inc 11 September 1964 p 13 Retrieved 11 April 2017 a b Schaefer Gary 27 April 2000 Tokyo commuters breathe easier The Advocate Messenger Danville Kentucky Associated Press Retrieved 11 April 2017 subscription required a b The Spectator The Outlook 14 July 1906 pp 597 598 Retrieved 10 April 2017 Larned Augusta 9 January 1902 Little Dramas of the Street cars The Christian Register Vol 81 pp 35 36 Retrieved 7 April 2017 Kennedy Randy 20 March 2001 Tunnel Vision The Subway Voice of the Future Is a Recording The New York Times Retrieved 7 April 2017 New Subway Admonition PDF The New York Times 11 November 1908 Retrieved 7 April 2017 Dawson v New York Brooklyn Bridge 31 App Div 537 Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York Second Department 1898 Nevertheless it clearly appears that the mass of persons desiring to board the train was allowed to crowd upon the car platform so rapidly and with such force that the plaintiff was unable to control his own movements and was thrust hither and thither against his will until one of his legs sank into the space between the third and fourth cars Fortunately for himself and fortunately for the defendants so far as the amount of damages is concerned the plaintiff succeeded in withdrawing the greater part of his leg before the starting of the train brought the bumpers together so that he suffered only an injury to his foot which has resulted in the loss of a portion of two toes Dittmar v Brooklyn Heights R R Co 91 App Div 378 Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York Second Department 1904 There were few people on the platform when she first reached it but before the train arrived a crowd of passengers had collected so dense that there was no room to move to escape or even to turn around She chanced to stand within a foot of the edge of the platform and when the train finally came was pushed by the crowd with considerable force against the side of the car where she was held for a moment or two and was then thrown by the crowd violently into the car sustaining the personal injuries which form the basis of her recovery Viemeister v Brooklyn Heights R R Co 182 N Y 307 Court of Appeals of the State of New York 1905 But the court did charge that if the accident was caused by a voluntary rush of other persons who wanted to get on board the car the defendant could not be held liable and plaintiff s counsel instead of contenting himself with an exception to that part of the charge emphasized his adherence to the theory of the action set forth in the complaint by requesting the court to charge that even though plaintiff was forced upon the car by other persons yet if he boarded it in safety and the accident was caused by the guard s subsequent forced augmentation of the crowd the defendant was liable This request was granted Hannon v Boston Elevated Ry Co 65 N E 809 Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts January 8 1903 The stations are not far apart and during the busy hours of the day throngs of passengers are very great In order to accommodate them with rapid transit it is important that arrangements be made for their exit and entry at the stations with the least possible delay Willworth v Boston Elevated Ry Co 74 N E 333 Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts May 19 1905 The nature of the business in which the defendant is engaged and the convenience of its passengers who cannot afford an unnecessary loss of time justify efforts to make the transfers at stations quickly Drop Shuttle Plan as Subway Crush becomes a Peril New York Times August 3 1918 pp 1 continued on page 7 Retrieved 7 April 2017 Fitzpatrick Tracy 1967 Art and the Subway New York Underground New Brunswick New Jersey Rutgers University Press p 93 ISBN 978 0 8135 4452 6 Retrieved 14 January 2015 a b Subway Guards are Versatile The New York Times Magazine 1930 02 09 p 22 Retrieved 2017 04 10 Beijing subway a commuter s story China Daily 28 November 2014 Retrieved 7 April 2017 Jiang Steven 22 May 2008 Beijing commuters feel the squeeze CNN World Retrieved 11 April 2017 Busy stations not only deploy door pushers to help commuters squeeze into the carriages during peak times but also limit the number of passengers on the platforms out of safety concerns Bao Daozu 4 February 2010 Shanghai metro hires people to shove commuters into trains China Daily Retrieved 11 April 2017 Chang Star 7 February 2012 Subway in Chongqing Hires Pushers to Stuff Passengers into Trains M I C Gadget Archived from the original on 14 February 2012 Retrieved 11 April 2017 Said Moorhouse Lauren 29 October 2012 How to survive Tokyo s subway sandwich CNN Retrieved 11 April 2017 Japan s Most Congested Train Lines nippon com 2019 08 23 Retrieved 2020 11 10 Ramirez Daniel 8 February 2017 Los empujadores del Metro de Madrid No somos como los de Japon The pushers of the Madrid Metro We are not like those of Japan El Espanol Retrieved 7 April 2017 El Metro de Madrid camufla el uso de empujadores The Madrid Metro camouflages the use of pushers La Vanguardia 7 February 2017 Retrieved 7 April 2017 Your Ride Matters Platform Controllers Metropolitan Transit Authority Retrieved 7 April 2017 a b Fitzsimmons Emma G 3 May 2016 Surge in Ridership Pushes New York Subway to Limit The New York Times Retrieved 7 April 2017 混雑率の推移 Kikuchi Daisuke 6 July 2017 Tokyo plans new effort to ease commuter hell on rush hour trains The Japan Times Archived from the original on 6 July 2017 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pusher railway station attendant Actually Full Train in 1991 Why Flex Time is a Good Idea on YouTube People stuffed onto a train in Tokyo Japan train stuffing Tokyo on YouTube Republished from Century Magazine June 1906 Step Lively Please poem The Railway Conductor Vol XXIII no 6 p 479 Retrieved 10 April 2017 Kaushik 24 August 2016 Subway Pushers of Japan Amusing Planet Retrieved 6 April 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Passenger pusher amp oldid 1174430112, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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